Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Paradoxes Of Rationality
Download Paradoxes Of Rationality full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Paradoxes Of Rationality ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation by : Richmond Campbell
Download or read book Paradoxes of Rationality and Cooperation written by Richmond Campbell and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anthology, the first to bring together the most importantphilosophical essays on the paradoxes, analyses the concepts underlyingthe Prisoner's Dilemma and Newcomb's Problem and evaluates theproposed solutions. The relevant theories have been developed over thepast four decades in a variety of disciplines: mathematics, economics,psychology, political science, biology, and philosophy. And theproblems these paradoxes uncover can arise in many different forms: indebates over nuclear disarmament, labour-management disputes, maritalconflicts, Calvinist theology, and even in the evolution of diseasethrough the "cooperation" of microorganisms. Thepossibilities for application are virtually limitless.
Book Synopsis Paradoxes of Rationality by : Nigel Howard
Download or read book Paradoxes of Rationality written by Nigel Howard and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Perplexities written by Max Black and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-15 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shortly before his death in 1988, Max Black brought together for this collection previously published major essays on ten intriguing questions concerning ordinary language, rational choice, and literature. Individual chapters explore such fundamental problems as the puzzles posed by meaning and verification; what metaphor is and how metaphors work; the ambiguities and limits of rationality; the usefulness of decision theory to people who wish to make intelligent choices; some questions concerning Bayesian decision theory; the task of demystifying space; and the radical ambiguity of poetry.
Download or read book Paradox written by Margaret Cuonzo and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-02-14 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introduction to paradoxes showing that they are more than mere puzzles but can prompt new ways of thinking. Thinkers have been fascinated by paradox since long before Aristotle grappled with Zeno's. In this volume in The MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, Margaret Cuonzo explores paradoxes and the strategies used to solve them. She finds that paradoxes are more than mere puzzles but can prompt new ways of thinking. A paradox can be defined as a set of mutually inconsistent claims, each of which seems true. Paradoxes emerge not just in salons and ivory towers but in everyday life. (An Internet search for “paradox” brings forth a picture of an ashtray with a “no smoking” symbol inscribed on it.) Proposing solutions, Cuonzo writes, is a natural response to paradoxes. She invites us to rethink paradoxes by focusing on strategies for solving them, arguing that there is much to be learned from this, regardless of whether any of the more powerful paradoxes is even capable of solution. Cuonzo offers a catalog of paradox-solving strategies—including the Preemptive-Strike (questioning the paradox itself), the Odd-Guy-Out (calling one of the assumptions into question), and the You-Can't-Get-There-from-Here (denying the validity of the reasoning). She argues that certain types of solutions work better in some contexts than others, and that as paradoxicality increases, the success of certain strategies grows more unlikely. Cuonzo shows that the processes of paradox generation and solution proposal are interesting and important ones. Discovering a paradox leads to advances in knowledge: new science often stems from attempts to solve paradoxes, and the concepts used in the new sciences lead to new paradoxes. As Niels Bohr wrote, “How wonderful that we have met with a paradox. Now we have some hope of making progress.”
Book Synopsis Paradoxes of Rationality by : Nigel Howard
Download or read book Paradoxes of Rationality written by Nigel Howard and published by Mit Press. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of his work is to produce a technique that can be used to resolve real-life, real-time conflict situations and to investigate political and social interactions between decision makers.
Book Synopsis Paradoxes from A to Z by : Michael Clark
Download or read book Paradoxes from A to Z written by Michael Clark and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paradoxes from A to Z, Third edition is the essential guide to paradoxes, and takes the reader on a lively tour of puzzles that have taxed thinkers from Zeno to Galileo, and Lewis Carroll to Bertrand Russell. Michael Clark uncovers an array of conundrums, such as Achilles and the Tortoise, Theseus' Ship, and the Prisoner's Dilemma, taking in subjects as diverse as knowledge, science, art and politics. Clark discusses each paradox in non-technical terms, considering its significance and looking at likely solutions. This third edition is revised throughout, and adds nine new paradoxes that have important bearings in areas such as law, logic, ethics and probability. Paradoxes from A to Z, Third edition is an ideal starting point for those interested not just in philosophical puzzles and conundrums, but anyone seeking to hone their thinking skills.
Book Synopsis Zeno's Paradoxes by : Wesley C. Salmon
Download or read book Zeno's Paradoxes written by Wesley C. Salmon and published by Hackett Publishing. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A reprint of the Bobbs-Merrill edition of 1970. These essays lead the reader through the land of the wonderful shrinking genie to the warehouse where the infinity machines are kept. By careful examination of a lamp that is switched on and off infinitely many times, or the workings of a machine that prints out an infinite decimal expansion of pi, we begin to understand how it is possible for Achilles to overtake the tortoise. The concepts that form the basis of modern science---space, time, motion, change, infinity---are examined and explored in this edition. Includes an updated bibliography.
Book Synopsis Paradoxes of Belief and Strategic Rationality by : Robert C. Koons
Download or read book Paradoxes of Belief and Strategic Rationality written by Robert C. Koons and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1992-01-31 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The author argues that a logical paradox lies at the root of a number of persistent puzzles in game theory, in particular those concerning rational agents who seek to establish some kind of reputation. This analysis provides an understanding of how the rational agent model can account for the emergence of rules, practices and institutions.
Download or read book Sleight of Mind written by Matt Cook and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This “fun, brain-twisting book . . . will make you think” as it explores more than 75 paradoxes in mathematics, philosophy, physics, and the social sciences (Sean Carroll, New York Times–bestselling author of Something Deeply Hidden). Paradox is a sophisticated kind of magic trick. A magician’s purpose is to create the appearance of impossibility, to pull a rabbit from an empty hat. Yet paradox doesn’t require tangibles, like rabbits or hats. Paradox works in the abstract, with words and concepts and symbols, to create the illusion of contradiction. There are no contradictions in reality, but there can appear to be. In Sleight of Mind, Matt Cook and a few collaborators dive deeply into more than 75 paradoxes in mathematics, physics, philosophy, and the social sciences. As each paradox is discussed and resolved, Cook helps readers discover the meaning of knowledge and the proper formation of concepts—and how reason can dispel the illusion of contradiction. The journey begins with “a most ingenious paradox” from Gilbert and Sullivan’s Pirates of Penzance. Readers will then travel from Ancient Greece to cutting-edge laboratories, encounter infinity and its different sizes, and discover mathematical impossibilities inherent in elections. They will tackle conundrums in probability, induction, geometry, and game theory; perform “supertasks”; build apparent perpetual motion machines; meet twins living in different millennia; explore the strange quantum world—and much more.
Download or read book Paradox written by Doris Olin and published by McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. This book was released on 2003-10-27 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paradoxes are more than just intellectual puzzles: they raise substantive philosophical issues. Indeed, an apparently impeccable argument that leads to an apparently outrageous conclusion is a threat to the very trustworthiness of reason. In this introduction to paradox and paradoxes Doris Olin shows how seductive paradoxes can be, why they confuse and confound, and why they continue to be such a fascinating area of philosophical inquiry. Olin examines the nature of paradox with a rigorous definition, a clear statement of what counts as a successful resolution, and a description of how one can make progress on a paradox short of offering a full solution. The view that a statement can be both true and false and that contradictions can be true and rationally believed is given particular attention. She then examines a selection of paradoxes, including the Prediction Paradox, the Preface Paradox, the Lottery Paradox, Newcomb's Problem, the Prisoner's Dilemma, and the Sorites Paradox. The selection is not arbitrary: each paradox is shown to pack a considerable philosophical punch and raise difficult issues about the rationality of belief, the rationality of action, and the coherence of our language. For each paradox Olin systematically delineates each stage of the argument to reveal the philosophical impact of its resolution.
Download or read book Paradoxes written by Roy T. Cook and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paradoxes are arguments that lead from apparently true premises, via apparently uncontroversial reasoning, to a false or even contradictory conclusion. Paradoxes threaten our basic understanding of central concepts such as space, time, motion, infinity, truth, knowledge, and belief. In this volume Roy T Cook provides a sophisticated, yet accessible and entertaining, introduction to the study of paradoxes, one that includes a detailed examination of a wide variety of paradoxes. The book is organized around four important types of paradox: the semantic paradoxes involving truth, the set-theoretic paradoxes involving arbitrary collections of objects, the Soritical paradoxes involving vague concepts, and the epistemic paradoxes involving knowledge and belief. In each of these cases, Cook frames the discussion in terms of four different approaches one might take towards solving such paradoxes. Each chapter concludes with a number of exercises that illustrate the philosophical arguments and logical concepts involved in the paradoxes. Paradoxes is the ideal introduction to the topic and will be a valuable resource for scholars and students in a wide variety of disciplines who wish to understand the important role that paradoxes have played, and continue to play, in contemporary philosophy.
Book Synopsis Paradoxes and Inconsistent Mathematics by : Zach Weber
Download or read book Paradoxes and Inconsistent Mathematics written by Zach Weber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why are there paradoxes? This book uses paraconsistent logic to develop the mathematics to find out.
Book Synopsis God’s Rational Warriors by : Marion Ledwig
Download or read book God’s Rational Warriors written by Marion Ledwig and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book stands in the tradition of philosophers who advance the rationality of faith. Yet this book goes beyond their accounts, for it not only defends the view that faith can be termed rational, but it also considers the different senses in which faith can be termed rational. While this book advances the idea that faith as a general category can be termed rational, it does not investigate in a detailed way whether there are arguments for the rationality of particular faiths which would go beyond the arguments for the rationality of faith as a general category. Besides discussing whether betting on God in Pascal’s wager and believing in miracles are forms of the rationality of faith, I will provide unique solutions to the problem of evil and the paradoxes of omnipotence and omniscience.
Download or read book Paradoxes written by James Cargile and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1979-06-21 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ancient semantic paradoxes were thought to undermine the rationalist metaphysics of Plato, and their modern relatives have been used by Russell and others to administer some severe logical and epistemological shocks. These are not just tricks or puzzles, but are intimately connected with some of the liveliest and most basic philosophical disputes about logical form, universals, reference and predication. Dr Cargile offers here an original and sustained treatment of this range of issues, and in fact presents an unfashionable defence of a platonistic ontology. He argues that the paradoxes arise not from mistakes in classical assumptions about truth or from an ontology that includes propositions and properties, but from mistakes in describing what propositions and properties are conveyed by particular linguistic expressions. The book should interest, and may well surprise, philosophers and others concerned with semantics and the foundations of logic.
Book Synopsis Rationality and Coordination by : Cristina Bicchieri
Download or read book Rationality and Coordination written by Cristina Bicchieri and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1997-03-28 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . This major new book will be of particular interest not only to philosophers but to decision theorists, political scientists, economists, and researchers in artificial intelligence.
Download or read book Paradox Lost written by Michael Huemer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-28 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paradox Lost covers ten of philosophy’s most fascinating paradoxes, in which seemingly compelling reasoning leads to absurd conclusions. The following paradoxes are included: The Liar Paradox, in which a sentence says of itself that it is false. Is the sentence true or false? The Sorites Paradox, in which we imagine removing grains of sand one at a time from a heap of sand. Is there a particular grain whose removal converts the heap to a non-heap? The Puzzle of the Self-Torturer, in which a series of seemingly rational choices has us accepting a life of excruciating pain, in exchange for millions of dollars. Newcomb’s Problem, in which we seemingly maximize our expected profit by taking an unknown sum of money, rather than taking the same sum plus $1000. The Surprise Quiz Paradox, in which a professor finds that it is impossible to give a surprise quiz on any particular day of the week . . . but also that if this is so, then a surprise quiz can be given on any day. The Two Envelope Paradox, in which we are asked to choose between two indistinguishable envelopes, and it is seemingly shown that each envelope is preferable to the other. The Ravens Paradox, in which observing a purple shoe provides evidence that all ravens are black. The Shooting Room Paradox, in which a deadly game kills 90% of all who play, yet each individual’s survival turns on the flip of a fair coin. Each paradox is clearly described, common mistakes are explored, and a clear, logical solution offered. Paradox Lost will appeal to professional philosophers, students of philosophy, and all who love intellectual puzzles.
Book Synopsis Essays on Paradoxes by : Terry Horgan
Download or read book Essays on Paradoxes written by Terry Horgan and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume brings together many of Terence Horgan's essays on paradoxes: Newcomb's problem, the Monty Hall problem, the two-envelope paradox, the sorites paradox, and the Sleeping Beauty problem. Newcomb's problem arises because the ordinary concept of practical rationality constitutively includes normative standards that can sometimes come into direct conflict with one another. The Monty Hall problem reveals that sometimes the higher-order fact of one's having reliably received pertinent new first-order information constitutes stronger pertinent new information than does the new first-order information itself. The two-envelope paradox reveals that epistemic-probability contexts are weakly hyper-intensional; that therefore, non-zero epistemic probabilities sometimes accrue to epistemic possibilities that are not metaphysical possibilities; that therefore, the available acts in a given decision problem sometimes can simultaneously possess several different kinds of non-standard expected utility that rank the acts incompatibly. The sorites paradox reveals that a certain kind of logical incoherence is inherent to vagueness, and that therefore, ontological vagueness is impossible. The Sleeping Beauty problem reveals that some questions of probability are properly answered using a generalized variant of standard conditionalization that is applicable to essentially indexical self-locational possibilities, and deploys "preliminary" probabilities of such possibilities that are not prior probabilities. The volume also includes three new essays: one on Newcomb's problem, one on the Sleeping Beauty problem, and an essay on epistemic probability that articulates and motivates a number of novel claims about epistemic probability that Horgan has come to espouse in the course of his writings on paradoxes. A common theme unifying these essays is that philosophically interesting paradoxes typically resist either easy solutions or solutions that are formally/mathematically highly technical. Another unifying theme is that such paradoxes often have deep-sometimes disturbing-philosophical morals.
