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Author : Mark Mika
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (72 download)
Download or read book Palladium-copper Alloys for Hydrogen Separation Membranes written by Mark Mika and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PALLADIUM/COPPER ALLOY COMPOSITE MEMBRANES FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE HYDROGEN SEPARATION. written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes progress made during the first year of research funding from DOE Grant No. DE-FG26-03NT41792 at the Colorado School of Mines. The period of performance was September 1, 2003 through August of 2004. Composite membranes, consisting of a thin Pd alloy film supported on a porous substrate have been investigated as a means of reducing the membrane cost and improving H[sub 2] flux. An electroless plating technique was utilized to deposit subsequent layers of palladium and copper over zirconia and alumina-based microfilters. The composite membranes thus made were annealed and tested at temperatures ranging from 250 to 500 C, under very high feed pressures (up to 450 psig) using pure gases and gaseous mixtures containing H[sub 2], CO, CO[sub 2], H[sub 2]O and H[sub 2]S, with the purpose of determining the effects these variables had on the H[sub 2] permeation rate, selectivity and percent recovery. The inhibition caused by CO/CO[sub 2] gases on a 7 [micro]m thick Pd-Cu composite membrane was less than 17% over a wide range of compositions at 350 C. H[sub 2]S caused a strong inhibition of the H[sub 2] flux of the same Pd-Cu composite membrane, which is accentuated at levels of 100 ppm or higher. The membrane was exposed to 50 ppm three times without permanent damage. At higher H[sub 2]S levels, above 100 ppm the membrane suffered some physical degradation and its performances was severely affected. The use of sweep gases improved the hydrogen flux and recovery of a Pd-Cu composite membrane. Recently, we have been able to dramatically reduce the thickness of these Pd alloy membranes to approximately one micron. This is significant because at this thickness, it is the cost of the porous support that controls the materials cost of a composite Pd alloy membrane, not the palladium inventory. Very recent results show that the productivity of our membranes is very high, essentially meeting the DOE pure hydrogen flux target value set by the DOE Hydrogen Program. These results were obtained when a 1.3-micron-thick Pd[sub 95]Cu[sub 5] (composition given in mass %) alloy film was coated on a Pall Corporation Membralox[reg-sign] T1-70 tubular ceramic substrate. The flux of this membrane would be even higher if the alloy composition was 40 wt. % Cu.
Author : J. Douglas Way
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)
Download or read book Palladium/Copper Alloy Composite Membranes for High Temperature Hydrogen Separation written by J. Douglas Way and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes progress made during the a three year University Coal Research grant (DEFG26-03NT41792) at the Colorado School of Mines. The period of performance was September 1, 2003 through August of 2006. We made excellent progress toward our goal of contributing to the development of high productivity, sulfur tolerant composite metal membranes for hydrogen production and membrane reactors. Composite Pd and Pd alloy metal membranes with thin metal films (1-7 {micro}m) were prepared on porous stainless steel and ceramic supports that meet or exceed the DOE 2010 and 2015 pure hydrogen flux targets at differential pressure of only 20 psi. For example, a 2 {micro}m pure Pd membrane on a Pall AccuSep{reg_sign} substrate achieved an ideal H{sub 2}/N{sub 2} separation factor of over 6000, with a pure hydrogen flux of 210 SCFH/ft{sup 2} at only 20 psig feed pressure. Similar performance was achieved with a Pd{sub 80}Au{sub 20} composite membrane on a similar stainless steel substrate. Extrapolating the pure hydrogen flux of this PdAu membrane to the DOE Fossil Energy target conditions of 150 psia feed pressure and 50 psia permeate pressure gives a value of 508 SCFH/ft{sup 2}, exceeding the 2015 target. At these thicknesses, it is the support cost that will dominate the cost of a large scale module. In a direct comparison of FCC phase PdCu and PdAu alloys on identical supports, we showed that a Pd{sub 85}Au{sub 15} (mass %) alloy membrane is not inhibited by CO, CO{sub 2}, or steam present in a water-gas shift feed mixture at 400 C, has better resistance to sulfur than a Pd{sub 94}Cu{sub 6} membrane, and has over twice the hydrogen permeance.
Download or read book PALLADIUM/COPPER ALLOY COMPOSITE MEMBRANES FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE HYDROGEN SEPARATION FROM COAL-DERIVED GAS STREAMS. written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For hydrogen from coal gasification to be used economically, processing approaches that produce a high purity gas must be developed. Palladium and its alloys, nickel, platinum and the metals in Groups 3 to 5 of the Periodic Table are all permeable to hydrogen. Hydrogen permeable metal membranes made of palladium and its alloys are the most widely studied due to their high hydrogen permeability, chemical compatibility with many hydrocarbon containing gas streams, and infinite hydrogen selectivity. Our Pd composite membranes have demonstrated stable operation at 450 C for over 70 days. Coal derived synthesis gas will contain up to 15000 ppm H[sub 2]S as well as CO, CO[sub 2], N[sub 2] and other gases. Highly selectivity membranes are necessary to reduce the H[sub 2]S concentration to acceptable levels for solid oxide and other fuel cell systems. Pure Pd-membranes are poisoned by sulfur, and suffer from mechanical problems caused by thermal cycling and hydrogen embrittlement. Recent advances have shown that Pd-Cu composite membranes are not susceptible to the mechanical, embrittlement, and poisoning problems that have prevented widespread industrial use of Pd for high temperature H[sub 2] separation. These membranes consist of a thin ([le] 5[micro]m) film of metal deposited on the inner surface of a porous metal or ceramic tube. With support from this DOE Grant, we have fabricated thin, high flux Pd-Cu alloy composite membranes using a sequential electroless plating approach. Thin, Pd[sub 60]Cu[sub 40] films exhibit a hydrogen flux more than ten times larger than commercial polymer membranes for H[sub 2] separation, resist poisoning by H[sub 2]S and other sulfur compounds typical of coal gas, and exceed the DOE Fossil Energy target hydrogen flux of 80 ml/cm[sup 2][center-dot] min= 0.6 mol/m[sup 2][center-dot] s for a feed pressure of 40 psig. Similar Pd-membranes have been operated at temperatures as high as 750 C. We have developed practical electroless plating procedures for fabrication of thin Pd-Cu composite membranes at any scale.
Author : Stephen Nick Paglieri
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (249 download)
Download or read book Palladium and Palladium-copper Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Separation written by Stephen Nick Paglieri and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Scott M. Fisher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (555 download)
Download or read book The Construction of Palladium and Palladium-alloy Supported Membranes for Hydrogen Separation Using Supercritical Fluid Deposition written by Scott M. Fisher and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Palladium Alloy Membranes for Hydrogen Separation written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Samhun Yun
Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783659104626
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (46 download)
Download or read book Palladium Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Production and Separation written by Samhun Yun and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-04 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this work, we developed a new preparation technique for palladium composite membranes which results in an ultra-thin and defect-free selective layer with outstanding performance properties and long life. In the method, a palladium precursor and a reducing agent on opposite sides of a substrate of porous alumina hollow fibers were placed and used an electric field to cause migration of metal ions to the outer surface where they are reduced to form seeds at high concentration in a narrow spatial region. The ethanol steam reforming was conducted in a membrane reactor with the Pd membrane and the performance of this reactor was compared with results from a packed bed reactor under identical conditions. For all conditions studied, enhancement of ethanol conversion and hydrogen yield were observed in the membrane reactor compared to the packed bed reactor.
Author : Matthew K. Keeling
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 90 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (298 download)
Download or read book Palladium Ruthenium Membranes for Hydrogen Separation by Electroless Co-deposition written by Matthew K. Keeling and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Development of Palladium Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Separation written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two types of palladium composite membrane were investigated for hydrogen separation. A palladium alloy membrane was prepared by electroless plating a layer of palladium (≈20 [mu]m) and then copper onto a commercially available porous (nominal 0.2 [mu]m pores) [alpha]-alumina substrate. The resulting multilayer metal film was annealed at 355 C for several days to promote metallic interdiffusion and alloy formation. During the heat treatment, a maximum hydrogen flux of 0.15 mol (STP)/m2 · s was observed at 355 C and a pressure drop ([Delta]P) across the membrane of 6.8 atm. The H2/Ar ideal separation factor was 68 at these conditions, however, the separation factor decreased upon thermal cycling. The other type of membrane fabricated was a palladium coated vanadium-copper alloy foil where the main advantage is the reduction in palladium film coating thickness to 100 nm per side. New methods are being developed for welding the thin foil into modules for testing. The hydrogen flux through a pinhole-free, 75 [mu]m thick Pd/VCu{sub 1.1}/Pd (atomic %) composite membrane was 0.66 mol (STP)/m2 · at 350 C and [Delta]P = 3.5 atm compared to 0.44 mol (STP)/m2 · s for a 71 [mu]m thick Pd/VCu10/Pd membrane. Vanadium alloy composition was checked using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES).
Author : John Clifford
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (19 download)
Download or read book Hydrogen Permeation in Palladium-copper Membranes written by John Clifford and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : G. Alefeld
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Hydrogen in Metals: Application-oriented properties written by G. Alefeld and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Fernando Roa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (54 download)
Download or read book Palladium-copper Composite Membranes written by Fernando Roa and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Hien (Duy Tong)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789036520584
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (25 download)
Download or read book Microfabricated Palladium-based Membranes for Hydrogen Separation written by Hien (Duy Tong) and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rune Bredesen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788259582720
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (827 download)
Download or read book Palladium-based Membranes for Hydrogen Separation written by Rune Bredesen and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Balamurali Krishna Ramachandran Nair
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781109889352
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (893 download)
Download or read book Permselective Palladium Membranes for Hydrogen Separation written by Balamurali Krishna Ramachandran Nair and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary obstacles for deployment of Pd membrane devices are inadequate hydrogen flux, permselectivity, and long-term stability. This work focuses on overcoming these obstacles. Pd and Pd/Ag membranes are synthesized on the surface and within the pores of gamma-Al2O3 coated alpha-Al2O3 hollow fibers.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)
Download or read book Cost-Effective Method for Producing Self Supported Palladium Alloy Membranes for Use in Efficient Production of Coal Derived Hydrogen written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last quarter, we continued to optimize procedures for producing free-standing, defect free films using rigid silicon and glass substrates. A strong correlation was observed between sputter power and formation of defects (pinholes) in the film; i.e., lower power, and correspondingly lower deposition rate, results in a lower defect density. Films less than 1 [mu]m-thick have been successfully released from both silicon and glass substrates although the minimum thickness for pinhole-free films over a 4-inch diameter disc is still on the order of 3-4 [mu]m. Results from hydrogen permeation testing over the last quarter have shown a marked increase in membrane performance primarily due to proper alloy composition and pre-treatment procedures. As an example, the hydrogen flux at 400 C and 20 psi trans-membrane pressure, for a 5 [mu]m-thick membrane, was 120 cm3 (STP)/cm2 min. The productivity of this membrane exceeds the 2015 DOE Fossil Energy targets. Hydrogen permeability was calculated to be 2.0 · 10−4 cm3(STP) · cm/cm2 · s · cm Hg{sup 0.5}. Permeation tests were then repeated on a sibling membrane sample and the measured hydrogen flow rate at 400 C and 20 psi was 58 cm3 (STP)/min. Although lower than the flow rate of the first sample, the hydrogen flow rate increased to 175 cm3 (STP)/min after two oxidation treatments. Finally, with the attendance of John Shen and the rest of the program team members at the IdaTech facility in Bend, OR, we presented an overview of program activities. Subsequently, we prepared detailed written responses to John Shen's questions with regard to technical feasibility, maturity, scale-up and commercialization potential in comparison to competing hydrogen separation methods such as pressure swing absorption and ionic conducting membranes.
