Our African Unconscious

Download Our African Unconscious PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 164411397X
Total Pages : 615 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (441 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Our African Unconscious by : Edward Bruce Bynum

Download or read book Our African Unconscious written by Edward Bruce Bynum and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2021-09-07 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: • Examines the Oldawan, the Ancient Soul of Africa, and its correlation with what modern psychologists have defined as the collective unconscious • Draws on archaeology, DNA research, history, and depth psychology to reveal how the biological and spiritual roots of religion and science came out of Africa • Explores the reflections of our African unconscious in the present confrontation in the Americas, in the work of the Founding Fathers, and in modern psychospirituality The fossil record confirms that humanity originated in Africa. Yet somehow we have overlooked that Africa is also at the root of all that makes us human--our spirituality, civilization, arts, sciences, philosophy, and our conscious and unconscious minds. In this extensive look at the unfolding of human history and culture, Edward Bruce Bynum reveals how our collective unconscious is African. Drawing on archaeology, DNA research, depth psychology, and the biological and spiritual roots of religion and science, he demonstrates how all modern human beings, regardless of ethnic or racial categorizations, share a common deeper identity, both psychically and genetically--a primordial African unconscious. Exploring the beginning of early religions and mysticism in Africa, the author looks at the Egyptian Nubian role in the rise of civilization, the emergence of Kemetic Egypt, and the Oldawan, the Ancient Soul, and its correlation with what modern psychologists have defined as the collective unconscious. Revealing the spiritual and psychological ramifications of our shared African ancestry, the author examines its reflections in the present confrontation in the Americas, in the work of the Founding Fathers, and in modern Black spirituality, which arose from African diaspora religion and philosophy. By recognizing our shared African unconscious--the matrix that forms the deepest luminous core of human identity--we learn that the differences between one person and another are merely superficial and ultimately there is no real separation between the material and the spiritual.

The African Unconscious

Download The African Unconscious PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cosimo
ISBN 13 : 9781616406660
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (66 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The African Unconscious by : Edward Bruce Bynum

Download or read book The African Unconscious written by Edward Bruce Bynum and published by Cosimo. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The African Unconsciousness, originally published in 1999, is a bold new paradigmatic look at human history based on archaeology, genetics, and the biospiritual roots of religion and science. Author Edward Bruce Bynum offers a captivating and controversial viewpoint on the roots of our human existence, positing that all humans at their deepest core are variations on the African template, creating a shared identity and collective unconscious in all. He looks at both phenotypical types and psychic structures that form and identify us as human beings. Ideal for humanistic and transpersonal psychologists and those interested in African American art and culture, The African Unconsciousness is a blend of modern and ancient psychology that provides a relevant backdrop to humanity and our daily life"--Cover.

Dark Light Consciousness

Download Dark Light Consciousness PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1594776865
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (947 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dark Light Consciousness by : Edward Bruce Bynum

Download or read book Dark Light Consciousness written by Edward Bruce Bynum and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2012-06-19 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How to awaken the Ureaus--the serpent power of spiritual transcendence within each of us--and connect to the superconscious of the universe • Reveals the biochemistry of how the body’s melanin provides the template for the subtle energy body or light body • Shows how embracing the dark light consciousness of the awakened Ureaus opens a portal to the sacred darkness of the superconscious • Provides illustrated instructions for meditation practices, breathing exercises, and yoga postures to safely awaken Ureaus/Kundalini energy Within each of us lies the potential to activate a personal connection to the superconscious. Called “Ureaus” in ancient Egyptian texts and “Kundalini” in ancient Hindu yoga traditions, our innate serpent power of spiritual transcendence inhabits the base of the spine in its dormant state. When awakened, it unfurls along the spinal column to the brain, connecting individual consciousness to the consciousness of the universe enfolded within the dark matter of space. At the root of creativity and spiritual genius across innumerable cultures and civilizations, this intelligent force reveals portals that enfold time, space, and the luminous matrix of reality itself. Combining physics, neuroscience, and biochemistry with ancient traditions from Africa and India, Edward Bruce Bynum, Ph.D., explores the ancient Egyptian science of the Ureaus and reveals how it is intimately connected to dark matter and to melanin, a light-sensitive, energy-conducting substance found in the brain, nervous system, and organs of all higher life-forms. He explains how the dark light of melanin serves as the biochemical infrastructure for the subtle energy body, just as dark matter, together with gravity, holds the galaxies and constellations together. With illustrated instructions, he shows how to safely awaken and stabilize the spiritual energy of the Ureaus through meditation practices, breathing exercises, and yoga postures as well as how to prepare the subtle body for transdimensional soul travel. By embracing the dark light of the shining serpent within, we overcome our collective fear of the vast living darkness without. By embracing the dark, we transcend reality to the dimension of light.

Mysticism and Meaning: Multidisciplinary Perspectives

Download Mysticism and Meaning: Multidisciplinary Perspectives PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 193148340X
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (314 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mysticism and Meaning: Multidisciplinary Perspectives by : Alex S. Kohav

Download or read book Mysticism and Meaning: Multidisciplinary Perspectives written by Alex S. Kohav and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2019 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume investigates the question of meaning of mystical phenomena and, conversely, queries the concept of "meaning" itself, via insights afforded by mystical experiences. The collection brings together researchers from such disparate fields as philosophy, psychology, history of religion, cognitive poetics, and semiotics, in an effort to ascertain the question of mysticism's meaning through pertinent, up-to-date multidisciplinarity. The discussion commences with Editor's Introduction that probes persistent questions of complexity as well as perplexity of mysticism and the reasons why problematizing mysticism leads to even greater enigmas. One thread within the volume provides the contextual framework for continuing fascination of mysticism that includes a consideration of several historical traditions as well as personal accounts of mystical experiences: Two contributions showcase ancient Egyptian and ancient Israelite involvements with mystical alterations of consciousness and Christianity's origins being steeped in mystical praxis; and four essays highlight mysticism's formative presence in Chinese traditions and Tibetan Buddhism as well as medieval Judaism and Kabbalah mysticism. A second, more overarching strand within the volume is concerned with multidisciplinary investigations of the phenomenon of mysticism, including philosophical, psychological, cognitive, and semiotic analyses. To this effect, the volume explores the question of philosophy's relation to mysticism and vice versa, together with a Wittgensteinian nexus between mysticism, facticity, and truth; language mysticism and "supernormal meaning" engendered by certain mystical states; cognitive-poetic analysis of mystical poetry; and a semiotic scrutiny of some mystical experiences and their ineffability. Finally, the volume includes an assessment of the so-called New Age authors' contention of the convergence of scientific and mystical claims about reality. The above two tracks are appended with personal, contemporary accounts of mystical experiences, in the Prologue; and a futuristic envisioning, as a fictitious chronicle from the time-to-come, of life without things mystical, in the Postscript. The volume contains fourteen chapters; its international contributors are based in Canada, Israel, United Kingdom, and the United States.

African Psychology in Historical Perspective and Related Commentary

Download African Psychology in Historical Perspective and Related Commentary PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Africa Research and Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis African Psychology in Historical Perspective and Related Commentary by : Daudi Ajani ya Azibo

Download or read book African Psychology in Historical Perspective and Related Commentary written by Daudi Ajani ya Azibo and published by Africa Research and Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professionals, whether engaged primarily in theory, research, or practice, will welcome the freshness and depth of vision this anthology affords into the history and teaching of psychology, into the methodology of culture-specific research, into the peculiar predicament of the African American, into the effects of oppression and the very nature of human personality. Students of psychology, at every level, will find in this book valuable and proactive alternatives to the prevailing Eurocentric analyses.

Understanding an Afrocentric World View

Download Understanding an Afrocentric World View PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Understanding an Afrocentric World View by : Linda James Myers

Download or read book Understanding an Afrocentric World View written by Linda James Myers and published by . This book was released on 1992-12-31 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding an Afrocentric World View: Introduction to an Optimal Psychology stands as a groundbreaking and timeless classic in the field of Africana Studies, Psychology, and Human Development. Its reverberating in-depth analysis of and prescriptive cure for racism and other societal isms identifies the essential factors at their core and how to change them. Dr. Linda James Myers provides rare insights into social forces behind the systemic racism that have been with us for over 400 years. Her time tested Optimal Conceptual Theory and its corollary psychotherapeutic strategies unearth the characteristics of the suboptimal mindset that keeps us trapped in the vicious pattern of oppressive injustice that is harmful to ourselves as well as others, and its optimal alternative. Unlike other treatise on the subject, James Myers offers readers the tools and developmental processes for making the shift in consciousness needed for improving the quality of their own lives and for creating a just, sacred, and sustainable world. Her comprehensive holistic and integrative approach reflects a Black cultural perspective seldom heard, but proven effective and traceable to the beginnings of all human culture and civilization.

Negrophobia and Reasonable Racism

Download Negrophobia and Reasonable Racism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814706703
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Negrophobia and Reasonable Racism by : Jody David Armour

Download or read book Negrophobia and Reasonable Racism written by Jody David Armour and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jody Armour believes that, despite the fact that most whites today are racially well intentioned, race-based mistrust and misunderstanding pose one of the greatest obstacles to racial harmony in contemporary America. Beset by media images of black criminality, whites consistently cite statistics, trends, and past experiences to support their deep distrust of backs, a distrust blacks deeply resent. Negrophobia and Reasonable Racism is a crucial book, at a crucial time, just as white America is gradually coming to understand the hidden travails of African American life: the suspicious glances in department stores, the baseless questioning by police, the inability to get a taxi. Armour shows convincingly how this phenomenon has been so persistent as to constitute, literally, a tax on African Americans, sapping them of resources, opportunity, time, and energy. Skillfully drawing on a wide range of referents, from Greek mythology to Thomas Bayes, the father of statistics, armour plumbs our racial psychology and in the process exposes the racialized nature of our daily life and of our legal system. Unlike so much recent writing on race in America, Jody Armour's book is no plaintive cry of despair. His perspective is rooted in a measured, even hopeful belief that we both must and can overcome racial bias. Toward that end, he introduces specific ways in which we can overcome the unconscious discrimination and the automatic negative responses that tax blacks and so trouble progressive whites.

Culture and the Unconscious

Download Culture and the Unconscious PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9781403986221
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (862 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Culture and the Unconscious by : Caroline Bainbridge

Download or read book Culture and the Unconscious written by Caroline Bainbridge and published by Palgrave Macmillan. This book was released on 2007-03-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Freud, psychoanalysis has always concerned itself with questions of art, creativity, politics, and war. This collection of essays from leading writers on psychoanalysis explores questions of culture through a close dialogue between psychoanalytic clinical and academic traditions. Culture and the Unconscious is a major contribution to these debates. With accessible introductions to its central themes, the book opens up conversations between the spheres of art, academia and psychoanalysis, revealing points of commonality and divergence.

The Unconscious Community

Download The Unconscious Community PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Patrice Griffin
ISBN 13 : 9780578736235
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (362 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Unconscious Community by : Patrice Griffin

Download or read book The Unconscious Community written by Patrice Griffin and published by Patrice Griffin. This book was released on 2020-08-15 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My book is about how child sexual abuse

The African Experience in Literature and Ideology

Download The African Experience in Literature and Ideology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : London ; Exeter, N.H. : Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 9780435916312
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (163 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The African Experience in Literature and Ideology by : Abiola Irele

Download or read book The African Experience in Literature and Ideology written by Abiola Irele and published by London ; Exeter, N.H. : Heinemann. This book was released on 1981 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

African/Black Psychology in the American Context

Download African/Black Psychology in the American Context PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780963396310
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (963 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis African/Black Psychology in the American Context by : Kobi K. Kambon

Download or read book African/Black Psychology in the American Context written by Kobi K. Kambon and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Why Darkness Matters

Download Why Darkness Matters PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Black Studies, Psychology, Neuroscience
ISBN 13 : 9781884897054
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (97 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Why Darkness Matters by : Edward Bruce Bynum

Download or read book Why Darkness Matters written by Edward Bruce Bynum and published by Black Studies, Psychology, Neuroscience. This book was released on 2022-09-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Science of Melanin (The 2nd Edition) (2004) is a revised copy of the original publication with additional chapters, which provides the reader with a thorough understanding of information related to melanin. Moore makes the complex information simple for the common person to comprehend. Zamani Press is the primary distri

AFRICAN UNCONSCIOUS

Download AFRICAN UNCONSCIOUS PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cosimo
ISBN 13 : 9781944529963
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (299 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis AFRICAN UNCONSCIOUS by : Edward Bruce Bynum

Download or read book AFRICAN UNCONSCIOUS written by Edward Bruce Bynum and published by Cosimo. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ""What Bynum has accomplished in pulling together such a mammoth body of knowledge and research into one cogent volume and theme is remarkable.... A contribution of this magnitude seldom comes once in a decade."" -Linda James Myers, Ph.D., author of Understanding an Afrocentric World View The African Unconscious, originally published in 1999, is an Afro-centric look at human history based on archaeology, genetics, and the biospiritual roots of religion and science. Author Edward Bruce Bynum offers a captivating and controversial viewpoint on the roots of our human existence, positing that all humans at their deepest core are variations on the African template, creating a shared identity and collective unconscious in all. He looks at both phenotypical types and psychic structures that form and identify us as human beings. Ideal for humanistic and transpersonal psychologists and those interested in African American art and culture, The African Unconscious is a blend of modern and ancient psychology that provides a relevant backdrop to humanity and our daily life. ""I read with awe this passionate, brilliant, epic work. It is one of the most exhaustive and revealing studies of Black and human origins I have ever seen."" -Lee S. Sannella, M.D., author of The Kundalini Experience ""The African Unconscious is indeed a daring work, and a unique contribution to African diasporic studies. It is a must for all students of human psychology."" -Rowland O. Abiodun, author of Yoruba: Nine Centuries of African Art and Thought ""The scope of the author's knowledge is simply awesome, and that, coupled with his engaging writing style, makes not for an 'easy' ready, but an adventuresome one.... For those who entertain notions of collective unconscious and deep structure racial messages, I cannot think of a better text that navigates such thinking."" -William E. Cross, Jr., Ph.D., author of Shades of Black EDWARD BRUCE BYNUM, Ph.D., is a clinical psychologist, Director of the Behavioral Medicine Clinic at the University of Massachusetts Health Services, a Senior Fellow in the Society for Psychophysiology and Biofeedback (BICA), and a Diplomat (ABPP) in the American Psychological Association (APA). Dr. Bynum is the author of numerous books and articles, including five texts in psychology and three poetry books. He has won numerous awards, including the Abraham H. Maslow Award from the APA, and is a student and practitioner of Kundalini Yoga. He is married with two sons and lives with his family in Amherst, Massachusetts.

Race and the Unconscious

Download Race and the Unconscious PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000899519
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Race and the Unconscious by : Fanny Brewster

Download or read book Race and the Unconscious written by Fanny Brewster and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race and the Unconscious engages the archetypal African consciousness that enriches our knowledge regarding the foundational mythopoetic of Africanist dreaming. Featuring crucial historical context, Jungian and post-Jungian theory, clinical case studies, and dream series interpretations, the book offers readers a rich framework for exploring and understanding the language, images, and symbols of African and African American dreamlife. It expands the modern understanding of dreaming with the inclusion of Africanist perspectives, philosophy, and mythology while emphasizing the potential for and process of psychological healing through dreamwork. Race and the Unconscious is a must-read for Jungian analysts and analytical psychologists in practice and in training, as well as anyone interested in understanding psychological processes inclusive of those of African descent and their culture, including academics and students of sociology, anthropology, African American studies, and African diaspora studies.

UBUNTU and the Word

Download UBUNTU and the Word PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : WRITEONTIME LLC
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (183 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis UBUNTU and the Word by : Rev. Corey L. Brown, MDiv

Download or read book UBUNTU and the Word written by Rev. Corey L. Brown, MDiv and published by WRITEONTIME LLC. This book was released on 2024-01-05 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A primer for Afrodiasporan theology. There is no way for one book to contain all that there is to know about the theologies of the peoples of the African Diaspora. UBUNTU and the Word is an African Diasporan quest for the truth, not just any, but the scriptural and spiritual truth for people who have been oppressed, marginalized, and disenfranchised. The biblical truth is not derived from stiff-necked doctrine or dogmatic orthodoxy. UBUNTU is the means to creating the Beloved Community. UBUNTU means "I am because you are" and "you are because I am." UBUNTU is about liberating the Bible from its white male cisgender Eurocentric hegemony. My hope is that this book will help us to develop healthier, more holistic relationships with our faith and with each other. The goals of UBUNTU and the Word are to serve as a bridge between everyday religious discourse and religious academia and to generate healthy spiritual dialogue. In turn, we will reclaim our rightful place in the Imago Dei for the Afrodiasporan tapestry that is Queer, Womanist, and "Blackity-Black." UBUNTU and the Word helps us on our biblical journey through the eyes, the mind, and the souls of the entire African Diaspora. So many people are on religious deconstruction journeys, but the problem comes in rebuilding a faith. I hope this book will provide a foundation to build again while better understanding what you believe and, most importantly, why you believe. Although rooted in the Christian faith, I hope for all Afrodiaspora members, who are even practitioners of other faiths, to find something useful within the pages of UBUNTU and the Word.

Yoga in the Black Community

Download Yoga in the Black Community PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Singing Dragon
ISBN 13 : 1839978635
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (399 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Yoga in the Black Community by : Charlene Marie Muhammad

Download or read book Yoga in the Black Community written by Charlene Marie Muhammad and published by Singing Dragon. This book was released on 2024-04-18 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the practice of yoga continues to flourish within Western Black and Brown communities, this transformative, Black culturally centered toolkit highlights the barriers that hinder access to yoga. It takes core aspects of yoga philosophy and contextualizes it within Black cultural norms, religious taboos, and historical healing practices, and teaches readers how to foster a safe haven for their clients and communities. Based on decades' worth of experience and expertise, this dynamic author duo discusses important topics such as health disparities, complementary healthcare, and the rich heritage and resilience of Black communities. This is an invaluable and practical resource that offers practices and actionable guidance and supports practitioners to explore a Black culturally centered approach to yoga whilst facilitating better health and wellbeing for Black people.

The Dreamlife of Families

Download The Dreamlife of Families PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1620556332
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (25 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Dreamlife of Families by : Edward Bruce Bynum

Download or read book The Dreamlife of Families written by Edward Bruce Bynum and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How our unconscious minds connect with our families through dreams • Shows how the connected dreamlife of families reveals itself in nightmares and unusual dreams, during critical times such as pregnancy, conflicts, and medical emergencies, and in shared, telepathic, and precognitive dreams • Explains how dreamwork can help heal our psychospiritual selves and aid in both family and couples therapy • Examines ancient dream traditions from Africa, Europe, Asia, South America, Australia, and the ancient Egyptian Mystery Schools Our dreams, the most intimate part of us, form the truest expressions of our feelings and emotional beliefs about the world. Our dreams also reflect the complex connections of our unconscious minds with those of our families and close friends, connecting us through our dreams to loved ones near and far, living and passed on. Integrating traditional dream analysis with family psychology, clinical science, and parapsychology, Edward Bruce Bynum, Ph.D., ABPP, details how our personal unconscious is interwoven into our larger family unconscious. He shows how these dreamlife connections and patterns are as old as humanity itself, exploring ancient dream traditions from around the world. He explains how the dreamlife of a family can be viewed as a shared field or hologram, where each family member is enfolded into the dreams of the other members. This shared reality reveals itself in family and personal illnesses, in nightmares and unusual dreams, and during critical times such as crisis, pregnancy, conflicts, and medical emergencies. It also reveals itself in cases of simultaneous shared dreams and telepathic and precognitive dreams, explaining why so many people have dreams in which a family member appears to say good-bye, waking the next day to discover the same loved one has passed away. Sharing clinical case studies from his Family Dream Research Project, the author shows how the intimate labyrinth of our dream lives is always flowing beneath the surface of our waking lives, shaping and influencing our relationships and our deep core experiences. He reveals how dreams can be healing factors as well as diagnostic signals, detailing how dreamwork can aid in both family and couples therapy. Showing how our family’s dreamlife connects us to our ancestors and weaves us into the messages we send to our children’s children, the author offers an opportunity to identify personal and family patterns, heal our psychospiritual selves, and grow our understanding of our own minds.