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Origine Sociale Et Comparaison Intragroupe
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Book Synopsis Origine sociale et comparaison intragroupe by : Isabelle Régner
Download or read book Origine sociale et comparaison intragroupe written by Isabelle Régner and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cette thèse a pour objectif d'examiner si les élèves d'origine sociale défavorisée, en raison du stéréotype négatif auquel ils sont confrontés à l'école, s'engagent dans des comparaisons intragroupes (i.e., comparaisons avec des élèves de même origine sociale qu'eux) à des fins d'autoprotection. Selon Croker et Major (1989), une réaction dominante chez les individus stigmatisés consiste à restreindre leur environnement comparatif aux individus partageant le même stigmate qu'eux, afin d'éviter les conséquences défavorables d'une confrontation aux individus non stigmatisés qui, par définition, obtiennent des résultats supérieurs aux leurs. 2 études pilotes ont permis de déterminer des indicateurs de l'origine sociale des élèves, un terme référant à l'origine sociale et un contenu pour l'origine sociale en tant que dimension de comparaison adaptés à des élèves de 13-16 ans. Ensuite, 2 expériences ont permis de s'assurer que les élèves d'origine sociale défavorisée percevaient la relation stéréotypique entre l'origine sociale et la performance scolaire et l'utilisaient comme base de jugement. Enfin, 3 expériences s'appuyant sur le paradigme de la sélection de cibles ont étudié les préférences comparatives des élèves selon leur origine sociale (favorisée vs défavorisée) et leur niveau scolaire (élevé vs faible). Les résultats obtenus suggèrent que lorsque les élèves d'origine sociale défavorisée s'engagent dans des comparaisons intragroupes, ils le font à des fins d'autoprotection. L'assimilation ascendante est aussi apparue comme une forme alternative possible d'autoprotection pour ces élèves-là. Enfin, le critère de sélection de la cible affecte la définition de soi des élèves
Book Synopsis Dynamiques identitaires liées aux comparaisons sociales intergroupes et intragroupes by : Sébastien Chazal
Download or read book Dynamiques identitaires liées aux comparaisons sociales intergroupes et intragroupes written by Sébastien Chazal and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fondée sur les Théories de la Comparaison sociale (Festinger, 1954), de l'Identité Sociale (Tajfel, 1970) et de l'Auto-Catégorisation (Turner, 1987), cette Thèse défend l'idée de l'influence du contexte de comparaison dans la construction des perceptions et des conduites scolaires. Particulièrement, et selon le genre, le niveau d'auto-catégorisation (intergroupe vs intragroupe) modifie le concept de soi scolaire, scientifique et littéraire, le rappel de notes mais aussi les choix d'orientation (Article 1). Les filles s'évaluent comme plus douées en lettres que les garçons et les garçons comme plus doués en sciences que les filles dans un contexte intergroupe par rapport à un contexte intragroupe. Avec des mesures plus « objectives », ce pattern de résultats est identique pour les notes et s'inverse pour les choix d'orientation. Ces différences de genre se retrouvent également pour les sois agentique et relationnel dans un contexte collectif et s'estompent là aussi dans un contexte plus individuel (Article 2). Ainsi, pour des élèves en France, les différences de genre ne sont pas amoindries (Eagly & Wood, 1999), mais perdurent lorsqu'une identité collective est induite. L'auto-stéréotypie ou l'adhésion au stéréotype de l'endogroupe explique alors ces différences de genre sur les concepts de soi agentique et relationnel. De plus, dans cette étude réalisée en école d'ingénieur, la position sociale modifie les auto-perceptions des filles sur un soi scientifique dans un contexte collectif, illustrant des effets de contraste par rapport au groupe d'appartenance. Le soi collectif et non le soi individuel est guide des attitudes d'inégalités envers les groupes sociaux, mesurées par la dominance sociale et le sexisme moderne (Article 2). Les liens entre comparaison sociale et buts d'accomplissement sont alors étudiés et précisent qu'une comparaison intergroupe implique plus l'adoption de buts de performance-approche qu'une comparaison intragroupe alors que l'inverse se produit pour des buts de maîtrise (Article 3). Ces résultats seront enfin discutés au regard des questions entourant l'existence de réelles différences de genre liées au contexte, et d'identités multiples influençant différemment les cognitions et attitudes.
Book Synopsis Information Sur Les Sciences Sociales by : International Social Science Council
Download or read book Information Sur Les Sciences Sociales written by International Social Science Council and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 934 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Orangutans written by Serge A. Wich and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes one of our closest relatives, the orangutan, and the only extant great ape in Asia. It is increasingly clear that orangutan populations show extensive variation in behavioural ecology, morphology, life history, and genes. Indeed, on the strength of the latest genetic and morphological evidence, it has been proposed that orangutans actually constitute two species which diverged more than a million years ago - one on the island of Sumatra the other on Borneo, with the latter comprising three subspecies. This book has two main aims. The first is to carefully compare data from every orangutan research site, examining the differences and similarities between orangutan species, subspecies and populations. The second is to develop a theoretical framework in which these differences and similarities can be explained. To achieve these goals the editors have assembled the world's leading orangutan experts to rigorously synthesize and compare the data, quantify the similarities or differences, and seek to explain them. Orangutans is the first synthesis of orangutan biology to adopt this novel, comparative approach. It analyses and compares the latest data, developing a theoretical framework to explain morphological, life history, and behavioural variation. Intriguingly, not all behavioural differences can be attributed to ecological variation between and within the two islands; relative rates of social learning also appear to have been influential. The book also emphasizes the crucial impact of human settlement on orangutans and looks ahead to the future prospects for the survival of critically endangered natural populations.
Book Synopsis Customary Law Today by : Laurent Mayali
Download or read book Customary Law Today written by Laurent Mayali and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses current practices in customary law. It includes contributions by scholars from various legal systems (the USA, France, Israel, Canada etc.), who examine the current impacts of customary law on various aspects of private law, constitutional law, business law, international law and criminal law. In addition, the book expands the traditional concept of the rule of law, and argues that lawyers should not narrowly focus on statutory law, but should instead pay more attention to the impact of practices on “real legal life.” It states that the observation of practices calls for a stronger focus on usage, customs and traditions in our legal systems – the idea being not to replace statutory law, but to complement it with customary observations.
Book Synopsis Stereotype Threat by : Michael Inzlicht
Download or read book Stereotype Threat written by Michael Inzlicht and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 21st century has brought with it unparalleled levels of diversity in the classroom and the workforce. It is now common to see in elementary school, high school, and university classrooms, not to mention boardrooms and factory floors, a mixture of ethnicities, races, genders, and religious affiliations. But these changes in academic and economic opportunities have not directly translated into an elimination of group disparities in academic performance, career opportunities, and levels of advancement. Standard explanations for these disparities, which are vehemently debated in the scientific community and popular press, range from the view that women and minorities are genetically endowed with inferior abilities to the view that members of these demographic groups are products of environments that frustrate the development of the skills needed for success. Although these explanations differ along a continuum of nature vs. nurture, they share in common a presumption that a large chunk of our population lacks the potential to achieve academic and career success.In contrast to intractable factors like biology or upbringing, the research summarized in this book suggests that factors in one's immediate situation play a critical yet underappreciated role in temporarily suppressing the intellectual performance of women and minorities, creating an illusion of group differences in ability. Research conducted over the course of the last fifteen years suggests the mere existence of cultural stereotypes that assert the intellectual inferiority of these groups creates a threatening intellectual environment for stigmatized individuals - a climate where anything they say or do is interpreted through the lens of low expectations. This stereotype threat can ultimately interfere with intellectual functioning and academic engagement, setting the stage for later differences in educational attainment, career choice, and job advancement.
Book Synopsis Social Comparison and Social Psychology by : Serge Guimond
Download or read book Social Comparison and Social Psychology written by Serge Guimond and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description
Book Synopsis Trust and Distrust by : Ivana Markova
Download or read book Trust and Distrust written by Ivana Markova and published by IAP. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamics of trust and distrust are central to understanding modern society. These dynamics are evident at all levels of society, from the child’s relation to caregivers to the individual’s relation to the state, and they span from taken for granted trusting relationships to highly reflective and negotiated contractual interactions. The collection of papers in this book questions the diverse ways in which the concept of trust has been previously used, and advances a coherent theorisation of the socio-cultural dynamics of trust and distrust. In this volume, trust and distrust are analysed in relation to lay knowledge and situated in historical, cultural and interactional contexts. The contexts analysed include witch-hunting during the Reformation, China before and after the move to capitalism, building close personal relationships in South Korea, the representation of political corruption in Brazil, tourists bargaining for souvenirs in the Himalaya, disclosing being HIV+ in India, the historical shaping of trust in Portugal, and the role of trust and distrust in the economic development of the Baltic States. Throughout these analyses, and in associated commentaries and theoretical chapters, the focus is upon the cultural and social constitution of trust and distrust.
Book Synopsis Two Major Works by : Charles Horton Cooley
Download or read book Two Major Works written by Charles Horton Cooley and published by Glencoe, Ill., Free P. This book was released on 1909 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Corporate Governance and Economic Performance by : Klaus Gugler
Download or read book Corporate Governance and Economic Performance written by Klaus Gugler and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2001 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents evidence about corporate governance and performance in a large number of countries. It is the result of a collective research effort by the members of the European Corporate Governance Network (ECGN).
Book Synopsis Language in Late Capitalism by : Alexandre Duchêne
Download or read book Language in Late Capitalism written by Alexandre Duchêne and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the ways in which our ideas about language and identity which used to be framed in national and political terms as a matter of rights and citizenship are increasingly recast in economic terms as a matter of added value. It argues that this discursive shift is connected to specific characteristics of the globalized new economy in what can be thought of as "late capitalism". Through ten ethnographic case studies, it demonstrates the complex ways in which older nationalist ideologies which invest language with value as a source of pride get bound up with newer neoliberal ideologies which invest language with value as a source of profit. The complex interaction between these modes of mobilizing linguistic resources challenges some of our ideas about globalization, hinting that we are in a period of intensification of modernity, in which the limits of the nation-State are stretched, but not (yet) undone. At the same time, this book argues, this intensification also calls into question modernist ways of looking at language and identity, requiring a more serious engagement with capitalism and how it constitutes symbolic (including linguistic) as well as material markets.
Book Synopsis Representations of the Social by : Kay Deaux
Download or read book Representations of the Social written by Kay Deaux and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 2001-10-08 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This broad-ranging volume introduces social representation theory to a general readership, explaining how humans construct a framework of shared references which defines how we think about our world.
Book Synopsis Conventions and Structures in Economic Organization by : Olivier Favereau
Download or read book Conventions and Structures in Economic Organization written by Olivier Favereau and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book contributes to the current rapprochement between economics and sociology. It examines the fact that individuals use rules and interdependencies to forward their own interests, while living in social environments where everyone does the same. The authors argue that to construct durable organizations and viable markets, they need to be able to handle both. However, thus far, economists and sociologists have not been able to reconcile the relationship between these two types of constrains on economic activity." -- BOOK JACKET.
Download or read book PASCAL explore written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 982 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dialogical Approaches to Trust in Communication by : Per Linell
Download or read book Dialogical Approaches to Trust in Communication written by Per Linell and published by IAP. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trust has a constituent role in human societies. It has been treated as a scientific topic in many disciplines. Yet, despite the fact that trust and distrust come to life primarily in human communication and through language, it has seldom been analyzed from a communicative or linguistic perspective. This is the theme of this path-breaking volume. This volume contains 12 chapters, plus introduction and epilogue by the editors. They have been authored by leading specialists on trust in language and communication, coming from many disciplines and from different cultures and countries. Most of the authors share a conceptual basis in dialogical theories. This book is a follow-up volume to two previous volumes on trust within cultural psychology, Trust and Distrust (Marková & Gillespie, 2008) and Trust and Conflict (Marková & Gillespie, 2012). It will be of interest to anyone seriously interested in trust in societies, and in trust and distrust as displayed in communication and language.
Book Synopsis The Man Who Shocked The World by : Thomas Blass
Download or read book The Man Who Shocked The World written by Thomas Blass and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2009-02-24 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The creator of the famous "Obedience Experiments," carried out at Yale in the 1960s, and originator of the "six degrees of separation" concept, Stanley Milgram was one of the most innovative scientists of our time. In this sparkling biography-the first in-depth portrait of Milgram-Thomas Blass captures the colorful personality and pioneering work of a social psychologist who profoundly altered the way we think about human nature. Born in the Bronx in 1933, Stanley Milgram was the son of Eastern European Jews, and his powerful Obedience Experiments had obvious intellectual roots in the Holocaust. The experiments, which confirmed that "normal" people would readily inflict pain on innocent victims at the behest of an authority figure, generated a firestorm of public interest and outrage-proving, as they did, that moral beliefs were far more malleable than previously thought. But Milgram also explored other aspects of social psychology, from information overload to television violence to the notion that we live in a small world. Although he died suddenly at the height of his career, his work continues to shape the way we live and think today. Blass offers a brilliant portrait of an eccentric visionary scientist who revealed the hidden workings of our very social world.
Book Synopsis Relative Deprivation and Working Women by : Faye J. Crosby
Download or read book Relative Deprivation and Working Women written by Faye J. Crosby and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1982 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
