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Organohalide Respiring Bacteria
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Book Synopsis Organohalide-Respiring Bacteria by : Lorenz Adrian
Download or read book Organohalide-Respiring Bacteria written by Lorenz Adrian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning bacteria that use halogenated organic compounds as respiratory electron acceptors. The discovery of organohalide-respiring bacteria has expanded the range of electron acceptors used for energy conservation, and serves as a prime example of how scientific discoveries are enabling innovative engineering solutions that have transformed remediation practice. Individual chapters provide in-depth background information on the discovery, isolation, phylogeny, biochemistry, genomic features, and ecology of individual organohalide-respiring genera, including Dehalococcoides, Dehalogenimonas, Dehalobacter, Desulfitobacterium and Sulfurospirillum, as well as organohalide-respiring members of the Deltaproteobacteria. The book introduces readers to the fascinating biology of organohalide-respiring bacteria, offering a valuable resource for students, engineers and practitioners alike.
Book Synopsis Organohalide Respiration: New Findings in Metabolic Mechanisms and Bioremediation Applications by : Shanquan Wang
Download or read book Organohalide Respiration: New Findings in Metabolic Mechanisms and Bioremediation Applications written by Shanquan Wang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-05-21 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial reductive dehalogenation mediated by organohalide-respiring bacteria plays a critical role in the natural halogen cycle, representing a promising solution for removal of organohalide pollutants. This Research Topic presents many of the more recent advances that have been made in this area. Authors from leading research groups contributed to this eBook, and provided mechanistic insights into organohalide respiration, as well as their bioremediation implications, at molecular, cellular, community and system levels.
Book Synopsis Ecophysiology and Environmental Distribution of Organohalide-respiring Bacteria by :
Download or read book Ecophysiology and Environmental Distribution of Organohalide-respiring Bacteria written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Monitoring Population Dynamics Among Closely Related Organohalide Respiring Bacteria by : Koshlan Mayer-Blackwell
Download or read book Monitoring Population Dynamics Among Closely Related Organohalide Respiring Bacteria written by Koshlan Mayer-Blackwell and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proteomics of Organohalide-respiring Bacteria by : Christian Ludwig Schiffmann
Download or read book Proteomics of Organohalide-respiring Bacteria written by Christian Ludwig Schiffmann and published by . This book was released on 2019* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ecology of Organohalide-respiring Dehalococcoides Mccarty by : Burcu Şimşir
Download or read book Ecology of Organohalide-respiring Dehalococcoides Mccarty written by Burcu Şimşir and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organohalides such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichloroethene (TCE) are among the most prevalent toxic groundwater contaminants. Remediation of organohalide-contaminated sites has high priority, and efficient and cost-effective remedies are needed to prevent environment and human exposure through contaminated water. Bacterial organohalide-respiration plays a major role in organohalide detoxification. Dehalococcoides mccartyi (Dhc) are key mediators in bioremediation, since only Dhc strains have been documented in complete detoxification of chlorinated ethenes to benign ethene. Dhc depends on other microorganisms in the environment for essential growth requirements (e.g., hydrogen and vitamins). For successful implementation of the reductive dechlorination to remediate contaminated sites, microbial interactions controlling Dhc reductive dechlorination must be elucidated. The overall objective of this research was to address the key gaps in the scientific understanding of the controls over Dhc reductive dechlorination activity, including Dhc corrinoid-related interactions with other microorganisms. Detailed hydrogeological and microbial characterization of mixed chlorinated solvent contaminated Third Creek site (Knoxville, TN) attributed an important role to the creek sediment, where organohalide-respiring bacteria (e.g., Dhc and Dehalobacter) co-exist, for detoxification of contaminants. Different chlorinated solvent-amendments affected Dhc strain selection and non-dechlorinating microbial composition in enrichment cultures derived from Third Creek sediment. Corrinoid-auxotroph Dhc require corrinoid cofactor for the reductive dehalogenase enzyme systems. Microorganisms including Acetobacterium, Clostridium, Geobacter, and methanogens were identified as corrinoid-producers in the enrichment cultures. 5,6- dimethyl-benzimidazole cobamide (DMB-Cba) was the most abundant corrinoid in enrichment cultures to support Dhc reductive dechlorination. Different lower base-amendments affected Dhc reductive dechlorination rates and extents. Lower base-amendments to enrichment cultures caused a shift from production of DMB-Cba to production of corrinoids with the amended lower bases, some of which caused lower dechlorination rates. In addition, different Dhc strains became abundant with different lower base-amendment in cultures, demonstrating the role of corrinoid in Dhc strain selection. Lastly this research demonstrated that different geochemical conditions and corresponding microbial populations determined the composition and concentration of bioavailable corrinoid pools; thus directly controlling Dhc reductive dechlorination activity. The findings of this research are relevant to environmental remediation practitioners and provide valuable information for improving bioremediation strategies to achieve successful contaminated-site cleanup.
Download or read book Dehalogenation written by Max M. Häggblom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Halogenated organic compounds constitute one of the largest groups of environmental chemicals. The industrial production of new halogenated organic compounds has increased throughout the last century peaking in the 1960s, and continuing in widespread use today. Organohalides are integral to a variety of industrial applications, including use as solvents, degreasing agents, biocides, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, hydraulic and heat transfer fluids, and intermediates for chemical synthesis, to name a few. It is important to recognize the beneficial aspects of halogenated organic compounds, as well as their potentially deleterious impact on the environment and health. Recognition ofthe adverse environmental effects ofmanytypes oforganohalide compounds has led to efforts to reduce or eliminate the most problematic ones. Although organohalide compounds are typically considered to be anthropogenic industrial compounds, they have their counterpart in several thousands of natural biogenic and geogenic organohalides, representing most classes of organic chemicals. Natural sources account for a significant portion of the global organohalogen budget. This volume authored by recognized experts in the field provides a current perspective on how both natural and synthetic organohalides are formed and degraded, and how these processes are incorporated into a global halogen cycle. The focus is on microbial processes, since these play a major role both in the production and degradation, i. e. , cycling of halogenated organic compounds inthe environment. This book is organized into five parts. Part I, Introduction, provides a global perspective on the issues of organohalides and their fate in the environment.
Book Synopsis Comparative Genomics Reveal Ecophysiological Adaptations of Organohalide-respiring Bacteria by : Darlene Darlington Wagner
Download or read book Comparative Genomics Reveal Ecophysiological Adaptations of Organohalide-respiring Bacteria written by Darlene Darlington Wagner and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organohalide-respiring Bacteria (OHRB) play key roles in the reductive dehalogenation of natural organohalides and anthropogenic chlorinated contaminants. Reductive dehalogenases (RDases) catalyze the cleavage of carbon-halogen bonds, enabling respiratory energy conservation and growth. Large numbers of RDase genes, a majority lacking experimental characterization of function, are found on the genomes of OHRB. In silico genomics tools were employed to identify shared sequence features among RDase genes and proteins, predict RDase functionality, and elucidate RDase evolutionary history. These analyses showed that the RDase superfamily could be divided into proteins exported to the membrane and cytoplasmic proteins, indicating that not all RDases function in respiration. Further, Hidden Markov models (HMMs) and multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) based upon biochemically characterized RDases identified previously uncharacterized members of an RDase superfamily, delineated protein domains and amino acid motifs serving to distinguish RDases from unrelated iron-sulfur proteins. Such conserved and discriminatory features among RDases may facilitate monitoring of organohalide-degrading microbial communities or improve accuracy of genome annotation. Phylogenetic analyses of RDase superfamily sequences provided evidence of convergent evolution and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) across distinct OHRB genera. Yet, the low frequency of RDase transfer outside the genus level and the absence of RDase transfer between phyla indicate that RDases evolve primarily by vertical evolution or HGT is restricted among related OHRB strains. Polyphyletic evolutionary lineages within the RDase superfamily comprise distantly-related RDases, some exhibiting activities towards the same substrates, suggesting a longstanding history of OHRB adaptation to natural organohalides. Similar functional and phylogenetic analyses provided evidence that nitrous oxide (N2O, a potent greenhouse gas) reductase (nosZ) genes from versatile OHRB members of the Anaeromyxobacter and Desulfomonile genera comprised a nosZ sub-family evolutionarily distinct from nosZ found in non-OHRB denitrifiers. Hence, elucidation of RDase and NosZ sequence diversity may enhance the mitigation of anthropogenic organohalides and greenhouse gases (i.e., N2O), respectively. The tetrachloroethene-respiring bacterium Geobacter lovleyi strain SZ exhibited genomic features distinguishing it from non-organohalide-respiring members of the Geobacter genus, including a conjugative pilus transfer gene cluster, a chromosomal genomic island harboring two RDase genes, and a diminished set of c-type cytochrome genes. The G. lovleyi strain SZ genome also harbored a 77 kbp plasmid carrying 15 out of the 24 genes involved in biosynthesis of corrinoid, likely related to this strains ability to degrade PCE to cis-DCE in the absence of supplied corrinoid (i.e., vitamin B12). Although corrinoids are essential cofactors to RDases, the strictly organohalide-respiring Dehalococcoides mccartyi strains are corrinoid auxotrophs and depend upon uptake of extracellular corrinoids via Archaeal and Bacterial salvage pathways. A key corrinoid salvage gene in D. mccartyi, cbiZ, occurs at duplicated loci adjacent to RDase genes and appears to have been horizontally-acquired from Archaea. These comparative genome analyses highlight RDase dependencies upon corrinoids and also suggest mobile genomic elements (e.g., plasmids) are associated with organohalide respiration and corrinoid acquisition among OHRB. In summary, analyses of OHRB genomes promise to enable more complete modeling of metabolic and evolutionary processes associated with the turnover of organohalides in anoxic environments. These efforts also expand knowledge of biomarkers for monitoring OHRB activity in anoxic environments, and will improve our understanding of the fate of chlorinated contaminants.
Book Synopsis A Taxonomic, Functional, and Expression Level Analysis of Organohalide Respiring Bacteria and Auxiliary Microbial Communities Native to PCB Contaminated Sediments by : Jessica M. Ewald
Download or read book A Taxonomic, Functional, and Expression Level Analysis of Organohalide Respiring Bacteria and Auxiliary Microbial Communities Native to PCB Contaminated Sediments written by Jessica M. Ewald and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In conclusion, the work presented here provides valuable insights to the field of OHRB catalyzed PCB bioremediation. Specifically, I provided the first analysis that identified naturally occurring rdhA genes in PCB contaminated sediments, and ultimately linked those genes to Dehalococcoides spp. that harbor seven rdhA genes that belong to novel ortholog groups. Further, I demonstrated that the PCB specific biomarker genes identified in pure cultures, pcbA1, pcbA4, and pcbA5, are less abundant in environmental samples than rd14, which may serve as a more predictive biomarker gene to indicate PCB dechlorination potential. I also identified members of the Euryarchaeota, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Proteobacteria phylums as potential mediators of Dehalococcoides growth in PCB contaminated sediments through interactions that provide Dehalococcoides with cobamide cofactors. Altogether, these results provide a most thorough analysis of microbial communities in PCB contaminated sediments to date.
Book Synopsis Prokaryotic Metabolism and Physiology by : Byung Hong Kim
Download or read book Prokaryotic Metabolism and Physiology written by Byung Hong Kim and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensive and up-to-date review of key metabolic processes in bacteria and archaea and how metabolism is regulated under various conditions.
Book Synopsis Molecular Insights Into Cobalamin-dependent Enzyme Systems from Organohalide-respiring Bacteria by : Hanno Sjuts
Download or read book Molecular Insights Into Cobalamin-dependent Enzyme Systems from Organohalide-respiring Bacteria written by Hanno Sjuts and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Decoding the Organohalide-respiration Potential of Aarhus Bay Sediments by :
Download or read book Decoding the Organohalide-respiration Potential of Aarhus Bay Sediments written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pristine marine environments have been reported to contain microorganisms capable of organohalide respiration (OHR). In addition, over 5000 natural halogenated compounds were discovered recently in marine sediments, indicating the importance of the marine environment to local and global halogen cycles. We therefore started the exploration of marine sediments from Aarhus Bay for their OHR potential. To this end, sediments were incubated with a variety of halogenated compounds, followed by eco-physiological characterization of potential organohalide respiring bacteria (OHRB) through enrichment, dilution-to-extinction, phylogenomic and transcriptomic analyses.
Book Synopsis Flavin-Dependent Enzymes: Mechanisms, Structures and Applications by :
Download or read book Flavin-Dependent Enzymes: Mechanisms, Structures and Applications written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-09-21 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Enzymes, Volume 47, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on The Multipurpose Family of Oxidases, Vanillyl alcohol oxidase, Choline oxidases, Aryl alcohol oxidase, D- and L-amino acid oxidases, Sugar oxidases, Phenolic Compounds hydroxylases, Baeyer-Villiger Monooxygenases, Flavin-dependent halogenases, Flavin-dependent dehalogenases, Styrene Monooxygenases, Bacterial luciferases, Cellobiose Dehydrogenases, Prenylated flavoenzymes, Ene-reductases, Flavoenzymes in Biocatalysis. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in The Enzymes series
Book Synopsis Bioaugmentation for Groundwater Remediation by : Hans F. Stroo
Download or read book Bioaugmentation for Groundwater Remediation written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a review of the past 10 to 15 years of intensive research, development and demonstrations that have been on the forefront of developing bioaugmentation into a viable remedial technology. This volume provides both a primer on the basic microbial processes involved in bioaugmentation, as well as a thorough summary of the methodology for implementing the technology. This reference volume will serve as a valuable resource for environmental remediation professionals who seek to understand, evaluate, and implement bioaugmentation.
Book Synopsis Biodegradative Bacteria by : Hideaki Nojiri
Download or read book Biodegradative Bacteria written by Hideaki Nojiri and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodegradative Bacteria highlights the novel nature of bacterial cell functions in the field of biodegradation by putting them into three parts: (1) Genetic and genomic systems, (2) Degradative enzyme systems, and (3) Bacterial behavior in natural environmental systems. The first part of the book includes cell functions as degradative machinery, genome systems for effective degradation, and the evolution of degradative systems by mobile genetic elements. The second part deals with the structure, function, evolution, diversity, and application of degradative and related enzymes. The third part presents cell or genomic behaviors of biodegradative bacteria in natural ecosystems. Bacterial metabolic capacity, which plays an important role in the global material cycle, contributes significantly to the buffering capacity for the huge and unintended release of various chemicals. Recently, however, the prosperity and globalization of material civilization has led not only to severe local contamination by hazardous chemicals, but also to continuous increment of contaminant concentrations worldwide. To solve such urgent global issues, bacterial functions that are involved in biodegradation of hazardous chemicals have been analyzed. The term “biodegradative bacteria” refers to those bacteria that have the ability to degrade such xenobiotic (man-made) and/or hazardous chemicals. Analyses of biodegradative bacteria include diverse areas of study, such as genetics, enzymology, genomics, cell physiology, ecology, and evolutionary biology. In other words, the targets investigated in research on biodegradative bacteria include single molecules, single cell systems, bacterial consortia (interaction with surrounding microorganisms), and interaction with surrounding biotic and abiotic materials. Such complexity makes the research on biodegradative bacteria difficult but quite interesting.
Book Synopsis Novel Insights into Algal Biology and Biotechnology by : Yuval Kaye
Download or read book Novel Insights into Algal Biology and Biotechnology written by Yuval Kaye and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Microbial Physiology by :
Download or read book Advances in Microbial Physiology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-05-22 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Microbial Physiology, Volume 74, the latest release in this ongoing series, continues the long tradition of topical, important, cutting-edge reviews in microbiology. The book contains updates in the field, with comprehensive chapters covering The electrifying physiology of Geobacter bacteria 30 years on, Adaptive morphogenesis in bacteria, Bacterial energetics and respiratory metabolism, Bacteria respiration during infection, Regulation of Organohalide Respiration, Bioenergetics of Campylobacter jejuni, Formate Hydrogenlyases, Bioenergetical Aspects of the Bacterial and Archaeal Hydrogen Metabolism, and more. Contains contributions from leading authorities in microbial physiology Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field of microbial physiology
