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Oral Contraceptives Use By Young Woman Reduces Peak Bone Mass
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Book Synopsis Oral Contraceptives Use by Young Woman Reduces Peak Bone Mass by :
Download or read book Oral Contraceptives Use by Young Woman Reduces Peak Bone Mass written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the proposed studies was to determine the role that hypoandrogenemia plays in the effects of oral contraceptives (OC) on bone metabolism and peak bone mass (PBM) in young female rats. Intact, adolescent/young adult Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with: (1) placebo, (2) OC therapy, (3) OC supplemented with an androgen (methyltestosterone), or (4) anti-androgen therapy (bicalutamide) to determine the potential role that suppression of androgens plays on bone metabolism, bone architecture, and the attainment of PBM. Our specific aims were to determine: (1) If oral contraceptive steroid (OC) use leads to decreased peak bone mass in young intact female rats. Findings: OC use decreased the peak hone mass of young intact female rats. (2) If the addition of a non-aromatizable androgenic steroid to OCs prevents the detrimental effects of OC use on peak bone mass. Findings: The non-aromatizable androgenic steroid did not prevent the adverse efforts of OCs to the growing skeleton of young rats at the dose used; and (3) If the effects of OC use on peak bone mass are equivalent to the effects caused by anti-androgen use. Findings: The anti-androgen used did not mimic the adverse effect of OCs on the growing skeleton of young rats.
Book Synopsis Oral Contraceptives Use by Young Women Reduces Peak Bone Mass by :
Download or read book Oral Contraceptives Use by Young Women Reduces Peak Bone Mass written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of these studies was to determine the role that hypoandrogenemia plays in the effects of oral contraceptives (OC) on bone metabolism and peak bone mass (PBM) in young female rats. Adolescent/young adult Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 1) placebo, 2) OC, 3) OC supplemented with an androgen (methyltestosterone), or 4) an anti-androgen (bicalutamide) to determine the potential role that suppression of androgens plays on bone metabolism, bone architecture, and the attainment of PBM. Our specific aims were to determine: 1. If oral contraceptive steroid (OC) treatment leads to decreased peak bone mass in young intact female rats. Findings: OC use decreased the peak bone mass of young intact females rats. 2. If the addition of a non-aromatizable androgenic steroid to OCs prevents the detrimental effects of OC use on peak bone mass. Findings: The non
Book Synopsis Bone Health and Osteoporosis by : United States Public Health Service
Download or read book Bone Health and Osteoporosis written by United States Public Health Service and published by . This book was released on 2004-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis illustrates the large burden that bone disease places on our Nation and its citizens. Like other chronic diseases that disproportionately affect the elderly, the prevalence of bone disease and fractures is projected to increase markedly as the population ages. If these predictions come true, bone disease and fractures will have a tremendous negative impact on the future well-being of Americans. But as this report makes clear, they need not come true: by working together we can change the picture of aging in America. Osteoporosis, fractures, and other chronic diseases no longer should be thought of as an inevitable part of growing old. By focusing on prevention and lifestyle changes, including physical activity and nutrition, as well as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, Americans can avoid much of the damaging impact of bone disease and other chronic diseases. This Surgeon General's Report brings together for the first time the scientific evidence related to the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of bone disease. More importantly, it provides a framework for moving forward. The report will be another effective tool in educating Americans about how they can promote bone health throughout their lives. This first-ever Surgeon General's Report on bone health and osteoporosis provides much needed information on bone health, an often overlooked aspect of physical health. This report follows in the tradition of previous Surgeon Generals' reports by identifying the relevant scientific data, rigorously evaluating and summarizing the evidence, and determining conclusions.
Book Synopsis Oral Contraceptives and Bone Health in Female Runners by :
Download or read book Oral Contraceptives and Bone Health in Female Runners written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a two-year randomized trial of the effects of oral contraceptives on bone mass and stress fracture incidence among 151 female competitive distance runners in the age range 18-25 years. The Coordinating Center is at Stanford University and bone mass is being measured at five sites: Massachusetts General Hospital, University of California Los Angeles, University of Michigan, Stanford University/Palo Alto VA Medical Center, and Helen Hayes Hospital in West Haverstraw NY. Athletes were recruited mostly from the areas around these five clinical sites. Over the five clinical sites, 151 runners were randomized, and follow-up continues. Follow-up will be completed in 2005, and final results of the study should be available in 2006.
Book Synopsis The Female Athlete Triad by : Catherine M. Gordon
Download or read book The Female Athlete Triad written by Catherine M. Gordon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-28 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book of its kind to focus solely on the female athlete triad - its origins, its recognition, and most importantly, its management. Since the symptoms themselves cover a range of medical specialties, chapters are written by experts in a number of relevant fields - sports medicine, orthopedics, endocrinology, and pediatrics - with an eye toward overall care of the young female athlete. Additionally, each chapter includes suggestions on how to educate and communicate with young athletes and their parents, as well as trainers and coaches, on how to manage the illness outside of the direct clinical setting. The female athlete triad is often seen in sports where low body weight is emphasized, such as gymnastics, figure skating, and running, though it can appear in any sport or activity. The interrelated symptoms - eating disorders, amenorrhea, and low bone mass - exist on a spectrum of severity and are serious and potentially life-threatening if not properly treated. Psychological problems, in addition to medical ones, are not uncommon. The Female Athlete Triad: A Clinical Guide discusses all of these areas for a well-rounded and in-depth approach to the phenomenon and will be a useful reference for any clinician working with female athletes across the lifespan.
Author :IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Publisher :World Health Organization ISBN 13 : Total Pages :692 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Hormonal Contraception and Post-menopausal Hormonal Therapy by : IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans
Download or read book Hormonal Contraception and Post-menopausal Hormonal Therapy written by IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 1999 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluates evidence for an increased risk of cancer in women using combined oral contraceptives, progestogen-only hormonal contraceptives, post-menopausal estrogen therapy, and post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy. Although the carcinogenicity of these preparations has been extensively investigated, the book stresses the many complex methodological issues that must be considered when interpreting findings and weighing results. Evidence of an association between use of these preparations and positive effects on health, including a reduced risk of some cancers, is also critically assessed. The first and most extensive monograph evaluates evidence of an association between the use of combined oral contraceptives and cancer at nine sites. Concerning breast cancer, the evaluation concludes that, even if the association is causal, the excess risk for breast cancer associated with patterns of use that are typical today is very small. Studies of predominantly high-dose preparations found an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in the absence of hepatitis viruses. Citing these findings, the evaluation concludes that there is sufficient evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of combined oral contraceptives. The evaluation also found sufficient evidence for the carcinogenicity of some, but not all, combined preparations in animals. Combined oral contraceptives were classified as carcinogenic to humans. The evaluation also cites conclusive evidence that these agents have a protective effect against cancers of the ovary and endometrium. Progestogen-only contraceptives are evaluated in the second monograph, which considers the association with cancer at six sites. The evaluation found no evidence of an increased risk for breast cancer. Although the evaluation found sufficient evidence in animals for the carcinogenicity of medroxyprogesterone acetate, evidence for the carcinogenicity of progestogen-only contraceptives in humans was judged inadequate. Progestogen-only contraceptives were classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. The third monograph, on post-menopausal estrogen therapy, considers evidence of an association with cancer at eight sites. Findings from a large number of epidemiological studies indicate a small increase in the risk of breast cancer in women who have used these preparations for five years or more. Studies consistently show an association between use of post-menopausal estrogen therapy and an increased risk for endometrial cancer. Data on the association with other cancers were either inconclusive or suggested no effect on risk. The evaluation concludes that post-menopausal estrogen therapy is carcinogenic to humans. The final monograph evaluates the association between the use of post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy and cancer at four sites. The evaluation of limited data on breast cancer found an increased relative risk observed with long-term use. Data were judged insufficient to assess the effects of past use and of different progestogen compounds, doses, and treatment schedules. For endometrial cancer, the evaluation found an increase in risk relative to non-users when the progestogen was added to the cycle for 10 days or fewer. Post-menopausal estrogen-progestogen therapy was classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Concerning post-menopausal therapy in general, the book notes that evidence of carcinogenic risks must be placed in perspective of potential benefits. The prevention of osteoporotic fractures is cited as the best-established benefit. Evidence also suggests that estrogen prevents heart disease and may prevent memory loss and dementia.
Book Synopsis Body Composition and Physical Performance by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Body Composition and Physical Performance written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book surveys the entire field of body composition as it relates to performance. It includes a clear definition of terminology and a discussion of the various methods for measuring body composition. The authored papers represent a state-of-the-art review of this controversial field and address questions such as: What is a better measure of body compositionâ€"body fat or lean body mass? Does being overweight for one's height really affect performance? The book also addresses the issue of physical appearance as it relates to body fatness and performance. It includes an in-depth discussion of many of the topics of interest to those involved in sports medicine and exercise physiology.
Book Synopsis Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use by :
Download or read book Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use reviews the medical eligibility criteria for use of contraception, offering guidance on the safety and use of different methods for women and men with specific characteristics or known medical conditions. The recommendations are based on systematic reviews of available clinical and epidemiological research. It is a companion guideline to Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use. Together, these documents are intended to be used by policy-makers, program managers, and the scientific community to support national programs in the preparation of service delivery guidelines. The fourth edition of this useful resource supersedes previous editions, and has been fully updated and expanded. It includes over 86 new recommendations and 165 updates to recommendations in the previous edition. Guidance for populations with special needs is now provided, and a new annex details evidence on drug interactions from concomitant use of antiretroviral therapies and hormonal contraceptives. To assist users familiar with the third edition, new and updated recommendations are highlighted. Everyone involved in providing family planning services and contraception should have the fourth edition of Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use at hand.
Book Synopsis Reducing Stress Fracture in Physically Active Military Women by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Reducing Stress Fracture in Physically Active Military Women written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-09-22 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The incidence of stress fractures of the lower extremities during U.S. military basic training is significantly higher among female military recruits than among male recruits. The prevalence of this injury has a marked impact on the health of service personnel and imposes a significant financial burden on the military by delaying completion of the training of new recruits. In addition to lengthening training time, increasing program costs, and delaying military readiness, stress fractures may share their etiology with the longer-term risk of osteoporosis. As part of the Defense Women's Health Research Program, this book evaluates the impact of diet, genetic predisposition, and physical activity on bone mineral and calcium status in young servicewomen. It makes recommendations for reducing stress fractures and improving overall bone health through nutrition education and monitored physical training programs. The book also makes recommendations for future research to evaluate more fully the effects of fitness levels, physical activities, and other factors on stress fracture risk and bone health.
Book Synopsis Clinical Gynecology by : Eric J. Bieber
Download or read book Clinical Gynecology written by Eric J. Bieber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-23 with total page 1127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written with the busy practice in mind, this book delivers clinically focused, evidence-based gynecology guidance in a quick-reference format. It explores etiology, screening, tests, diagnosis, and treatment for a full range of gynecologic health issues. The coverage includes the full range of gynecologic malignancies, reproductive endocrinology and infertility, infectious diseases, urogynecologic problems, gynecologic concerns in children and adolescents, and surgical interventions including minimally invasive surgical procedures. Information is easy to find and absorb owing to the extensive use of full-color diagrams, algorithms, and illustrations. The new edition has been expanded to include aspects of gynecology important in international and resource-poor settings.
Author :World Health Organization. Reproductive Health and Research Publisher :World Health Organization ISBN 13 :9241562846 Total Pages :144 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (415 download)
Book Synopsis Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use by : World Health Organization. Reproductive Health and Research
Download or read book Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use written by World Health Organization. Reproductive Health and Research and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2005 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is one of two evidence-based cornerstones of the World Health Organization's (WHO) new initiative to develop and implement evidence-based guidelines for family planning. The first cornerstone, the Medical eligibility criteria for contraceptive use (third edition) published in 2004, provides guidance for who can use contraceptive methods safely. This document, the Selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use (second edition), provides guidance for how to use contraceptive methods safely and effectively once they are deemed to be medically appropriate. The recommendations contained in this document are the product of a process that culminated in an expert Working Group meeting held at the World Health Organization, Geneva, 13-16 April 2004.
Author :Andrea Giustina Publisher :Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN 13 :3805572964 Total Pages :213 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (55 download)
Book Synopsis Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis by : Andrea Giustina
Download or read book Glucocorticoid-induced Osteoporosis written by Andrea Giustina and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2002 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Osteoporosis is one of the most clinically relevant disabling chronic disease encountered in clinical practice. A common cause of osteoporosis is glucocorticoid excess, as glucocorticoids may increase bone resorption, inhibit bone formation, have indirect actions on bone by decreasing intestinal calcium absorption and induce hypercalciuria. This book presents a comprehensive overview of the effects of glucocorticoids on bone metabolism and structure and on the diagnosis and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. It aims at providing updated information on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this often dramatic complication of glucocorticoid excess. Being one of the few publications completely devoted to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis it will heighten the awareness of specialists who prescribe glucocorticoids of the clinical relevance of this treatment complication. 'Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis' is addressed to clinical experts as well as to general practitioners who will both benefit from the comprehensive and integrative view of the management of patients exposed to glucocorticoids.
Author :Jerilynn C. Prior Publisher :CeMCOR (Centre for Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation Research) ISBN 13 :0973827521 Total Pages :306 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (738 download)
Book Synopsis Estrogen's Storm Season by : Jerilynn C. Prior
Download or read book Estrogen's Storm Season written by Jerilynn C. Prior and published by CeMCOR (Centre for Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation Research). This book was released on with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Contraception and Adolescents by : Robert T. Brown
Download or read book Contraception and Adolescents written by Robert T. Brown and published by Saunders. This book was released on 2005 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue will provide an update on contraception for adolescents. The content will include an overview of contraceptive practices among adolescents with specific articles on hormonal and nonhormonal methods including barrier contraceptives, emergency contraception and the IUD. One article will address contraceptive issues for teens in the developing world. The issue will also include a review of the noncontraceptive benefits of hormonal methods and potential interactions with other medications including herbal products. Specific concerns for teens with chronic illnesses and disabilities will be discussed along with new contraceptive methods under development.
Book Synopsis Physical Activity and Bone Health by : Karim Khan
Download or read book Physical Activity and Bone Health written by Karim Khan and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2001 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an emphasis on exercise and its effect on bone, this text includes sections on basic anatomy and the physiology of the structure and function of bone as well as exercises to maintain a healthy skeleton through to old age.
Book Synopsis Contraceptive Research and Development by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Contraceptive Research and Development written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-11-04 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "contraceptive revolution" of the 1960s and 1970s introduced totally new contraceptive options and launched an era of research and product development. Yet by the late 1980s, conditions had changed and improvements in contraceptive products, while very important in relation to improved oral contraceptives, IUDs, implants, and injectables, had become primarily incremental. Is it time for a second contraceptive revolution and how might it happen? Contraceptive Research and Development explores the frontiers of science where the contraceptives of the future are likely to be found and lays out criteria for deciding where to make the next R&D investments. The book comprehensively examines today's contraceptive needs, identifies "niches" in those needs that seem most readily translatable into market terms, and scrutinizes issues that shape the market: method side effects and contraceptive failure, the challenge of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases, and the implications of the "women's agenda." Contraceptive Research and Development analyzes the response of the pharmaceutical industry to current dynamics in regulation, liability, public opinion, and the economics of the health sector and offers an integrated set of recommendations for public- and private-sector action to meet a whole new generation of demand.
Book Synopsis Use of contraception in the United States, 1982 by : Christine Bachrach
Download or read book Use of contraception in the United States, 1982 written by Christine Bachrach and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
