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Optimization Of Fast Ionic Conducting Glasses For Lithium Batteries
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Book Synopsis Optimization of Fast Ionic Conducting Glasses for Lithium Batteries by : Jason Edward Saienga
Download or read book Optimization of Fast Ionic Conducting Glasses for Lithium Batteries written by Jason Edward Saienga and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast ion conducting (FIC) sulfide glasses are ideal candidates for solid electrolytes used in Li battery applications because they have high ionic conductivity and may be tailored for extreme operating conditions through the addition of modifiers. An effort has been put forth to develop sulfide glass compositions possessing chemical stability necessary for production and thermal stability for a wide variety of applications while still retaining high ionic conductivity. A few new series of FIC glasses have been developed that have exceptional conductivities combined with high T[subscript g]s and good electrochemical stability. The structure of the glass network generally dictates the bulk properties of the glass, such as the ionic conductivity, density, thermal stability, and chemical stability. The structure of the glass network in the Li2S + GeS2 + Ga2S3 and Li2S + GeS2 + La2S3 systems was performed using Raman and Infrared spectroscopy. The effects of concentration variations of each glass component along with the effects of additional glass modifiers such as Lil and BaS can be observed with the change in bulk properties, but can be explained using the structural analysis results obtained from the Raman and IR spectroscopy. The optimized glasses have room temperature conductivities of>10−3([Omega] cm)−1 and T[subscript g]s in excess of 300°C. An increase in Ga2S3 concentration leads to the reduction of non-bridging sulfiirs in the glass thus improving the thermal stability of the glass. The substitution of La2S3 for Ga2S3 gives a slight improvement in the ionic conductivity and chemical stability of the glass. The addition of Lil is found to improve the glass formation and conductivity with only moderate decreases in the T[subscript g] (
Book Synopsis Fast Ion Transport in Solids by : B. Scrosati
Download or read book Fast Ion Transport in Solids written by B. Scrosati and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main motivation for the organization of the Advanced Research Workshop in Belgirate was the promotion of discussions on the most recent issues and the future perspectives in the field of Solid State lonics. The location was chosen on purpose since Belgirate was the place were twenty years ago, also then under the sponsorship of NATO, the very first international meeting on this important and interdisciplinary field took place. That meeting was named "Fast Ion Transport in Solids" and gathered virtually everybody at that time having been active in any aspect of motion of ions in solids. The original Belgirate Meeting made for the first time visible the technological potential related to the phenomenon of the fast ionic transport in solids and, accordingly, the field was given the name "Solid State lonics". This field is now expanded to cover a wide range of technologies which includes chemical sensors for environmental and process control, electrochromic windows, mirrors and displays, fuel cells, high performance rechargeable batteries for stationary applications and electrotraction, chemotronics, semiconductor ionics, water electrolysis cells for hydrogen economy and other applications. The main idea for holding an anniversary meeting was that of discussing the most recent issues and the future perspectives of Solid State lonics just twenty years after it has started at the same location on the lake Maggiore in North Italy.
Book Synopsis Solid State Batteries: Materials Design and Optimization by : Christian Julien
Download or read book Solid State Batteries: Materials Design and Optimization written by Christian Julien and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of solid state ionics is multidisciplinary in nature. Chemists, physicists, electrochimists, and engineers all are involved in the research and development of materials, techniques, and theoretical approaches. This science is one of the great triumphs of the second part of the 20th century. For nearly a century, development of materials for solid-state ionic technology has been restricted. During the last two decades there have been remarkable advances: more materials were discovered, modem technologies were used for characterization and optimization of ionic conduction in solids, trial and error approaches were deserted for defined predictions. During the same period fundamental theories for ion conduction in solids appeared. The large explosion of solid-state ionic material science may be considered to be due to two other influences. The first aspect is related to economy and connected with energy production, storage, and utilization. There are basic problems in industrialized countries from the economical, environmental, political, and technological points of view. The possibility of storing a large amount of utilizable energy in a comparatively small volume would make a number of non-conventional intermittent energy sources of practical convenience and cost. The second aspect is related to huge increase in international relationships between researchers and exchanges of results make considerable progress between scientists; one find many institutes joined in common search programs such as the material science networks organized by EEC in the European countries.
Book Synopsis The Electrical Properties and Chemical Durability of Fast Lithium Ion Conducting Glasses by : Shau-Lin Shue
Download or read book The Electrical Properties and Chemical Durability of Fast Lithium Ion Conducting Glasses written by Shau-Lin Shue and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recent Advances In Fast Ion Conducting Materials And Devices - Proceedings Of The 2nd Asian Conference On Solid State Ionics by : B V R Chowdari
Download or read book Recent Advances In Fast Ion Conducting Materials And Devices - Proceedings Of The 2nd Asian Conference On Solid State Ionics written by B V R Chowdari and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1990-10-23 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents:Recent Trends in Solid State Ionics (T Takahashi)Theoretical Aspects of Fast Ion Conduction in Solids (D Brinkman)Chemical Bonding and Interaction Processes in Framework Structures (P Hagenmuller)Characterization of New Ambient Temperature Lithium Polymer-Electrolyte (G C Farrington)Relaxation of Conductivity to Structure and Structural Relaxation in Ion-Conducting Glasses (C A Angell & H Senapati)Electrochemical Studies on High Tc Superconductors (L-Q Chen & X-J Huang)Light Scattering Studies on Superionic Conductor YSZ (M Ishigame et al.)and others Readership: Solid state physicists, materials scientists and condensed matter physicists.
Book Synopsis The Structural Influence on Fast Ion Conducting Chalcogenide Glasses by : Maxwell Adam Thomas Marple
Download or read book The Structural Influence on Fast Ion Conducting Chalcogenide Glasses written by Maxwell Adam Thomas Marple and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid state batteries are a safer alternative to the current liquid battery technology, although for efficient performance the solid electrolyte must have high room temperature ionic conductivity. Glassy solid electrolytes are superior alternatives to their crystalline counterparts owing to their lack of grain boundaries that can act as a source of resistance for ionic current and as potential pathways for Li dendrite growth. Chalcogenide glasses are favorable materials for solid electrolytes as they have higher ionic conductivity compared to oxides, which can be ascribed to the greater polarizability of the chalcogens and are therefore, the most likely materials to satisfy the requirements for solid state battery applications. Chalcogenide glasses are an important class of materials that are sulfides, selenides or tellurides of group IV and/or V elements, namely Ge, As, P and Si with minor concentrations of other elements such as Ga, Sb, In. These glasses have found a variety of technological applications in the fields of optoelectronics, remote sensing, memory and energy storage. The unique compositional flexibility of chalcogenide glasses in the form of continuous alloying enables tuning of their optical, electronic, thermo-mechanical and other properties. The structure of these glasses are characterized by their covalently bonded networks that largely obey the 8–N coordination rule, violation of chemical order, and structural peculiarities such as the formation of homopolar bonds, molecular and other low-dimensional structural units. All of these are expected to control a wide range of physical properties relevant to various technological applications hence complete knowledge of the atomic structure of these materials is therefore of key importance in understanding and formulating accurate predictive models. The first chapter of this dissertation details the application of high-resolution two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) and Raman spectroscopy to investigate the structure of Si[subscript x]Se[subscript 1-x] glasses as this glass-forming system forms the basis for the classic glassy Li-ion conducting chalcogenides via modification of the network by incorporation of Li2S. The results indicate that the structure of these glasses consists of a network with nearly perfect short-range chemical order, but with strong intermediate-range clustering. Initial addition of Si to Se results in cross-linking of Se chain segments with nanoclusters of corner- and edge-shared SiSe[subscript 4/2] tetrahedra. These clusters percolate via coalescence near x ≥0.2 to finally form a low-dimensional network with high molar volume, at the stoichiometric composition (x=0.33) that is composed of chains of edge-sharing tetrahedra cross-linked by corner-shared tetrahedra. This structural evolution can explain the compositional variation of the glass transition temperature and the molar volume of these glasses. The structure-property relationship for ionic conductivity in chalcogenide glasses is explored next, in a Ag-ion conducting system that has technological application in conductive bridge random access memory. Novel homogeneous glasses in the ternary system Ag2Se-Ga2Se3-GeSe2 (AGGS) are synthesized and studied using Raman, 77Se, [superscript 71/69]Ga, and 109Ag NMR spectroscopy. The structure of these glasses consists primarily of a network of corner sharing (Ga/Ge)Se[subcript 4/2] tetrahedra with a small fraction of homopolar Se-Se bonds. Compositional modification of the atomic structure follows the charge compensated network model with Ag2Se acting as a network modifier, forming non-bridging Se in glasses with Ag/Ga >1, while Ga2Se3 plays the role of an intermediate glass former. Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) reveals the ionic conductivity of the AGGS glasses to be quite high at ambient temperature, reaching up to 10−4 S/cm for glasses with the highest Ag content. Transference number measurements using the electromotive force (EMF) method as well as variable temperature 109Ag NMR line shape studies indicate that the conductivity is predominantly ionic in nature. The high ionic conductivity can be related to a heavily modified structural network that results in a potential energy landscape with many suitable hopping sites for the Ag ions. The structural characteristics and electrical properties of the AGGS glasses are used to guide the development of an analogous Li containing system. Two glass systems are investigated, the first is the stoichiometric Li2S-Ga2Se3-GeSe2 system where the Li2S content is varied to study the influence of Li concentration on ionic conductivity. The structure is characterized using Raman and one– and two– dimensional [superscript 6/7]Li, 77Se, and 71Ga NMR spectroscopy and can be described as a charge-compensated network consisting of corner sharing (Ga/Ge)(Se,S)[subscript 4/2] tetrahedra with Li acting as a network modifier, charge compensating the non-bridging Se and S. These non-bridging units are found to have the greatest influence towards maximizing ionic conductivity as they depolymerize the network and alter the Li-ion dynamics. The dc conductivity data indicate a rapid rise in Li-ion mobility with increasing temperature and, more interestingly, with Li concentration. The compositional variation of E[subscript dc] indicates the formation of a low-energy barrier (~0.35 eV) percolation pathway for Li-ion hopping through the glass network. The highest room temperature ionic conductivity of ~ 10−4 S/cm is found in the glass with the highest Li2S content, suggesting that the concentration of the Li ions, rather than their mobility, is the limiting factor for achieving high ionic conductivity in this system. Besides Li concentration, the nature of the chalcogen atoms in the network is found to have an important influence on Li mobility. This phenomenon is investigated in 40%Li2S-60%Ge(S,Se)2 glasses, as a function of the S/(S+Se) ratio. The network structure of these glasses consists of corner-sharing GeS[subscript x/2]Se[subscript (4-x)/2] tetrahedra, with S and Se being randomly distributed over all bridging and non-bridging environments. While these glasses are found to have comparable ionic conductivity that varies little with composition, the activation energy and the pre-exponential factor display a nonlinear variation with the S/(S+Se) ratio and are shown to be related to the progressive phonon softening, as Se replaces S in the mixed-chalcogen network. When taken together, these results suggest that the phonon softening of the structural network of solid electrolytes, induced via compositional modification, can be used to tune their electrical properties.
Book Synopsis Fast Ionic Conductors and Solid-Solid Interfaces Designed for Next Generation Solid-State Batteries by : Fuminori Mizuno
Download or read book Fast Ionic Conductors and Solid-Solid Interfaces Designed for Next Generation Solid-State Batteries written by Fuminori Mizuno and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Structure, Ionic Conductivity and Mobile Carrier Density in Fast Ionic Conducting Chalcogenide Glasses by :
Download or read book Structure, Ionic Conductivity and Mobile Carrier Density in Fast Ionic Conducting Chalcogenide Glasses written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of six sections. The first section gives the basic research background on the ionic conduction mechanism in glass, polarization in the glass, and the method of determining the mobile carrier density in glass. The proposed work is also included in this section. The second section is a paper that characterizes the structure of MI + M2S + (0.1 Ga2S3 + 0.9 GeS2) (M = Li, Na, K and Cs) glasses using Raman and IR spectroscopy. Since the ionic radius plays an important role in determining the ionic conductivity in glasses, the glass forming range for the addition of different alkalis into the basic glass forming system 0.1 Ga2S3 + 0.9 GeS2 was studied. The study found that the change of the alkali radius for the same nominal composition causes significant structure change to the glasses. The third section is a paper that investigates the ionic conductivity of MI + M2S + (0.1Ga2S3 + 0.9 GeS2) (M = Li, Na, K and Cs) glasses system. Corresponding to the compositional changes in these fast ionic conducting glasses, the ionic conductivity shows changes due to the induced structural changes. The ionic radius effect on the ionic conductivity in these glasses was investigated. The fourth section is a paper that examines the mobile carrier density based upon the measurements of space charge polarization. For the first time, the charge carrier number density in fast ionic conducting chalcogenide glasses was determined. The experimental impedance data were fitted using equivalent circuits and the obtained parameters were used to determine the mobile carrier density. The influence of mobile carrier density and mobility on the ionic conductivity was separated. The fifth section is a paper that studies the structures of low-alkali-content Na2S + B2S3 (x ≤ 0.2) glasses by neutron and synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Similar results were obtained both in neutron and synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments. The results provide direct structural evidence that doping B2S3 with Na2S creates a large fraction of tetrahedrally coordinated boron in the glass. The final section is the general conclusion of this thesis and the suggested future work that could be conducted to expand upon this research.
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources by : Jürgen Garche
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources written by Jürgen Garche and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-05-20 with total page 4532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Electrochemical Power Sources is a truly interdisciplinary reference for those working with batteries, fuel cells, electrolyzers, supercapacitors, and photo-electrochemical cells. With a focus on the environmental and economic impact of electrochemical power sources, this five-volume work consolidates coverage of the field and serves as an entry point to the literature for professionals and students alike. Covers the main types of power sources, including their operating principles, systems, materials, and applications Serves as a primary source of information for electrochemists, materials scientists, energy technologists, and engineers Incorporates nearly 350 articles, with timely coverage of such topics as environmental and sustainability considerations
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 946 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Science and Technology of Fast Ion Conductors by : Harry L. Tuller
Download or read book Science and Technology of Fast Ion Conductors written by Harry L. Tuller and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rediscovery of fast ion conduction in solids in the 1960's stimulated interest both in the scientific community in which the fundamentals of diffusion, order-disorder phenomena and crystal structure evaluation required re-examination, and in the technical community in which novel approaches to energy conversion and chemical sensing became possible with the introduction of the new field of "Solid State Ionics. " Because of both the novelty and the vitality of this field, it has grown rapidly in many directions. This growth has included the discovery of many new crystalline fast ion conductors, and the extension to the fields of organic and amorphous compounds. The growth has involved the extension of classical diffusion theory in an attempt to account for carrier interactions and the development of sophisticated computer models. Diffraction techniques have been refined to detect carrier distributions and anharmonic vibrations. Similar advances in the application of other techniques such as NMR, Raman, IR, and Impedance Spectroscopies to this field have also occurred. The applications of fast ion conducting solid electrolytes have also developed in many directions. High energy density Na/S batteries are now reaching the last stages of development, Li batteries are being implanted in humans for heart pacemakers, and solid state fuel cells are again being considered for future power plants. The proliferation of inexpensive microcomputers has stimulated the need for improved chemical sensors--a major application now being the zirconia auto exhaust sensor being sold by the millions each year.
Book Synopsis Lithium Ion Conducting Glasses as Solid State Electrolytes by : Margaret Jagla
Download or read book Lithium Ion Conducting Glasses as Solid State Electrolytes written by Margaret Jagla and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Novel Conductive Glass-perovskites as Solid Electrolytes in Lithium-ion Batteries by : Taiye J. Salami
Download or read book Novel Conductive Glass-perovskites as Solid Electrolytes in Lithium-ion Batteries written by Taiye J. Salami and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite commanding a huge market share of rechargeable batteries, current lithium ion batteries have safety concerns due to their use of flammable organic solvents as electrolytes. Successfully replacing the liquid electrolyte in a lithium ion battery with a solid electrolyte with comparable capability to the organic liquids would result in batteries that are safer to use, have a longer cycle life, and possess minimal self-discharge, wider operating potential and temperature window. Solid electrolytes currently have a limitation in that they do not match the ability of the organic liquids in conducting lithium ions because they almost always have ionic resistive components called grain boundaries in their microstructure. Appropriate combination of a glass with a perovskite-type ceramic that contains a lithium-ion conductive phase is shown to result in an amorphous composite having denser microstructure, better stability and no grain boundary effects. This is a pioneering breakthrough and a major upgrade to the ordinary crystalline ceramic, which, previously, had been shown to have one of the highest bulk ionic conductivity among solid electrolytes but greatly limited in application because of the much higher ionic resistance of its grain boundaries. In this research, different molar composition of glass and ceramics were melted and cooled using varying techniques, including a dual roller-quencher built from a rolling mill. A phase diagram for the mixture at different compositions was proposed and the composition giving a nucleation & growth morphology, where the lithium - ion conductive phase was the amorphous matrix was found to be one order higher in ionic conductivity than the ordinary Li0.5La0.5TiO3 perovskite-type ceramic. The results from other cooling rates and doping of the glass - ceramics with foreign ions were also reported and explained in this report.
Book Synopsis Meeting Abstracts by : Electrochemical Society. Meeting
Download or read book Meeting Abstracts written by Electrochemical Society. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Structure, Ionic Conductivity and Mobile Carrier Density in Fast Ionic Conducting Chalcogenide Glasses by : Wenlong Yao
Download or read book Structure, Ionic Conductivity and Mobile Carrier Density in Fast Ionic Conducting Chalcogenide Glasses written by Wenlong Yao and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 3140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis consists of six sections. The first section gives the basic research background on the ionic conduction mechanism in glass, polarization in the glass, and the method of determining the mobile carrier density in glass. The proposed work is also included in this section. The second section is a paper that characterizes the structure of MI + M{sub 2}S + (0.1 Ga{sub 2}S{sub 3} + 0.9 GeS{sub 2}) (M = Li, Na, K and Cs) glasses using Raman and IR spectroscopy. Since the ionic radius plays an important role in determining the ionic conductivity in glasses, the glass forming range for the addition of different alkalis into the basic glass forming system 0.1 Ga{sub 2}S{sub 3} + 0.9 GeS{sub 2} was studied. The study found that the change of the alkali radius for the same nominal composition causes significant structure change to the glasses. The third section is a paper that investigates the ionic conductivity of MI + M{sub 2}S + (0.1Ga{sub 2}S{sub 3} + 0.9 GeS{sub 2}) (M = Li, Na, K and Cs) glasses system. Corresponding to the compositional changes in these fast ionic conducting glasses, the ionic conductivity shows changes due to the induced structural changes. The ionic radius effect on the ionic conductivity in these glasses was investigated. The fourth section is a paper that examines the mobile carrier density based upon the measurements of space charge polarization. For the first time, the charge carrier number density in fast ionic conducting chalcogenide glasses was determined. The experimental impedance data were fitted using equivalent circuits and the obtained parameters were used to determine the mobile carrier density. The influence of mobile carrier density and mobility on the ionic conductivity was separated. The fifth section is a paper that studies the structures of low-alkali-content Na{sub 2}S + B{sub 2}S{sub 3} (x {le} 0.2) glasses by neutron and synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Similar results were obtained both in neutron and synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments. The results provide direct structural evidence that doping B{sub 2}S{sub 3} with Na{sub 2}S creates a large fraction of tetrahedrally coordinated boron in the glass. The final section is the general conclusion of this thesis and the suggested future work that could be conducted to expand upon this research.
Book Synopsis Liquid Electrolyte Chemistry for Lithium Metal Batteries by : Jianmin Ma
Download or read book Liquid Electrolyte Chemistry for Lithium Metal Batteries written by Jianmin Ma and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-02-09 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid Electrolyte Chemistry for Lithium Metal Batteries An of-the-moment treatment of liquid electrolytes used in lithium metal batteries Considered by many as the most-promising next-generation batteries, lithium metal batteries have grown in popularity due to their low potential and high capacity. Crucial to the development of this technology, electrolytes can provide efficient electrode electrolyte interfaces, assuring the interconversion of chemical and electrical energy. The quality of electrode electrolyte interphase, in turn, directly governs the performance of batteries. In Liquid Electrolyte Chemistry, provides a comprehensive look at the current understanding and status of research regarding liquid electrolytes for lithium metal batteries. Offering an introduction to lithium-based batteries from development history to their working mechanisms, the book further offers a glimpse at modification strategies of anode electrolyte interphases and cathode electrolytic interphases. More, by discussing the high-voltage electrolytes from their solvents—organic solvents and ionic liquids—to electrolyte additives, the text provides a thorough understanding on liquid electrolyte chemistry in the remit of lithium metal batteries. Liquid Electrolyte Chemistry for Lithium Metal Batteries readers will also find: A unique focus that reviews the development of liquid electrolytes for lithium metal batteries State-of-the-art progress and development of electrolytes for lithium metal batteries Consideration of safety, focusing the design principles of flame retardant and non-flammable electrolytes Principles and progress on low temperature and high temperature electrolytes Liquid Electrolyte Chemistry for Lithium Metal Batteries is a useful reference for electrochemists, solid state chemists, inorganic chemists, physical chemists, surface chemists, materials scientists, and the libraries that supply them.
Book Synopsis Investigation of the Non-Arrhenius Behavior of Fast Ion Conducting Glasses by : Jeremy Allen Schrooten
Download or read book Investigation of the Non-Arrhenius Behavior of Fast Ion Conducting Glasses written by Jeremy Allen Schrooten and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional glassy ion conductors exhibit Arrhenius temperature dependence of the d.c. conductivity. Recently, Kinc and Martin1 reported the discovery of a Fast Ion Conducting (FIC) glass with ionic conductivities as high as 10−2 ([Omega]-cm)−1. Surprisingly, while this is a very high conductivity for a glassy material, it is still several orders of magnitude lower than that predicted by the low temperature Arrhenius behavior. While Kinc and Martin did a through investigation of these materials at low temperatures, they did not explore the room temperature and above behavior. They proposed a simple model to explain their observed non-Arrhenius ionic conductivity, but the full study of the behavior has not been made. Several researchers have since attempted to explain the cause of the behavior observed by Kinc and Martin; however, no conclusive evidence has been given for the true origin of this behavior. Most of the models have been purely mathematical fits, with no basis in the physical world. Other researchers simply write off the observed behavior as a fluke of crystallized or phase separated samples. The present investigation looks at the high temperature behavior of the same glass compositions that Kinc and Martin looked at to determine if there is ionic conductivity saturation or perhaps even an ionic conductivity maximum. This work goes on to develop a theory that explains the observed results in a physical manner that is based on current knowledge ionic conductors and glass structure.
