Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Optimal Braking Patterns And Forces In Autonomous Safety Critical Maneuvers
Download Optimal Braking Patterns And Forces In Autonomous Safety Critical Maneuvers full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Optimal Braking Patterns And Forces In Autonomous Safety Critical Maneuvers ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Optimal Braking Patterns and Forces in Autonomous Safety-Critical Maneuvers by : Victor Fors
Download or read book Optimal Braking Patterns and Forces in Autonomous Safety-Critical Maneuvers written by Victor Fors and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-05-02 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The trend of more advanced driver-assistance features and the development toward autonomous vehicles enable new possibilities in the area of active safety. With more information available in the vehicle about the surrounding traffic and the road ahead, there is the possibility of improved active-safety systems that make use of this information for stability control in safety-critical maneuvers. Such a system could adaptively make a trade-off between controlling the longitudinal, lateral, and rotational dynamics of the vehicle in such a way that the risk of collision is minimized. To support this development, the main aim of this licentiate thesis is to provide new insights into the optimal behavior for autonomous vehicles in safety-critical situations. The knowledge gained have the potential to be used in future vehicle control systems, which can perform maneuvers at-the-limit of vehicle capabilities. Stability control of a vehicle in autonomous safety-critical at-the-limit maneuvers is analyzed by the use of optimal control. Since analytical solutions of the studied optimal control problems are intractable, they are discretized and solved numerically. A formulation of an optimization criterion depending on a single interpolation parameter is introduced, which results in a continuous family of optimal coordinated steering and braking patterns. This formulation provides several new insights into the relation between different braking patterns for vehicles in at-the-limit maneuvers. The braking patterns bridge the gap between optimal lane-keeping control and optimal yaw control, and have the potential to be used for future active-safety systems that can adapt the level of braking to the situation at hand. A new illustration named attainable force volumes is introduced, which effectively shows how the trajectory of a vehicle maneuver relates to the attainable forces over the duration of the maneuver. It is shown that the optimal behavior develops on the boundary surface of the attainable force volume. Applied to lane-keeping control, this indicates a set of control principles similar to those analytically obtained for friction-limited particle models in earlier research, but is shown to result in vehicle behavior close to the globally optimal solution also for more complex models and scenarios.
Book Synopsis Autonomous Vehicle Maneuvering at the Limit of Friction by : Victor Fors
Download or read book Autonomous Vehicle Maneuvering at the Limit of Friction written by Victor Fors and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2020-10-23 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Without a driver to fall back on, a fully self-driving car needs to be able to handle any situation it can encounter. With the perspective of future safety systems, this research studies autonomous maneuvering at the tire-road friction limit. In these situations, the dynamics is highly nonlinear, and the tire-road parameters are uncertain. To gain insights into the optimal behavior of autonomous safety-critical maneuvers, they are analyzed using optimal control. Since analytical solutions of the studied optimal control problems are intractable, they are solved numerically. An optimization formulation reveals how the optimal behavior is influenced by the total amount of braking. By studying how the optimal trajectory relates to the attainable forces throughout a maneuver, it is found that maximizing the force in a certain direction is important. This is like the analytical solutions obtained for friction-limited particle models in earlier research, and it is shown to result in vehicle behavior close to the optimal also for a more complex model. Based on the insights gained from the optimal behavior, controllers for autonomous safety maneuvers are developed. These controllers are based on using acceleration-vector references obtained from friction-limited particle models. Exploiting that the individual tire forces tend to be close to their friction limits, the desired tire slip angles are determined for a given acceleration-vector reference. This results in controllers capable of operating at the limit of friction at a low computational cost and reduces the number of vehicle parameters used. For straight-line braking, ABS can intervene to reduce the braking distance without prior information about the road friction. Inspired by this, a controller that uses the available actuation according to the least friction necessary to avoid a collision is developed, resulting in autonomous collision avoidance without any estimation of the tire–road friction. Investigating time-optimal lane changes, it is found that a simple friction-limited particle model is insufficient to determine the desired acceleration vector, but including a jerk limit to account for the yaw dynamics is sufficient. To enable a tradeoff between braking and avoidance with a more general obstacle representation, the acceleration-vector reference is computed in a receding-horizon framework. The controllers developed in this thesis show great promise with low computational cost and performance not far from that obtained offline by using numerical optimization when evaluated in high-fidelity simulation.
Book Synopsis Design and Control of Hybrid Brake-by-Wire System for Autonomous Vehicle by : Donghai Hu
Download or read book Design and Control of Hybrid Brake-by-Wire System for Autonomous Vehicle written by Donghai Hu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-22 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book establishes the models of the electric motor, the hydraulic compound brake system, and the electromagnetic and friction integrated brake system. Considering the two principles on safety and energy saving, it proposes a hybrid brake-by-wire system optimization design method and proposes the optimization method of braking force distribution in different braking modes. The methodology of the book is by using the common Lyapunov function to analyze the stability of the braking mode switching process and designs the braking mode switching controller of the hybrid braking system. The selection of materials provides readers with some guidance in the future design and control of hybrid drive-by-wire systems for autonomous vehicles
Book Synopsis Modeling of specific safety-critical driving scenarios for data synthesis in the context of autonomous driving software by : Nico Schick
Download or read book Modeling of specific safety-critical driving scenarios for data synthesis in the context of autonomous driving software written by Nico Schick and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2020-08-06 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autonomous driving is one of the key disciplines in the automotive field and currently under intensive development, especially with the objective of saving more people’s lives on the roads due to significant reductions in the number of traffic accidents. Therefore, the software components within autonomous cars must be tested efficient and precisely. One of the most challenging aspects of autonomous cars are the safety-critical driving scenarios. Their criticality has seldom been measured in terms of further forensic analysis or software solutions in the field of artificial intelligence. Therefore, data related to safety-critical driving scenarios must be obtained another way. In this context, kinematic models can be used to represent these scenes by describing the vehicle’s movements based on defined boundary constraints as well as providing synthesized data through the simulation of a model for the training and validation of the underlying machine learning algorithms, such as neural networks or generative algorithms. In this paper, three of the most significant safety-critical driving scenarios, namely emergency braking, turning, and overtaking, are modeled accordingly.
Book Synopsis Motion Planning and Safety for Autonomous Driving by : Ryan De Iaco
Download or read book Motion Planning and Safety for Autonomous Driving written by Ryan De Iaco and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis discusses two different problems in motion planning for autonomous driving. The first is the problem of optimizing a lattice planner control set for any particular autonomous driving task, with the goal of reducing planning time for that task. The driving task is encoded in the form of a dataset of trajectories executed while performing said task. In addition to improving planning time, the optimized control set should capture the driving style of the dataset. In this sense, the control set is learned from the data and is tailored to a particular task. To determine the value of control actions to add to the control set, a modified version of the Fréchet distance is used to score how useful control actions are for generating paths similar to those in the dataset. This method is then compared to the state of the art lattice planner control set optimization technique in terms of planning runtime for the learned task. The second problem is the task of extending the Responsibility-Sensitive Safety (RSS) framework by introducing swerve manoeuvres in addition to the nominal braking manoeu- vres present in the framework. This includes comparing the clearance distances required by a swerve to the braking distances in the original framework. This comparison shows that swerve manoeuvres require less distance gap in order to reach safety from a braking agent in front of the autonomous vehicle at higher speeds. For more realistic swerve manoeuvres, the kinematic bicycle model is used rather than the 2-D double integrator model consid- ered in RSS. An upper bound is then computed on the required clearance distance for a swerve manoeuvre that satisfies bicycle kinematics. A longitudinal safe following distance is then derived that is provably safe, and is shown to be lower than the following distance required by RSS at higher speeds. The use of the kinematic bicycle model is then validated by computing swerve manoeuvres with a dynamic single-track car model and Pacejka tire model, and comparing the single-track swerves to the bicycle swerves.
Book Synopsis Autonomous Vehicle Technology by : James M. Anderson
Download or read book Autonomous Vehicle Technology written by James M. Anderson and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The automotive industry appears close to substantial change engendered by “self-driving” technologies. This technology offers the possibility of significant benefits to social welfare—saving lives; reducing crashes, congestion, fuel consumption, and pollution; increasing mobility for the disabled; and ultimately improving land use. This report is intended as a guide for state and federal policymakers on the many issues that this technology raises.
Book Synopsis Brake Design and Safety by : Rudolf Limpert
Download or read book Brake Design and Safety written by Rudolf Limpert and published by SAE International. This book was released on 1999-07-16 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was written to help engineers to design safer brakes that can be operated and maintained easily. All the necessary analytical tools to study and determine the involvement of brakes in accident causation are included as well as all essential concepts, guidelines, and design checks.
Book Synopsis Autonomous Driving by : Markus Maurer
Download or read book Autonomous Driving written by Markus Maurer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-21 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users and human drivers? Where do automated vehicles fall under current legal frameworks? What risks are associated with automation and how will society respond to these risks? How will the marketplace react to automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for companies? Experts from Germany and the United States define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other road users, and choose actions that may have ethical consequences. The authors further identify expectations and concerns that will form the basis for individual and societal acceptance of autonomous driving. While the safety benefits of such vehicles are tremendous, the authors demonstrate that these benefits will only be achieved if vehicles have an appropriate safety concept at the heart of their design. Realizing the potential of automated vehicles to reorganize traffic and transform mobility of people and goods requires similar care in the design of vehicles and networks. By covering all of these topics, the book aims to provide a current, comprehensive, and scientifically sound treatment of the emerging field of “autonomous driving".
Book Synopsis Path Planning for Autonomous Vehicle by : Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid
Download or read book Path Planning for Autonomous Vehicle written by Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-10-02 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Path Planning (PP) is one of the prerequisites in ensuring safe navigation and manoeuvrability control for driverless vehicles. Due to the dynamic nature of the real world, PP needs to address changing environments and how autonomous vehicles respond to them. This book explores PP in the context of road vehicles, robots, off-road scenarios, multi-robot motion, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs ).
Book Synopsis Creating Autonomous Vehicle Systems by : Shaoshan Liu
Download or read book Creating Autonomous Vehicle Systems written by Shaoshan Liu and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first technical overview of autonomous vehicles written for a general computing and engineering audience. The authors share their practical experiences of creating autonomous vehicle systems. These systems are complex, consisting of three major subsystems: (1) algorithms for localization, perception, and planning and control; (2) client systems, such as the robotics operating system and hardware platform; and (3) the cloud platform, which includes data storage, simulation, high-definition (HD) mapping, and deep learning model training. The algorithm subsystem extracts meaningful information from sensor raw data to understand its environment and make decisions about its actions. The client subsystem integrates these algorithms to meet real-time and reliability requirements. The cloud platform provides offline computing and storage capabilities for autonomous vehicles. Using the cloud platform, we are able to test new algorithms and update the HD map—plus, train better recognition, tracking, and decision models. This book consists of nine chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of autonomous vehicle systems; Chapter 2 focuses on localization technologies; Chapter 3 discusses traditional techniques used for perception; Chapter 4 discusses deep learning based techniques for perception; Chapter 5 introduces the planning and control sub-system, especially prediction and routing technologies; Chapter 6 focuses on motion planning and feedback control of the planning and control subsystem; Chapter 7 introduces reinforcement learning-based planning and control; Chapter 8 delves into the details of client systems design; and Chapter 9 provides the details of cloud platforms for autonomous driving. This book should be useful to students, researchers, and practitioners alike. Whether you are an undergraduate or a graduate student interested in autonomous driving, you will find herein a comprehensive overview of the whole autonomous vehicle technology stack. If you are an autonomous driving practitioner, the many practical techniques introduced in this book will be of interest to you. Researchers will also find plenty of references for an effective, deeper exploration of the various technologies.
Book Synopsis Brakes, Brake Control and Driver Assistance Systems by : Konrad Reif
Download or read book Brakes, Brake Control and Driver Assistance Systems written by Konrad Reif and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-18 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Braking systems have been continuously developed and improved throughout the last years. Major milestones were the introduction of antilock braking system (ABS) and electronic stability program. This reference book provides a detailed description of braking components and how they interact in electronic braking systems.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Driver Assistance Systems by : Hermann Winner
Download or read book Handbook of Driver Assistance Systems written by Hermann Winner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fundamental work explains in detail systems for active safety and driver assistance, considering both their structure and their function. These include the well-known standard systems such as Anti-lock braking system (ABS), Electronic Stability Control (ESC) or Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). But it includes also new systems for protecting collisions protection, for changing the lane, or for convenient parking. The book aims at giving a complete picture focusing on the entire system. First, it describes the components which are necessary for assistance systems, such as sensors, actuators, mechatronic subsystems, and control elements. Then, it explains key features for the user-friendly design of human-machine interfaces between driver and assistance system. Finally, important characteristic features of driver assistance systems for particular vehicles are presented: Systems for commercial vehicles and motorcycles.
Book Synopsis Vehicle Dynamics and Control by : Rajesh Rajamani
Download or read book Vehicle Dynamics and Control written by Rajesh Rajamani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-12-21 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vehicle Dynamics and Control provides a comprehensive coverage of vehicle control systems and the dynamic models used in the development of these control systems. The control system applications covered in the book include cruise control, adaptive cruise control, ABS, automated lane keeping, automated highway systems, yaw stability control, engine control, passive, active and semi-active suspensions, tire-road friction coefficient estimation, rollover prevention, and hybrid electric vehicles. In developing the dynamic model for each application, an effort is made to both keep the model simple enough for control system design but at the same time rich enough to capture the essential features of the dynamics. A special effort has been made to explain the several different tire models commonly used in literature and to interpret them physically. In the second edition of the book, chapters on roll dynamics, rollover prevention and hybrid electric vehicles have been added, and the chapter on electronic stability control has been enhanced. The use of feedback control systems on automobiles is growing rapidly. This book is intended to serve as a useful resource to researchers who work on the development of such control systems, both in the automotive industry and at universities. The book can also serve as a textbook for a graduate level course on Vehicle Dynamics and Control.
Book Synopsis The DARPA Urban Challenge by : Martin Buehler
Download or read book The DARPA Urban Challenge written by Martin Buehler and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-11-26 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the dawn of the new millennium, robotics has undergone a major transformation in scope and dimensions. This expansion has been brought about by the maturity of the field and the advances in its related technologies. From a largely dominant industrial focus, robotics has been rapidly expanding into the challenges of the human world. The new generation of robots is expected to safely and dependably co-habitat with humans in homes, workplaces, and communities, providing support in services, entertainment, education, healthcare, manufacturing, and assistance. Beyond its impact on physical robots, the body of knowledge robotics has produced is revealing a much wider range of applications reaching across diverse research areas and scientific disciplines, such as: biomechanics, haptics, neurosciences, virtual simulation, animation, surgery, and sensor networks among others. In return, the challenges of the new emerging areas are proving an abundant source of stimulation and insights for the field of robotics. It is indeed at the intersection of disciplines that the most striking advances happen. The goal of the series of Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics (STAR) is to bring, in a timely fashion, the latest advances and developments in robotics on the basis of their significance and quality. It is our hope that the wider dissemination of research developments will stimulate more exchanges and collaborations among the research community and contribute to further advancement of this rapidly growing field.
Download or read book Vehicle Dynamics written by Reza N. Jazar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-19 with total page 1074 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is appropriate for senior undergraduate and first year graduate students in mechanical and automotive engineering. The contents in this book are presented at a theoretical-practical level. It explains vehicle dynamics concepts in detail, concentrating on their practical use. Related theorems and formal proofs are provided, as are real-life applications. Students, researchers and practicing engineers alike will appreciate the user-friendly presentation of a wealth of topics, most notably steering, handling, ride, and related components. This book also: Illustrates all key concepts with examples Includes exercises for each chapter Covers front, rear, and four wheel steering systems, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different steering schemes Includes an emphasis on design throughout the text, which provides a practical, hands-on approach
Book Synopsis Driver Expectancy in Highway Design and Traffic Operations by : Gerson J. Alexander
Download or read book Driver Expectancy in Highway Design and Traffic Operations written by Gerson J. Alexander and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expectancy relates to a driver's readiness to respond to situations, events, and information in predictable and successful ways. This report describes the concept of driver expectancy in the context of the driving task, and provides examples of expectancy and expectancy violations. It includes a procedure for identifying general and specific expectancy violations to enable engineers to develop remedial treatments to deal with expectancy problems.
Book Synopsis Vehicle Propulsion Systems by : Lino Guzzella
Download or read book Vehicle Propulsion Systems written by Lino Guzzella and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-21 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors of this text have written a comprehensive introduction to the modeling and optimization problems encountered when designing new propulsion systems for passenger cars. It is intended for persons interested in the analysis and optimization of vehicle propulsion systems. Its focus is on the control-oriented mathematical description of the physical processes and on the model-based optimization of the system structure and of the supervisory control algorithms.
