Optical Imaging Of Neocortical Dynamics

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Optical Imaging of Neocortical Dynamics

Author : Bruno Weber
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781627037853
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (378 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Imaging of Neocortical Dynamics by : Bruno Weber

Download or read book Optical Imaging of Neocortical Dynamics written by Bruno Weber and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The application of optical methods for investigating neocortical circuit dynamics has greatly expanded in recent years, providing novel insights into the fascinating world of brain function. Optical Imaging of Neocortical Dynamics presents a guide to these indispensible tools, which cover a broad range of spatiotemporal scales and a large variety of signaling aspects, ranging from voltage changes to metabolic states. This detailed volume specifically explores methods that are applied in experiments on living brains (in vivo) and that relate to functional properties on the spatial scale of cortical circuits. Beginning with an introductory section that focuses on physical fundamentals of optical imaging as well as molecular tools used for in vivo optical imaging and optogenetic control, the book continues with the most relevant methods and their applications to investigate changes in neuronal and glial activity states as well as optical imaging methods probing metabolic states. Written for the Neuromethods series, this volume contains the kind of detail and key implementation advice that ensures successful results in the lab. Practical and easy to use, Optical Imaging of Neocortical Dynamics serves as an ideal guide for researchers who aim to apply these highly valuable tools to their own neuroscientific studies.

In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function

Author : Ron D. Frostig
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 142007685X
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function by : Ron D. Frostig

Download or read book In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function written by Ron D. Frostig and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-05-06 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These are exciting times for the field of optical imaging of brain function. Rapid developments in theory and technology continue to considerably advance understanding of brain function. Reflecting changes in the field during the past five years, the second edition of In Vivo Optical Imaging of Brain Function describes state-of-the-art techniques a

Optical Imaging of Brain Function and Metabolism 2

Author : Arno Villringer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 148990056X
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Imaging of Brain Function and Metabolism 2 by : Arno Villringer

Download or read book Optical Imaging of Brain Function and Metabolism 2 written by Arno Villringer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the latest developments in optical imaging of the brain which is becoming an increasingly important functional neuroimaging method. Optical intrinsic signals offer unrivaled temporal and spatial resolution of functional measurements of the exposed brain cortex in animals and humans. Near-infrared spectroscopy and imaging ap proaches permit the noninvasive functional assessment of the human brain at bedside. Main advantages of these optical techniques are the biochemical specificity of the meas urements and the potential of measuring correlates of intracellular and intravascular oxy genation simultaneously. Recent data indicate that one may also measure a more direct correlate of neuronal activity associated with changes in light scattering. In this volume, recent technical progress of the optical method is covered as well as the physiological basis of the measurements. In simultaneous studies, near-infrared spec troscopy measurements are directly compared to other functional methods, especially PET and fMRI and examples are given for new applications of the NIRS-method. Based on re sults obtained with optical methods and other functional techniques the latest in our under standing of the coupling of neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow response is reviewed. This is an important basis for a better understanding of all functional neuroi maging methods which rely on neurovascular coupling such as PET, SPET and fMRI. Fi nally the optical method is put into the perspective of presently available functional neuroimaging methods including fMRI, PET, MEG and EEG.

Advanced Optical Methods for Brain Imaging

Author : Fu-Jen Kao
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811090203
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Optical Methods for Brain Imaging by : Fu-Jen Kao

Download or read book Advanced Optical Methods for Brain Imaging written by Fu-Jen Kao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-14 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the rapidly developing field of advanced optical methods for structural and functional brain imaging. As is known, the brain is the most poorly understood organ of a living body. It is indeed the most complex structure in the known universe and, thus, mapping of the brain has become one of the most exciting frontlines of contemporary research. Starting from the fundamentals of the brain, neurons and synapses, this book presents a streamlined and focused coverage of the core principles, theoretical and experimental approaches, and state-of-the-art applications of most of the currently used imaging methods in brain research. It presents contributions from international leaders on different photonics-based brain imaging modalities and techniques. Included are comprehensive descriptions of many of the technology driven spectacular advances made over the past few years that have allowed novel insights of the structural and functional details of neurons. The book is targeted at researchers, engineers and scientists who are working in the field of brain imaging, neuroscience and connectomics. Although this book is not intended to serve as a textbook, it will appeal to undergraduate students engaged in the specialization of brain imaging.

Analysis of the Dynamics of Temporal Relationships of Neural Activities Using Optical Imaging Data

Author : Jannetta S. Steyn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (921 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of the Dynamics of Temporal Relationships of Neural Activities Using Optical Imaging Data by : Jannetta S. Steyn

Download or read book Analysis of the Dynamics of Temporal Relationships of Neural Activities Using Optical Imaging Data written by Jannetta S. Steyn and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Use of Optical Imaging in Brain Slices from Developing Rats to Evaluate Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Large-scale Neuronal Coalitions

Author : Antoine-Scott P. Badin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Use of Optical Imaging in Brain Slices from Developing Rats to Evaluate Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Large-scale Neuronal Coalitions by : Antoine-Scott P. Badin

Download or read book Use of Optical Imaging in Brain Slices from Developing Rats to Evaluate Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Large-scale Neuronal Coalitions written by Antoine-Scott P. Badin and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Contributions of Distinct Interneuron Types to Neocortical Dynamics

Author : Ulf Knoblich
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (715 download)

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Book Synopsis Contributions of Distinct Interneuron Types to Neocortical Dynamics by : Ulf Knoblich

Download or read book Contributions of Distinct Interneuron Types to Neocortical Dynamics written by Ulf Knoblich and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhibitory interneurons are thought to play a crucial role in several features of neocortical processing, including dynamics on the timescale of milliseconds. Their anatomical and physiological characteristics are diverse, suggesting that different types regulate distinct aspects of neocortical dynamics. Interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV) and somatostatin (SOM) form two non-overlapping populations. Here, I describe computational, correlational (neurophysiological) and causal (optogenetic) studies testing the role of PV and SOM neurons in dynamic regulation of sensory processing. First, by combining extra- and intracellular recordings with optogenetic and sensory stimulation and pharmacology, we have shown that PV cells play a key role in the generation of neocortical gamma oscillations, confirming the predictions of prior theoretical and correlative studies. Following this experimental study, we used a biophysically plausible model, simulating thousands of neurons, to explore mechanisms by which these gamma oscillations shape sensory responses, and how such transformations impact signal relay to downstream neocortical areas. We found that the local increase in spike synchrony of sensory-driven responses, which occurs without decreasing spike rate, can be explained by pre- and post-stimulus inhibition acting on pyramidal and PV cells. This transformation led to increased activity downstream, constituting an increase in gain between the two regions. This putative benefit of PV-mediated inhibition for signal transmission is only realized if the strength and timing of inhibition in the downstream area is matched to the upstream source. Second, we tested the hypothesis that SOM cells impact a distinct form of dynamics, sensory adaptation, using intracellular recordings, optogenetics and sensory stimulation. In resting neocortex, we found that SOM cell activation generated inhibition in pyramidal neurons that matched that seen in in-vitro studies. Optical SOM cell activation also transformed sensory-driven responses, decreasing evoked activity. In adapted responses, optical SOM cell inactivation relieved the impact of sustained sensory input, leading to increased membrane potential and spike rate. In contrast, SOM cell inactivation had minimal impact on sensory responses in a non-adapted neocortex, supporting the prediction that this class of interneurons is only recruited when the network is in an activated state. These findings present a previously unappreciated mechanism controlling sensory adaptation.

Imaging the Brain with Optical Methods

Author : Anna W. Roe
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781441904539
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Imaging the Brain with Optical Methods by : Anna W. Roe

Download or read book Imaging the Brain with Optical Methods written by Anna W. Roe and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-04-29 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring brain function with light in vivo has become a reality. The technology 33 of detecting and interpreting patterns of reflected light has reached a degree of 34 maturity that now permits high spatial and temporal resolution visualization at both 35 the systems and cellular levels. There now exist several optical imaging methodolo- 36 gies, based on either hemodynamic changes in nervous tissue or neurally induced 37 light scattering changes, that can be used to measure ongoing activity in the brain. 38 These include the techniques of intrinsic signal optical imaging, near-infrared optical 39 imaging, fast optical imaging based on scattered light, optical imaging with voltage 40 sensitive dyes, and two-photon imaging of hemodynamic signals. The purpose of 41 this volume is to capture some of the latest applications of these methodologies to 42 the study of cerebral cortical function. 43 This volume begins with an overview and history of optical imaging and its use 44 in the study of brain function. Several chapters are devoted to the method of intrin- 45 sic signal optical imaging, a method used to record the minute changes in optical 46 absorption due to hemodynamic changes that accompanies cortical activity. Since the 47 detected hemodynamic changes are highly localized, this method has excellent 48 spatial resolution (50–100 μm ), a resolution sufficient for visualization of fundamen- 49 tal modules of cerebral cortical function.

Optical Imaging of the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxidative Metabolism in the Rat Barrel Cortex

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (631 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Imaging of the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxidative Metabolism in the Rat Barrel Cortex by :

Download or read book Optical Imaging of the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Cerebral Blood Flow and Oxidative Metabolism in the Rat Barrel Cortex written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidative metabolism and cerebral blood flow (CBF) are two of the most important measures in neuroimaging. However, results from concurrent imaging of the two with high spatial and temporal resolution have never been published. We used flavoprotein autofluorescence (AF) and laser speckle imaging (LSI) in the anaesthetized rat to map oxidative metabolism and CBF in response to single vibrissa stimulation. Autofluorescence responses reflecting oxidative metabolism demonstrated a fast increase with a delay of 0.1 s. The sign-reversed speckle contrast reflecting CBF started to rise with a delay of 0.6 s and reached its maximum 1.4 s after the stimulation offset. The fractional signal changes were 2.0% in AF and 9.7% in LSI. Pixelwise modelling revealed that CBF maps spread over an area up to 2.5-times larger than metabolic maps. The results provide evidence that the increase in cerebral oxidative metabolism in response to sensory stimulation is considerably faster and more localized than the CBF response. This suggests that future developments in functional imaging concentrating on the metabolic response promise an increased spatial resolution.

Large-scale Neocortical Dynamics and Information Processing Underlying a Sensory Decision

Author : Mohammad Sadegh Ebrahimi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Large-scale Neocortical Dynamics and Information Processing Underlying a Sensory Decision by : Mohammad Sadegh Ebrahimi

Download or read book Large-scale Neocortical Dynamics and Information Processing Underlying a Sensory Decision written by Mohammad Sadegh Ebrahimi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sensory perception is fundamentally limited by the coding accuracy of sensory neural ensembles. Although a substantial body of work suggests that populations of sensory neurons exhibit correlated fluctuations that may bound the precision of neural coding, the extent to which these fluctuations extend across multiple cortical areas and interact with sensory coding during active animal behavior remain poorly understood. To examine the impact of correlated fluctuations on information coding and communication across sensory cortical areas, we imaged the Ca2+ activity of > 21,000 individual neurons across 11 neocortical areas in mice performing a Go/No-Go visual decision-making task. Multiple neocortical areas accurately encoded the visual stimulus, as well as the animal's decision to respond. Our analysis also revealed positively correlated noise fluctuations across neural populations in multiple neocortical areas. The mean strength of these noise correlations varied as a function of time across the visual stimulus presentation, delay, and response periods of our decision-making assay. Notably, sensory cortical neurons generally exhibited noise fluctuations that were more positively correlated at the start of visual stimulation, but then less so as a decision-making trial proceeded. Our results reveal that 60% of the total power of cortical variability stems from correlated fluctuations of neural populations spanning multiple distinct cortical areas. The strongest cortical fluctuation was a decision-coding activity mode that encompassed all brain areas under observation. We also found several fluctuation modes that encoded visual stimulus information but were shared across fewer brain areas. Overall, our analyses suggest that information regarding sensory stimuli and perceptual decisions are processed and shared between cortical areas through mutually non-interfering orthogonal channels. The timing of informative activity in these channels suggests that sensory information is first processed through intercommunications between multiple sensory areas, followed by a propagation of the final decision to all cortical areas involved.

Optical Imaging in Human Disease and Biological Research

Author : Xunbin Wei
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811576270
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Imaging in Human Disease and Biological Research by : Xunbin Wei

Download or read book Optical Imaging in Human Disease and Biological Research written by Xunbin Wei and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-29 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book introduces readers to the basic principle of optical imaging technologies. Focusing on human disease diagnostics using optical imaging methods, it provides essential information for researchers in various fields and discusses the latest trends in optical imaging. In recent decades, there has been a huge increase in imaging technologies and their applications in human diseases diagnostics, including magnetic resonance imaging, x-ray computed tomography, and nuclear tomographic imaging. This book promotes further developments to extend optical imaging to a wider range of disease diagnostics. It is a valuable resource for researchers and students in the field of biomedical optics, as well as for clinicians.

Optical Imaging of Fast, Dynamic Neurophysiological Function

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 4 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Optical Imaging of Fast, Dynamic Neurophysiological Function by :

Download or read book Optical Imaging of Fast, Dynamic Neurophysiological Function written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 4 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fast evoked responses were imaged from rat dorsal medulla and whisker barrel cortex. To investigate the biophysical mechanisms involved, fast optical responses associated with isolated crustacean nerve stimulation were recorded using birefringence and scattered light. Such studies allow optimization of non-invasive imaging techniques being developed for use in humans.

Micro-, Meso- and Macro-Dynamics of the Brain

Author : György Buzsáki
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319288024
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Micro-, Meso- and Macro-Dynamics of the Brain by : György Buzsáki

Download or read book Micro-, Meso- and Macro-Dynamics of the Brain written by György Buzsáki and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-02 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together leading investigators who represent various aspects of brain dynamics with the goal of presenting state-of-the-art current progress and address future developments. The individual chapters cover several fascinating facets of contemporary neuroscience from elementary computation of neurons, mesoscopic network oscillations, internally generated assembly sequences in the service of cognition, large-scale neuronal interactions within and across systems, the impact of sleep on cognition, memory, motor-sensory integration, spatial navigation, large-scale computation and consciousness. Each of these topics require appropriate levels of analyses with sufficiently high temporal and spatial resolution of neuronal activity in both local and global networks, supplemented by models and theories to explain how different levels of brain dynamics interact with each other and how the failure of such interactions results in neurologic and mental disease. While such complex questions cannot be answered exhaustively by a dozen or so chapters, this volume offers a nice synthesis of current thinking and work-in-progress on micro-, meso- and macro- dynamics of the brain.

Handbook of Neuroengineering

Author : Nitish V. Thakor
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811655405
Total Pages : 3686 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Neuroengineering by : Nitish V. Thakor

Download or read book Handbook of Neuroengineering written by Nitish V. Thakor and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-02 with total page 3686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Handbook serves as an authoritative reference book in the field of Neuroengineering. Neuroengineering is a very exciting field that is rapidly getting established as core subject matter for research and education. The Neuroengineering field has also produced an impressive array of industry products and clinical applications. It also serves as a reference book for graduate students, research scholars and teachers. Selected sections or a compendium of chapters may be used as “reference book” for a one or two semester graduate course in Biomedical Engineering. Some academicians will construct a “textbook” out of selected sections or chapters. The Handbook is also meant as a state-of-the-art volume for researchers. Due to its comprehensive coverage, researchers in one field covered by a certain section of the Handbook would find other sections valuable sources of cross-reference for information and fertilization of interdisciplinary ideas. Industry researchers as well as clinicians using neurotechnologies will find the Handbook a single source for foundation and state-of-the-art applications in the field of Neuroengineering. Regulatory agencies, entrepreneurs, investors and legal experts can use the Handbook as a reference for their professional work as well.

Biomedical Optical Imaging

Author : James G. Fujimoto
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190287780
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomedical Optical Imaging by : James G. Fujimoto

Download or read book Biomedical Optical Imaging written by James G. Fujimoto and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-22 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomedical optical imaging is a rapidly emerging research area with widespread fundamental research and clinical applications. This book gives an overview of biomedical optical imaging with contributions from leading international research groups who have pioneered many of these techniques and applications. A unique research field spanning the microscopic to the macroscopic, biomedical optical imaging allows both structural and functional imaging. Techniques such as confocal and multiphoton microscopy provide cellular level resolution imaging in biological systems. The integration of this technology with exogenous chromophores can selectively enhance contrast for molecular targets as well as supply functional information on processes such as nerve transduction. Novel techniques integrate microscopy with state-of-the-art optics technology, and these include spectral imaging, two photon fluorescence correlation, nonlinear nanoscopy; optical coherence tomography techniques allow functional, dynamic, nanoscale, and cross-sectional visualization. Moving to the macroscopic scale, spectroscopic assessment and imaging methods such as fluorescence and light scattering can provide diagnostics of tissue pathology including neoplastic changes. Techniques using light diffusion and photon migration are a means to explore processes which occur deep inside biological tissues and organs. The integration of these techniques with exogenous probes enables molecular specific sensitivity.

Make Life Visible

Author : Yoshiaki Toyama
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811379084
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Make Life Visible by : Yoshiaki Toyama

Download or read book Make Life Visible written by Yoshiaki Toyama and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-02 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes marked advances in imaging technology that have enabled the visualization of phenomena in ways formerly believed to be completelyimpossible. These technologies have made major contributions to the elucidation of the pathology of diseases as well as to their diagnosis and therapy. The volume presents various studies from molecular imaging to clinical imaging. It also focuses on innovative, creative, advanced research that gives full play to imaging technology inthe broad sense, while exploring cross-disciplinary areas in which individual research fields interact and pursuing the development of new techniques where they fuse together. The book is separated into three parts, the first of which addresses the topic of visualizing and controlling molecules for life. Th e second part is devoted to imaging of disease mechanisms, while the final part comprises studies on the application of imaging technologies to diagnosis and therapy. Th e book contains the proceedings of the 12th Uehara International Symposium 2017, “Make Life Visible” sponsored by the Uehara Memorial Foundation and held from June 12 to 14, 2017. It is written by leading scientists in the field and is an open access publication under a CC BY 4.0 license.

Imaging in Neuroscience

Author : Fritjof Helmchen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780879699376
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (993 download)

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Book Synopsis Imaging in Neuroscience by : Fritjof Helmchen

Download or read book Imaging in Neuroscience written by Fritjof Helmchen and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As imaging technologies have revolutionized research in many areas of biology and medicine, neuroscientists have often pioneered the use of these new visualization techniques. This volume is an essential guide to discovering and implementing these techniques in the neuroscience lab.