On the Foundations of Dynamic Coalitions

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Publisher : Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin
ISBN 13 : 3798328560
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Foundations of Dynamic Coalitions by : Arbach, Youssef

Download or read book On the Foundations of Dynamic Coalitions written by Arbach, Youssef and published by Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamic Coalitions denote a temporary collaboration between different entities to achieve a common goal. A key feature that distinguishes Dynamic Coalitions from static coalitions is Dynamic Membership, where new members can join and others can leave after a coalition is set. This thesis studies workflows in Dynamic Coalitions, by analyzing their features, highlighting their unique characteristics and similarities to other workflows, and investigating their relation with Dynamic Membership. For this purpose, we use the formal model of Event Structures and extend it to faithfully model scenarios taken as use cases from healthcare. Event Structures allow for workflows modeling in general, and for modeling Dynamic Membership in Dynamic Coalitions as well through capturing the join and leave events of members. To this end, we first extend Event Structures with Dynamic Causality to address the dynamic nature of DCs. Dynamic Causality allows some events to change the causal dependencies of other events in a structure. Then, we study the expressive power of the resulting Event Structures and show that they contribute only to a specific kind of changes in workflows, namely the pre-planned changes. Second, we present Evolving Structures in order to support ad-hoc and unforeseen changes in workflows, as required by the use cases. Evolving Structures connect different Event Structures with an evolution relation which allows for changing an Event Structure during a system run. We consider different approaches to model evolution and study their equivalences. Furthermore, we show that the history of a workflow should be preserved in our case of evolution in Dynamic Coalitions, and we allow for extracting changes from an evolution to support Process Learning. Third, to capture the goals of DCs, we equip Evolving Structures with constraints concerning the reachability of a set of events that represents a goal. The former extensions allow for examining the changes and evolutions caused by members, and examining members’ contributions to goal satisfaction, through their join and leave events. Finally, we highlight many modeling features posed as requirements by the domain of our Dynamic-Coalition use cases, namely the healthcare, which are independent from the nature of Dynamic Coalitions, e.g. timing. We examine the literature of Event Structures for supporting such features, and we identify that the notion of Priority is missing in Event Structures. To this end, we add Priority to various kinds of Event Structures from the literature. Furthermore, we study the relation between priority on one side, and conjunctive causality, disjunctive causality, causal ambiguity and various kinds of conflict on the other side. Comparing to Adaptive Workflows, which are concerned with evolutions of workflows that occur as a response to changes, e.g. changes in the business environment or exceptions, this thesis shows that Dynamic-Coalition workflows are not only Adaptive but also Goal-Oriented. Besides, it adds one extra trigger for evolution in workflows—unique to Dynamic Coalitions—namely the join of new members who contribute to goal satisfaction in a Dynamic Coalition. Finally the thesis contributes to bridging the gap in modeling between theory and domain experts by supporting step-by-step modeling applied regularly in healthcare and other domains. Dynamische Koalitionen (DKen) bezeichnen eine temporäre Kollaboration zwischen verschiedenen Entitäten zum Erreichen eines gemeinsamen Ziels. Ein Schüsselaspekt, welcher dynamische Koalitionen von statischen Koalitionen unterscheidet ist die dynamische Mitgliedschaft, durch die neue Mitglieder hinzu- kommen und andere die Koalitionen verlassen können, nachdem sie entstanden ist. Diese Arbeit studiert Workflows in dynamische Koalitionen durch eine Analyse ihrer Eigenschaften, das Herausstellen ihrer einzigartigen Charakteristika und Ähnlichkeiten zu anderen Workflows und durch eine Untersuchung ihrer Beziehung zu dynamischer Mitgliedschaft. In diesem Sinne nutzen wir das formales Model der Ereignisstukturen (ESen) und erweitern es, um Fallstudien aus der Medizin angemessen zu modellieren. ESen erlauben sowohl eine generelle Workflow Modellierung als auch eine Darstellung von Eintritt- und Austrittereignissen von Mitgliedern. Zu diesem Zweck erweitern wir ESen zuerst um Dynamische Kausalität, um die dynamische Natur von DKs abzubilden. Dynamische Kausalität erlaubt bestimmten Ereignissen die kausalen Abhängigkeiten anderer Ereignissen in einer Struktur zu verändern. Dann untersuchen wir die Ausdrucksstärke der resutierenden ESen und zeigen, dass sie nur eine spezifische Art der Veränderung abbilden, die sogenannten vorgeplanten Veränderungen. Als Zweites präsentieren wir Evolving in ESen um ad-hoc- und unvorhergesehene Veränderungen zu unterstützen, wie es durch unsere Fallstudien benötigt wird. Evolving in ESen verbinden verschiedene ESen mit einer Relation, welche eine Veränderung einer ES während eines Ablaufes erlaubt. Wir ziehen verschiedene Ansätze der Modelevolution in Betracht und untersuchen ihre Äquivalenzen. Des Weiteren zeigen wir, dass in unserem Fall der Evolution in DKen die Geschichte eines Workflows erhalten bleiben muss und wir ermöglichen das Extrahieren von Veränderungen einer Evolution, um Process Learning zu unterstützen. Drittens: Um die Ziele von DKen abzubilden, fügen wir den Evolving in ESen mit Einschränkungen bezüglich der Erreichbarkeit einer Menge von Ereignissen hinzu, welche das Ziel repräsentieren. Die genannten Erweiterungen erlauben es sowohl die Änderungen und Evolutionen, die vom Mitgliedern verursacht werden als auch die Beiträge der Mitglieder zur Zielerreichung durch deren Entritt- und Austrittereignissen zu untersuchen. Schlussendlich, stellen wir viele Modellierungseigen- schaften dar, welche von den DK-Fallstudien aus der Medizin benötigt werden und unabhängig von der Natur der DKen sind, wie z.B. Timing. Wir untersuchen die Literatur zu ESen bezüglich Unterstützung für solche Eigenschaften und stellen fest, dass der Begriff Priorität in ESen fehlt. Daher fügen wir Priorität zu verschiedenen ESen aus der Literatur hinzu. Des Weiteren untersuchen wir die Beziehungen von Priorität auf zu Konjunktiver Kausalität, disjunktiver Kausalität, kausal Uneindeutigkeit und verschiedenen Formen von Konflikt. Im Vergleich zu Adaptive Workflows, welche sich mit der Evolution von Workflows beschäftigt, die als Reaktion auf Veränderungen entsteht, wie z.B. Veränderungen im Business Environment oder Exceptions, zeigt diese Arbeit das DKen nicht nur adaptiv sondern auch zielorientiert sind. Außerdem fügt sie einen zusätzlichen Auslöser für Evolution in Workflows hinzu, welcher ausschließlich DKen eigen ist: das Hinzukommen neuer Mitglieder welche zur Ziel- erreichung der DK beitragen. Zuletzt trägt diese Arbeit bei, die Lücke der Modellierung zwischen der Theorie und den Domänenexperten zu überbrücken, in dem sie eine Schritt-für-Schritt Modellierung unterstützt, welche regelmäßig in der Medizin und anderen Bereichen angewand wird.

Thinking and Working Politically in Development

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789719565260
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (652 download)

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Book Synopsis Thinking and Working Politically in Development by : John Thayer Sidel

Download or read book Thinking and Working Politically in Development written by John Thayer Sidel and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

A Game-Theoretic Perspective on Coalition Formation

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019920795X
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis A Game-Theoretic Perspective on Coalition Formation by : Debraj Ray

Download or read book A Game-Theoretic Perspective on Coalition Formation written by Debraj Ray and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-11 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing upon and extending his inaugural Lipsey Lectures, Debraj Ray looks at coalition formation from the perspective of game theory. Ray brings together developments in both cooperative and noncooperative game theory to study the analytics of coalition formation and binding agreements.

Security Management, Integrity, and Internal Control in Information Systems

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387298266
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis Security Management, Integrity, and Internal Control in Information Systems by : Steve Furnell

Download or read book Security Management, Integrity, and Internal Control in Information Systems written by Steve Furnell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-11-29 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first joint working conference between the IFIP Working Groups 11. 1 and 11. 5. We hope this joint conference will promote collaboration among researchers who focus on the security management issues and those who are interested in integrity and control of information systems. Indeed, as management at any level may be increasingly held answerable for the reliable and secure operation of the information systems and services in their respective organizations in the same manner as they are for financial aspects of the enterprise, there is an increasing need for ensuring proper standards of integrity and control in information systems in order to ensure that data, software and, ultimately, the business processes are complete, adequate and valid for intended functionality and expectations of the owner (i. e. the user organization). As organizers, we would like to thank the members of the international program committee for their review work during the paper selection process. We would also like to thank the authors of the invited papers, who added valuable contribution to this first joint working conference. Paul Dowland X. Sean Wang December 2005 Contents Preface vii Session 1 - Security Standards Information Security Standards: Adoption Drivers (Invited Paper) 1 JEAN-NOEL EZINGEARD AND DAVID BIRCHALL Data Quality Dimensions for Information Systems Security: A Theorectical Exposition (Invited Paper) 21 GURVIRENDER TEJAY, GURPREET DHILLON, AND AMITA GOYAL CHIN From XML to RDF: Syntax, Semantics, Security, and Integrity (Invited Paper) 41 C. FARKAS, V. GowADiA, A. JAIN, AND D.

Bio-inspired Computing: Theories and Applications

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811328269
Total Pages : 537 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Bio-inspired Computing: Theories and Applications by : Jianyong Qiao

Download or read book Bio-inspired Computing: Theories and Applications written by Jianyong Qiao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-17 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set (CCIS 951 and CCIS 952) constitutes the proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Bio-inspired Computing: Theories and Applications, BIC-TA 2018, held in Beijing, China, in November 2018. The 88 full papers presented in both volumes were selected from 206 submissions. The papers deal with studies abstracting computing ideas such as data structures, operations with data, ways to control operations, computing models from living phenomena or biological systems such as evolution, cells, neural networks, immune systems, swarm intelligence.

Cryptology and Network Security

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642255124
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Cryptology and Network Security by : Dongdai Lin

Download or read book Cryptology and Network Security written by Dongdai Lin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-23 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Cryptology and Network Security, CANS 2011, held in Sanya, China, in December 2011. The 18 revised full papers, presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 65 submissions. The book also includes two invited talks. The papers are organized in topical sections on symmetric cryptanalysis, symmetric ciphers, public key cryptography, protocol attacks, and privacy techniques.

Advances in Agent Communication

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540246088
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Agent Communication by : Frank Dignum

Download or read book Advances in Agent Communication written by Frank Dignum and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-01-30 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: InthisbookwepresentacollectionofpapersaroundthetopicofAgentCom- nication. The communication between agents has been one of the major topics of research in multi-agent systems. The current work can therefore build on a number of previous workshops, the proceedings of which have been published in earlier volumes in this series. The basis of this collection is the accepted s- missions of the workshop on Agent Communication Languages which was held in conjunction with the AAMAS conference in July 2003 in Melbourne. The workshop received 15 submissions of which 12 were selected for publication in this volume. Although the number of submissions was less than expected for an important area like Agent Communication there is no reason to worry that this area does not get enough attention from the agent community. First of all, the 12 selected papers are all of high quality. The high acceptance rate is only due to this high quality and not to the necessity to select a certain number of papers. Besides the high-quality workshop papers, we noticed that many papers on Agent Communication found their way to the main conference. We decided therefore to invite a number of authors to revise and extend their papers from this conference and to combine them with the workshop papers. We believe that the current collection comprises a very good and quite complete overview of the state of the art in this area of research and gives a good indication of the topics that are of major interest at the moment.

Cyberspace Safety and Security

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030373525
Total Pages : 610 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Cyberspace Safety and Security by : Jaideep Vaidya

Download or read book Cyberspace Safety and Security written by Jaideep Vaidya and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two volumes LNCS 11982 and 11983 constitute the proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Cyberspace Safety and Security, CSS 2019, held in Guangzhou, China, in December 2019. The 61 full papers and 40 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 235 submissions. The papers cover a broad range of topics in the field of cyberspace safety and security, such as authentication, access control, availability, integrity, privacy, confidentiality, dependability and sustainability issues of cyberspace. They are organized in the following topical sections: network security; system security; information security; privacy preservation; machine learning and security; cyberspace safety; big data and security; and cloud and security;

E-commerce

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Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9537619982
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (376 download)

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Book Synopsis E-commerce by : Kyeong Kang

Download or read book E-commerce written by Kyeong Kang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2010-02-01 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: E-commerce provides immense capability for connectivity through buying and selling activities all over the world. During the last two decades new concepts of business have evolved due to popularity of the Internet, providing new business opportunities for commercial organisations and they are being further influenced by user activities of newer applications of the Internet. Business transactions are made possible through a combination of secure data processing, networking technologies and interactivity functions. Business models are also subjected to continuous external forces of technological evolution, innovative solutions derived through competition, creation of legal boundaries through legislation and social change. The main purpose of this book is to provide the reader with a familiarity of the web based e- commerce environment and position them to deal confidently with a competitive global business environment. The book contains a numbers of case studies providing the reader with different perspectives in interface design, technology usage, quality measurement and performance aspects of developing web-based e-commerce.

Advances in Cryptology -- EUROCRYPT 2012

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642290108
Total Pages : 769 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Cryptology -- EUROCRYPT 2012 by : David Pointcheval

Download or read book Advances in Cryptology -- EUROCRYPT 2012 written by David Pointcheval and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-02 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 31st Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques, EUROCRYPT 2012, held in Cambgridge, UK, in April 2012. The 41 papers, presented together with 2 invited talks, were carefully reviewed and selected from 195 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on index calculus, symmetric constructions, secure computation, protocols, lossy trapdoor functions, tools, symmetric cryptanalysis, fully homomorphic encryption, asymmetric cryptanalysis, efficient reductions, public-key schemes, security models, and lattices.

Information and Communications Security

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030415791
Total Pages : 833 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Information and Communications Security by : Jianying Zhou

Download or read book Information and Communications Security written by Jianying Zhou and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-17 with total page 833 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 21th International Conference on Information and Communications Security, ICICS 2019, held in Beijing, China, in December 2019. The 47 revised full papers were carefully selected from 199 submissions. The papers are organized in topics on malware analysis and detection, IoT and CPS security enterprise network security, software security, system security, authentication, applied cryptograph internet security, machine learning security, machine learning privacy, Web security, steganography and steganalysis.

Information Security and Cryptology

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3540324240
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Information Security and Cryptology by : Dengguo Feng

Download or read book Information Security and Cryptology written by Dengguo Feng and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-12-02 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ?rst SKLOIS Conference on Information Security and Cryptography(CISC 2005) was organized by the State Key Laboratory of Information Security of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. It was held in Beijing, China, December 15-17,2005andwassponsoredbytheInstituteofSoftware,theChineseAcademy of Sciences, the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Science Foundation of China. The conference proceedings, represe- ing invited and contributed papers, are published in this volume of Springer’s Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) series. The area of research covered by CISC has been gaining importance in recent years, and a lot of fundamental, experimental and applied work has been done, advancing the state of the art. The program of CISC 2005 covered numerous ?elds of research within the general scope of the conference. The International Program Committee of the conference received a total of 196 submissions (from 21 countries). Thirty-three submissions were selected for presentation as regular papers and are part of this volume. In addition to this track, the conference also hosted a short-paper track of 32 presentations that were carefully selected as well. All submissions were reviewed by experts in the relevant areas and based on their ranking and strict selection criteria the papers were selected for the various tracks. We note that stricter criteria were applied to papers co-authored by program committee members. We further note that, obviously, no member took part in in?uencing the ranking of his or her own submissions.

Automata, Languages and Programming

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540275800
Total Pages : 1501 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Automata, Languages and Programming by : Luis Caires

Download or read book Automata, Languages and Programming written by Luis Caires and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-06-24 with total page 1501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 32nd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming, ICALP 2005, held in Lisbon, Portugal in July 2005. The 113 revised full papers presented together with abstracts of 5 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from 407 submissions. The papers address all current issues in theoretical computer science and are organized in topical sections on data structures, cryptography and complexity, cryptography and distributed systems, graph algorithms, security mechanisms, automata and formal languages, signature and message authentication, algorithmic game theory, automata and logic, computational algebra, cache-oblivious algorithms and algorithmic engineering, on-line algorithms, security protocols logic, random graphs, concurrency, encryption and related primitives, approximation algorithms, games, lower bounds, probability, algebraic computation and communication complexity, string matching and computational biology, quantum complexity, analysis and verification, geometry and load balancing, concrete complexity and codes, and model theory and model checking.

Advances in Cryptology - ASIACRYPT 2004

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540239758
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (42 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Cryptology - ASIACRYPT 2004 by : Pil Joong Lee

Download or read book Advances in Cryptology - ASIACRYPT 2004 written by Pil Joong Lee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-11-29 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Conference on the Theory and Application of Cryptology and Information Security, ASIACRYPT 2004, held at Jeju Island, Korea in December 2004. The 35 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 208 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on block ciphers, public key encryption, number theory and applications, secure computation, hash functions, key management, identification, XL algorithms, digital signatures, public key cryptanalysis, symmetric key cryptanalysis, and cryptographic protocols.

Elements of dynamic and 2-SAT programming: paths, trees, and cuts

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Publisher : Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin
ISBN 13 : 3798332096
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis Elements of dynamic and 2-SAT programming: paths, trees, and cuts by : Bentert, Matthias

Download or read book Elements of dynamic and 2-SAT programming: paths, trees, and cuts written by Bentert, Matthias and published by Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin. This book was released on 2021-11-18 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In dieser Arbeit entwickeln wir schnellere exakte Algorithmen (schneller bezüglich der Worst-Case-Laufzeit) für Spezialfälle von Graphproblemen. Diese Algorithmen beruhen größtenteils auf dynamischem Programmieren und auf 2-SAT-Programmierung. Dynamisches Programmieren beschreibt den Vorgang, ein Problem rekursiv in Unterprobleme zu zerteilen, sodass diese Unterprobleme gemeinsame Unterunterprobleme haben. Wenn diese Unterprobleme optimal gelöst wurden, dann kombiniert das dynamische Programm diese Lösungen zu einer optimalen Lösung des Ursprungsproblems. 2-SAT-Programmierung bezeichnet den Prozess, ein Problem durch eine Menge von 2-SAT-Formeln (aussagenlogische Formeln in konjunktiver Normalform, wobei jede Klausel aus maximal zwei Literalen besteht) auszudrücken. Dabei müssen erfüllende Wahrheitswertbelegungen für eine Teilmenge der 2-SAT-Formeln zu einer Lösung des Ursprungsproblems korrespondieren. Wenn eine 2-SAT-Formel erfüllbar ist, dann kann eine erfüllende Wahrheitswertbelegung in Linearzeit in der Länge der Formel berechnet werden. Wenn entsprechende 2-SAT-Formeln also in polynomieller Zeit in der Eingabegröße des Ursprungsproblems erstellt werden können, dann kann das Ursprungsproblem in polynomieller Zeit gelöst werden. Im folgenden beschreiben wir die Hauptresultate der Arbeit. Bei dem Diameter-Problem wird die größte Distanz zwischen zwei beliebigen Knoten in einem gegebenen ungerichteten Graphen gesucht. Das Ergebnis (der Durchmesser des Eingabegraphen) gehört zu den wichtigsten Parametern der Graphanalyse. In dieser Arbeit erzielen wir sowohl positive als auch negative Ergebnisse für Diameter. Wir konzentrieren uns dabei auf parametrisierte Algorithmen für Parameterkombinationen, die in vielen praktischen Anwendungen klein sind, und auf Parameter, die eine Distanz zur Trivialität messen. Bei dem Problem Length-Bounded Cut geht es darum, ob es eine Kantenmenge begrenzter Größe in einem Eingabegraphen gibt, sodass das Entfernen dieser Kanten die Distanz zwischen zwei gegebenen Knoten auf ein gegebenes Minimum erhöht. Wir bestätigen in dieser Arbeit eine Vermutung aus der wissenschaftlichen Literatur, dass Length-Bounded Cut in polynomieller Zeit in der Eingabegröße auf Einheitsintervallgraphen (Intervallgraphen, in denen jedes Intervall die gleiche Länge hat) gelöst werden kann. Der Algorithmus basiert auf dynamischem Programmieren. k-Disjoint Shortest Paths beschreibt das Problem, knotendisjunkte Pfade zwischen k gegebenen Knotenpaaren zu suchen, sodass jeder der k Pfade ein kürzester Pfad zwischen den jeweiligen Endknoten ist. Wir beschreiben ein dynamisches Programm mit einer Laufzeit n^O((k+1)!) für dieses Problem, wobei n die Anzahl der Knoten im Eingabegraphen ist. Dies zeigt, dass k-Disjoint Shortest Paths in polynomieller Zeit für jedes konstante k gelöst werden kann, was für über 20 Jahre ein ungelöstes Problem der algorithmischen Graphentheorie war. Das Problem Tree Containment fragt, ob ein gegebener phylogenetischer Baum T in einem gegebenen phylogenetischen Netzwerk N enthalten ist. Ein phylogenetisches Netzwerk (bzw. ein phylogenetischer Baum) ist ein gerichteter azyklischer Graph (bzw. ein gerichteter Baum) mit genau einer Quelle, in dem jeder Knoten höchstens eine ausgehende oder höchstens eine eingehende Kante hat und jedes Blatt eine Beschriftung trägt. Das Problem stammt aus der Bioinformatik aus dem Bereich der Suche nach dem Baums des Lebens (der Geschichte der Artenbildung). Wir führen eine neue Variante des Problems ein, die wir Soft Tree Containment nennen und die bestimmte Unsicherheitsfaktoren berücksichtigt. Wir zeigen mit Hilfe von 2-SAT-Programmierung, dass Soft Tree Containment in polynomieller Zeit gelöst werden kann, wenn N ein phylogenetischer Baum ist, in dem jeweils maximal zwei Blätter die gleiche Beschriftung tragen. Wir ergänzen dieses Ergebnis mit dem Beweis, dass Soft Tree Containment NP-schwer ist, selbst wenn N auf phylogenetische Bäume beschränkt ist, in denen jeweils maximal drei Blätter die gleiche Beschriftung tragen. Abschließend betrachten wir das Problem Reachable Object. Hierbei wird nach einer Sequenz von rationalen Tauschoperationen zwischen Agentinnen gesucht, sodass eine bestimmte Agentin ein bestimmtes Objekt erhält. Eine Tauschoperation ist rational, wenn beide an dem Tausch beteiligten Agentinnen ihr neues Objekt gegenüber dem jeweiligen alten Objekt bevorzugen. Reachable Object ist eine Verallgemeinerung des bekannten und viel untersuchten Problems Housing Market. Hierbei sind die Agentinnen in einem Graphen angeordnet und nur benachbarte Agentinnen können Objekte miteinander tauschen. Wir zeigen, dass Reachable Object NP-schwer ist, selbst wenn jede Agentin maximal drei Objekte gegenüber ihrem Startobjekt bevorzugt und dass Reachable Object polynomzeitlösbar ist, wenn jede Agentin maximal zwei Objekte gegenüber ihrem Startobjekt bevorzugt. Wir geben außerdem einen Polynomzeitalgorithmus für den Spezialfall an, in dem der Graph der Agentinnen ein Kreis ist. Dieser Polynomzeitalgorithmus basiert auf 2-SAT-Programmierung. This thesis presents faster (in terms of worst-case running times) exact algorithms for special cases of graph problems through dynamic programming and 2-SAT programming. Dynamic programming describes the procedure of breaking down a problem recursively into overlapping subproblems, that is, subproblems with common subsubproblems. Given optimal solutions to these subproblems, the dynamic program then combines them into an optimal solution for the original problem. 2-SAT programming refers to the procedure of reducing a problem to a set of 2-SAT formulas, that is, boolean formulas in conjunctive normal form in which each clause contains at most two literals. Computing whether such a formula is satisfiable (and computing a satisfying truth assignment, if one exists) takes linear time in the formula length. Hence, when satisfying truth assignments to some 2-SAT formulas correspond to a solution of the original problem and all formulas can be computed efficiently, that is, in polynomial time in the input size of the original problem, then the original problem can be solved in polynomial time. We next describe our main results. Diameter asks for the maximal distance between any two vertices in a given undirected graph. It is arguably among the most fundamental graph parameters. We provide both positive and negative parameterized results for distance-from-triviality-type parameters and parameter combinations that were observed to be small in real-world applications. In Length-Bounded Cut, we search for a bounded-size set of edges that intersects all paths between two given vertices of at most some given length. We confirm a conjecture from the literature by providing a polynomial-time algorithm for proper interval graphs which is based on dynamic programming. k-Disjoint Shortest Paths is the problem of finding (vertex-)disjoint paths between given vertex terminals such that each of these paths is a shortest path between the respective terminals. Its complexity for constant k > 2 has been an open problem for over 20 years. Using dynamic programming, we show that k-Disjoint Shortest Paths can be solved in polynomial time for each constant k. The problem Tree Containment asks whether a phylogenetic tree T is contained in a phylogenetic network N. A phylogenetic network (or tree) is a leaf-labeled single-source directed acyclic graph (or tree) in which each vertex has in-degree at most one or out-degree at most one. The problem stems from computational biology in the context of the tree of life (the history of speciation). We introduce a particular variant that resembles certain types of uncertainty in the input. We show that if each leaf label occurs at most twice in a phylogenetic tree N, then the problem can be solved in polynomial time and if labels can occur up to three times, then the problem becomes NP-hard. Lastly, Reachable Object is the problem of deciding whether there is a sequence of rational trades of objects among agents such that a given agent can obtain a certain object. A rational trade is a swap of objects between two agents where both agents profit from the swap, that is, they receive objects they prefer over the objects they trade away. This problem can be seen as a natural generalization of the well-known and well-studied Housing Market problem where the agents are arranged in a graph and only neighboring agents can trade objects. We prove a dichotomy result that states that the problem is polynomial-time solvable if each agent prefers at most two objects over its initially held object and it is NP-hard if each agent prefers at most three objects over its initially held object. We also provide a polynomial-time 2-SAT program for the case where the graph of agents is a cycle.

Access to Knowledge

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Publisher : Consumers International
ISBN 13 : 0956611745
Total Pages : 143 pages
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Book Synopsis Access to Knowledge by : Fredrick Noronha

Download or read book Access to Knowledge written by Fredrick Noronha and published by Consumers International. This book was released on 2010 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Inter-American Foundation: First Year of Operations

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Total Pages : 88 pages
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Book Synopsis Inter-American Foundation: First Year of Operations by : United States. Congress. House. Foreign Affairs

Download or read book Inter-American Foundation: First Year of Operations written by United States. Congress. House. Foreign Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: