On The Efficient Determination Of Most Near Neighbors

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On the Efficient Determination of Most Near Neighbors

Author : Mark S. Manasse
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031022963
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Efficient Determination of Most Near Neighbors by : Mark S. Manasse

Download or read book On the Efficient Determination of Most Near Neighbors written by Mark S. Manasse and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The time-worn aphorism "close only counts in horseshoes and hand grenades" is clearly inadequate. Close also counts in golf, shuffleboard, archery, darts, curling, and other games of accuracy in which hitting the precise center of the target isn't to be expected every time, or in which we can expect to be driven from the target by skilled opponents. This book is not devoted to sports discussions, but to efficient algorithms for determining pairs of closely related web pages—and a few other situations in which we have found that inexact matching is good enough — where proximity suffices. We will not, however, attempt to be comprehensive in the investigation of probabilistic algorithms, approximation algorithms, or even techniques for organizing the discovery of nearest neighbors. We are more concerned with finding nearby neighbors; if they are not particularly close by, we are not particularly interested. In thinking of when approximation is sufficient, remember the oft-told joke about two campers sitting around after dinner. They hear noises coming towards them. One of them reaches for a pair of running shoes, and starts to don them. The second then notes that even with running shoes, they cannot hope to outrun a bear, to which the first notes that most likely the bear will be satiated after catching the slower of them. We seek problems in which we don't need to be faster than the bear, just faster than the others fleeing the bear.

On The Efficient Determination of Most Near Neighbors

Author : Mark Manasse
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031022815
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis On The Efficient Determination of Most Near Neighbors by : Mark Manasse

Download or read book On The Efficient Determination of Most Near Neighbors written by Mark Manasse and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2012-11-16 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The time-worn aphorism "close only counts in horseshoes and hand-grenades" is clearly inadequate. Close also counts in golf, shuffleboard, archery, darts, curling, and other games of accuracy in which hitting the precise center of the target isn't to be expected every time, or in which we can expect to be driven from the target by skilled opponents. This lecture is not devoted to sports discussions, but to efficient algorithms for determining pairs of closely related web pages -- and a few other situations in which we have found that inexact matching is good enough; where proximity suffices. We will not, however, attempt to be comprehensive in the investigation of probabilistic algorithms, approximation algorithms, or even techniques for organizing the discovery of nearest neighbors. We are more concerned with finding nearby neighbors; if they are not particularly close by, we are not particularly interested. In thinking of when approximation is sufficient, remember the oft-told joke about two campers sitting around after dinner. They hear noises coming towards them. One of them reaches for a pair of running shoes, and starts to don them. The second then notes that even with running shoes, they cannot hope to outrun a bear, to which the first notes that most likely the bear will be satiated after catching the slower of them. We seek problems in which we don't need to be faster than the bear, just faster than the others fleeing the bear.

On the Efficient Determination of Most Near Neighbors

Author : Mark S. Manasse
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool
ISBN 13 : 9781608450886
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (58 download)

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Book Synopsis On the Efficient Determination of Most Near Neighbors by : Mark S. Manasse

Download or read book On the Efficient Determination of Most Near Neighbors written by Mark S. Manasse and published by Morgan & Claypool. This book was released on 2012 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The material in this book grew from a simple question: "We know how to easily determine whether two files are identical, but what do we know about determining whether two files are similar?" The answer was "Not much," but when a theorist gives this answer, good things often happen. Such was the case here. This book will be important to practitioners interested in this and similar questions. It contains two intertwined threads; a mathematical treatment of the problem and an engineering thread that provides extremely efficient code for obtaining the solution at scale. I recommend it highly.---Charles P. (Chuck) Thacker, Microsoft Research From de-duplication to search, billion dollar industries rely on the ability to search for keys that are "close" to a specified key. The book by Mark Manasse provides a beautiful exposition of the field. Manasse is a well-known expert who has written some of the fundamental theoretical papers in the field; better still, he has worked on real products such as AltaVista and Windows file de-duplication. Mark has the rare ability to take theoretical ideas and convert them to sound engineering. The book will appeal to developers working in the web milieu because it illuminates the details that are often missing using code snippets. It will also appeal to researchers and students because of the uniform and insightful exposition of an important area.---George Varghese, Professor, University of California, San Diego Mark Manasse, the father of micropayments, provides insight, techniques, and theory behind search---on getting not too large, not too small, but just right results. This horseshoes mini-treatise comes right from the horse's mouth as an Alta Vistan---he shows how the game was constructed by high dimensionality mapping into tractable space and time to find ringers and good outliers.---Gordon Bell, Microsoft Research

Social Monitoring for Public Health

Author : Michael J. Paul
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1681736101
Total Pages : 158 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (817 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Monitoring for Public Health by : Michael J. Paul

Download or read book Social Monitoring for Public Health written by Michael J. Paul and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2017-08-31 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public health thrives on high-quality evidence, yet acquiring meaningful data on a population remains a central challenge of public health research and practice. Social monitoring, the analysis of social media and other user-generated web data, has brought advances in the way we leverage population data to understand health. Social media offers advantages over traditional data sources, including real-time data availability, ease of access, and reduced cost. Social media allows us to ask, and answer, questions we never thought possible. This book presents an overview of the progress on uses of social monitoring to study public health over the past decade. We explain available data sources, common methods, and survey research on social monitoring in a wide range of public health areas. Our examples come from topics such as disease surveillance, behavioral medicine, and mental health, among others. We explore the limitations and concerns of these methods. Our survey of this exciting new field of data-driven research lays out future research directions.

Quantifying Research Integrity

Author : Michael Seadle
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031023064
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantifying Research Integrity by : Michael Seadle

Download or read book Quantifying Research Integrity written by Michael Seadle and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Institutions typically treat research integrity violations as black and white, right or wrong. The result is that the wide range of grayscale nuances that separate accident, carelessness, and bad practice from deliberate fraud and malpractice often get lost. This lecture looks at how to quantify the grayscale range in three kinds of research integrity violations: plagiarism, data falsification, and image manipulation. Quantification works best with plagiarism, because the essential one-to-one matching algorithms are well known and established tools for detecting when matches exist. Questions remain, however, of how many matching words of what kind in what location in which discipline constitute reasonable suspicion of fraudulent intent. Different disciplines take different perspectives on quantity and location. Quantification is harder with data falsification, because the original data are often not available, and because experimental replication remains surprisingly difficult. The same is true with image manipulation, where tools exist for detecting certain kinds of manipulations, but where the tools are also easily defeated. This lecture looks at how to prevent violations of research integrity from a pragmatic viewpoint, and at what steps can institutions and publishers take to discourage problems beyond the usual ethical admonitions. There are no simple answers, but two measures can help: the systematic use of detection tools and requiring original data and images. These alone do not suffice, but they represent a start. The scholarly community needs a better awareness of the complexity of research integrity decisions. Only an open and wide-spread international discussion can bring about a consensus on where the boundary lines are and when grayscale problems shade into black. One goal of this work is to move that discussion forward.

Researching Serendipity in Digital Information Environments

Author : Lori McCay-Peet
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031023129
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Researching Serendipity in Digital Information Environments by : Lori McCay-Peet

Download or read book Researching Serendipity in Digital Information Environments written by Lori McCay-Peet and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chance, luck, and good fortune are the usual go-to descriptors of serendipity, a phenomenon aptly often coupled with famous anecdotes of accidental discoveries in engineering and science in modern history such as penicillin, Teflon, and Post-it notes. Serendipity, however, is evident in many fields of research, in organizations, in everyday life—and there is more to it than luck implies. While the phenomenon is strongly associated with in person interactions with people, places, and things, most attention of late has focused on its preservation and facilitation within digital information environments. Serendipity's association with unexpected, positive user experiences and outcomes has spurred an interest in understanding both how current digital information environments support serendipity and how novel approaches may be developed to facilitate it. Research has sought to understand serendipity, how it is manifested in people's personality traits and behaviors, how it may be facilitated in digital information environments such as mobile applications, and its impacts on an individual, an organizational, and a wider level. Because serendipity is expressed and understood in different ways in different contexts, multiple methods have been used to study the phenomenon and evaluate digital information environments that may support it. This volume brings together different disciplinary perspectives and examines the motivations for studying serendipity, the various ways in which serendipity has been approached in the research, methodological approaches to build theory, and how it may be facilitated. Finally, a roadmap for serendipity research is drawn by integrating key points from this volume to produce a framework for the examination of serendipity in digital information environments.

Digital Libraries for Cultural Heritage

Author : Tatjana Aparac-Jelušić
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031023102
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Digital Libraries for Cultural Heritage by : Tatjana Aparac-Jelušić

Download or read book Digital Libraries for Cultural Heritage written by Tatjana Aparac-Jelušić and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: European digital libraries have existed in diverse forms and with quite different functions, priorities, and aims. However, there are some common features of European-based initiatives that are relevant to non-European communities. There are now many more challenges and changes than ever before, and the development rate of new digital libraries is ever accelerating. Delivering educational, cultural, and research resources-especially from major scientific and cultural organizations-has become a core mission of these organizations. Using these resources they will be able to investigate, educate, and elucidate, in order to promote and disseminate and to preserve civilization. Extremely important in conceptualizing the digital environment priorities in Europe was its cultural heritage and the feeling that these rich resources should be open to Europe and the global community. In this book we focus on European digitized heritage and digital culture, and its potential in the digital age. We specifically look at the EU and its approaches to digitization and digital culture, problems detected, and achievements reached, all with an emphasis on digital cultural heritage. We seek to report on important documents that were prepared on digitization; copyright and related documents; research and education in the digital libraries field under the auspices of the EU; some other European and national initiatives; and funded projects. The aim of this book is to discuss the development of digital libraries in the European context by presenting, primarily to non-European communities interested in digital libraries, the phenomena, initiatives, and developments that dominated in Europe. We describe the main projects and their outcomes, and shine a light on the number of challenges that have been inspiring new approaches, cooperative efforts, and the use of research methodology at different stages of the digital libraries development. The specific goals are reflected in the structure of the book, which can be conceived as a guide to several main topics and sub-topics. However, the author’s scope is far from being comprehensive, since the field of digital libraries is very complex and digital libraries for cultural heritage is even moreso.

Framing Privacy in Digital Collections with Ethical Decision Making

Author : Virginia Dressler
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1681734028
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (817 download)

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Book Synopsis Framing Privacy in Digital Collections with Ethical Decision Making by : Virginia Dressler

Download or read book Framing Privacy in Digital Collections with Ethical Decision Making written by Virginia Dressler and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2018-08-20 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As digital collections continue to grow, the underlying technologies to serve up content also continue to expand and develop. As such, new challenges are presented whichcontinue to test ethical ideologies in everyday environs of the practitioner. There are currently no solid guidelines or overarching codes of ethics to address such issues. The digitization of modern archival collections, in particular, presents interesting conundrums when factors of privacy are weighed and reviewed in both small and mass digitization initiatives. Ethical decision making needs to be present at the onset of project planning in digital projects of all sizes, and we also need to identify the role and responsibility of the practitioner to make more virtuous decisions on behalf of those with no voice or awareness of potential privacy breaches. In this book, notions of what constitutes private information are discussed, as is the potential presence of such information in both analog and digital collections. This book lays groundwork to introduce the topic of privacy within digital collections by providing some examples from documented real-world scenarios and making recommendations for future research. A discussion of the notion privacy as concept will be included, as well as some historical perspective (with perhaps one the most cited work on this topic, for example, Warren and Brandeis' "Right to Privacy," 1890). Concepts from the The Right to Be Forgotten case in 2014 (Google Spain SL, Google Inc. v Agencia Española de Protección de Datos, Mario Costeja González) are discussed as to how some lessons may be drawn from the response in Europe and also how European data privacy laws have been applied. The European ideologies are contrasted with the Right to Free Speech in the First Amendment in the U.S., highlighting the complexities in setting guidelines and practices revolving around privacy issues when applied to real life scenarios. Two ethical theories are explored: Consequentialism and Deontological. Finally, ethical decision making models will also be applied to our framework of digital collections. Three case studies are presented to illustrate how privacy can be defined within digital collections in some real-world examples.

Information and Human Values

Author : Kenneth Fleischmann
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1627052461
Total Pages : 101 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis Information and Human Values by : Kenneth Fleischmann

Download or read book Information and Human Values written by Kenneth Fleischmann and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2013-11-01 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to advance our understanding of the relationship between information and human values by synthesizing the complementary but typically disconnected threads in the literature, reflecting on my 15 years of research on the relationship between information and human values, advancing our intellectual understanding of the key facets of this topic, and encouraging further research to continue exploring this important and timely research topic. The book begins with an explanation of what human values are and why they are important. Next, three distinct literatures on values, information, and technology are analyzed and synthesized, including the social psychology literature on human values, the information studies literature on the core values of librarianship, and the human-computer interaction literature on value-sensitive design. After that, three detailed case studies are presented based on reflections on a wide range of research studies. The first case study focuses on the role of human values in the design and use of educational simulations. The second case study focuses on the role of human values in the design and use of computational models. The final case study explores human values in communication via, about, or using information technology. The book concludes by laying out a values and design cycle for studying values in information and presenting an agenda for further research.

The Taxobook

Author : Marjorie M.K. Hlava
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031022904
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis The Taxobook by : Marjorie M.K. Hlava

Download or read book The Taxobook written by Marjorie M.K. Hlava and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the third of a three-part series on taxonomies, and covers putting your taxonomy into use in as many ways as possible to maximize retrieval for your users. Chapter 1 suggests several items to research and consider before you start your implementation and integration process. It explores the different pieces of software that you will need for your system and what features to look for in each. Chapter 2 launches with a discussion of how taxonomy terms can be used within a workflow, connecting two—or more—taxonomies, and intelligent coordination of platforms and taxonomies. Microsoft SharePoint is a widely used and popular program, and I consider their use of taxonomies in this chapter. Following that is a discussion of taxonomies and semantic integration and then the relationship between indexing and the hierarchy of a taxonomy. Chapter 3 (“How is a Taxonomy Connected to Search?”) provides discussions and examples of putting taxonomies into use in practical applications. It discusses displaying content based on search, how taxonomy is connected to search, using a taxonomy to guide a searcher, tools for search, including search engines, crawlers and spiders, and search software, the parts of a search-capable system, and then how to assemble that search-capable system. This chapter also examines how to measure quality in search, the different kinds of search, and theories on search from several famous theoreticians—two from the 18th and 19th centuries, and two contemporary. Following that is a section on inverted files, parsing, discovery, and clustering. While you probably don’t need a comprehensive understanding of these concepts to build a solid, workable system, enough information is provided for the reader to see how they fit into the overall scheme. This chapter concludes with a look at faceted search and some possibilities for search interfaces. Chapter 4, “Implementing a Taxonomy in a Database or on a Website,” starts where many content systems really should—with the authors, or at least the people who create the content. This chapter discusses matching up various groups of related data to form connections, data visualization and text analytics, and mobile and e-commerce applications for taxonomies. Finally, Chapter 5 presents some educated guesses about the future of knowledge organization. Table of Contents: List of Figures / Preface / Acknowledgments / On Your Mark, Get Ready .... WAIT! Things to Know Before You Start the Implementation Step / Taxonomy and Thesaurus Implementation / How is a Taxonomy Connected to Search? / Implementing a Taxonomy in a Database or on a Website / What Lies Ahead for Knowledge Organization? / Glossary / End Notes / Author Biography

Digital Libraries Applications

Author : Edward A. Fox
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1627050337
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis Digital Libraries Applications by : Edward A. Fox

Download or read book Digital Libraries Applications written by Edward A. Fox and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2014-03-01 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digital libraries (DLs) have evolved since their launch in 1991 into an important type of information system, with widespread application. This volume advances that trend further by describing new research and development in the DL field that builds upon the 5S (Societies, Scenarios, Spaces, Structures, Streams) framework, which is discussed in three other DL volumes in this series.While the 5S framework may be used to describe many types of information systems, and is likely to have even broader utility and appeal, we focus here on digital libraries. Drawing upon six (Akbar, Kozievitch, Leidig, Li, Murthy, Park) completed and two (Chen, Fouh) in-process dissertations, as well as the efforts of collaborating researchers, and scores of related publications, presentations, tutorials, and reports, this book demonstrates the applicability of 5S in five digital library application areas, that also have importance in the context of the WWW, Web 2.0, and innovative information systems. By integrating surveys of the state-of-the-art, newresearch, connections with formalization, case studies, and exercises/projects, this book can serve as a textbook for those interested in computing, information, and/or library science. Chapter 1 focuses on images, explaining how they connect with information retrieval, in the context of CBIR systems. Chapter 2 gives two case studies of DLs used in education, which is one of the most common applications of digital libraries. Chapter 3 covers social networks, which are at the heart of work onWeb 2.0, explaining the construction and use of deduced graphs, that can enhance retrieval and recommendation. Chapter 4 demonstrates the value of DLs in eScience, focusing, in particular, on cyber-infrastructure for simulation. Chapter 5 surveys geospatial information in DLs, with a case study on geocoding. Given this rich content, we trust that any interested in digital libraries, or in related systems, will find this volume to be motivating, intellectually satisfying, and useful. We hope it will help move digital libraries forward into a science as well as a practice. We hope it will help build community that will address the needs of the next generation of DLs. Table of Contents: Content-Based Image Retrieval / Education / Social Networks in Digital Libraries / eScience and Simulation Digital Libraries / Geospatial Information / Bibliography

Digital Library Technologies

Author : Edward A. Fox
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031022858
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Digital Library Technologies by : Edward A. Fox

Download or read book Digital Library Technologies written by Edward A. Fox and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digital libraries (DLs) have introduced new technologies, as well as leveraging, enhancing, and integrating related technologies, since the early 1990s. These efforts have been enriched through a formal approach, e.g., the 5S (Societies, Scenarios, Spaces, Structures, Streams) framework, which is discussed in two earlier volumes in this series. This volume should help advance work not only in DLs, but also in the WWW and other information systems. Drawing upon four (Kozievitch, Murthy, Park, Yang) completed and three (Elsherbiny, Farag, Srinivasan) in-process dissertations, as well as the efforts of collaborating researchers and scores of related publications, presentations, tutorials, and reports, this book should advance the DL field with regard to at least six key technologies. By integrating surveys of the state-of-the-art, new research, connections with formalization, case studies, and exercises/projects, this book can serve as a computing or information science textbook. It can support studies in cyber-security, document management, hypertext/hypermedia, IR, knowledge management, LIS, multimedia, and machine learning. Chapter 1, with a case study on fingerprint collections, focuses on complex (composite, compound) objects, connecting DL and related work on buckets, DCC, and OAI-ORE. Chapter 2, discussing annotations, as in hypertext/hypermedia, emphasizes parts of documents, including images as well as text, managing superimposed information. The SuperIDR system, and prototype efforts with Flickr, should motivate further development and standardization related to annotation, which would benefit all DL and WWW users. Chapter 3, on ontologies, explains how they help with browsing, query expansion, focused crawling, and classification. This chapter connects DLs with the Semantic Web, and uses CTRnet as an example. Chapter 4, on (hierarchical) classification, leverages LIS theory, as well as machine learning, and is important for DLs as well as the WWW. Chapter 5, on extraction from text, covers document segmentation, as well as how to construct a database from heterogeneous collections of references (from ETDs); i.e., converting strings to canonical forms. Chapter 6 surveys the security approaches used in information systems, and explains how those approaches can apply to digital libraries which are not fully open. Given this rich content, those interested in DLs will be able to find solutions to key problems, using the right technologies and methods. We hope this book will help show how formal approaches can enhance the development of suitable technologies and how they can be better integrated with DLs and other information systems.

Information Architecture

Author : Wei Ding
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1627059067
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis Information Architecture by : Wei Ding

Download or read book Information Architecture written by Wei Ding and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2017-02-27 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information Architecture is about organizing and simplifying information, designing and integrating information spaces/systems, and creating ways for people to find and interact with information content. Its goal is to help people understand and manage information and make the right decisions accordingly. This updated and revised edition of the book looks at integrated information spaces in the web context and beyond, with a focus on putting theories and principles into practice. In the ever-changing social, organizational, and technological contexts, information architects not only design individual information spaces (e.g., websites, software applications, and mobile devices), but also tackle strategic aggregation and integration of multiple information spaces across websites, channels, modalities, and platforms. Not only do they create predetermined navigation pathways, but they also provide tools and rules for people to organize information on their own and get connected with others. Information architects work with multi-disciplinary teams to determine the user experience strategy based on user needs and business goals, and make sure the strategy gets carried out by following the user-centered design (UCD) process via close collaboration with others. Drawing on the authors’ extensive experience as HCI researchers, User Experience Design practitioners, and Information Architecture instructors, this book provides a balanced view of the IA discipline by applying theories, design principles, and guidelines to IA and UX practices. It also covers advanced topics such as iterative design, UX decision support, and global and mobile IA considerations. Major revisions include moving away from a web-centric view toward multi-channel, multi-device experiences. Concepts such as responsive design, emerging design principles, and user-centered methods such as Agile, Lean UX, and Design Thinking are discussed and related to IA processes and practices.

Transforming Technologies to Manage Our Information

Author : William Jones
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031023293
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Transforming Technologies to Manage Our Information by : William Jones

Download or read book Transforming Technologies to Manage Our Information written by William Jones and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its theme, "Our Information, Always and Forever," Part I of this book covers the basics of personal information management (PIM) including six essential activities of PIM and six (different) ways in which information can be personal to us. Part I then goes on to explore key issues that arise in the "great migration" of our information onto the Web and into a myriad of mobile devices. Part 2 provides a more focused look at technologies for managing information that promise to profoundly alter our practices of PIM and, through these practices, the way we lead our lives. Part 2 is in five chapters: - Chapter 5. Technologies of Input and Output. Technologies in support of gesture, touch, voice, and even eye movements combine to support a more natural user interface (NUI). Technologies of output include glasses and "watch" watches. Output will also increasingly be animated with options to "zoom". - Chapter 6. Technologies to Save Our Information. We can opt for "life logs" to record our experiences with increasing fidelity. What will we use these logs for? And what isn’t recorded that should be? - Chapter 7. Technologies to Search Our Information. The potential for personalized search is enormous and mostly yet to be realized. Persistent searches, situated in our information landscape, will allow us to maintain a diversity of projects and areas of interest without a need to continually switch from one to another to handle incoming information. - Chapter 8. Technologies to Structure Our Information. Structure is key if we are to keep, find, and make effective use of our information. But how best to structure? And how best to share structured information between the applications we use, with other people, and also with ourselves over time? What lessons can we draw from the failures and successes in web-based efforts to share structure? - Chapter 9. PIM Transformed and Transforming: Stories from the Past, Present and Future. Part 2 concludes with a comparison between Licklider’s world of information in 1957 and our own world of information today. And then we consider what the world of information is likely to look like in 2057. Licklider estimated that he spent 85% of his "thinking time" in activities that were clerical and mechanical and might (someday) be delegated to the computer. What percentage of our own time is spent with the clerical and mechanical? What about in 2057?

Task Intelligence for Search and Recommendation

Author : Chirag Shah
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031023269
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Task Intelligence for Search and Recommendation by : Chirag Shah

Download or read book Task Intelligence for Search and Recommendation written by Chirag Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While great strides have been made in the field of search and recommendation, there are still challenges and opportunities to address information access issues that involve solving tasks and accomplishing goals for a wide variety of users. Specifically, we lack intelligent systems that can detect not only the request an individual is making (what), but also understand and utilize the intention (why) and strategies (how) while providing information and enabling task completion. Many scholars in the fields of information retrieval, recommender systems, productivity (especially in task management and time management), and artificial intelligence have recognized the importance of extracting and understanding people's tasks and the intentions behind performing those tasks in order to serve them better. However, we are still struggling to support them in task completion, e.g., in search and assistance, and it has been challenging to move beyond single-query or single-turn interactions. The proliferation of intelligent agents has unlocked new modalities for interacting with information, but these agents will need to be able to work understanding current and future contexts and assist users at task level. This book will focus on task intelligence in the context of search and recommendation. Chapter 1 introduces readers to the issues of detecting, understanding, and using task and task-related information in an information episode (with or without active searching). This is followed by presenting several prominent ideas and frameworks about how tasks are conceptualized and represented in Chapter 2. In Chapter 3, the narrative moves to showing how task type relates to user behaviors and search intentions. A task can be explicitly expressed in some cases, such as in a to-do application, but often it is unexpressed. Chapter 4 covers these two scenarios with several related works and case studies. Chapter 5 shows how task knowledge and task models can contribute to addressing emerging retrieval and recommendation problems. Chapter 6 covers evaluation methodologies and metrics for task-based systems, with relevant case studies to demonstrate their uses. Finally, the book concludes in Chapter 7, with ideas for future directions in this important research area.

Images in Social Media

Author : Susanne Ørnager
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031023145
Total Pages : 101 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Images in Social Media by : Susanne Ørnager

Download or read book Images in Social Media written by Susanne Ørnager and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the methodologies, organization, and communication of digital image collection research that utilizes social media content. ("Image" is here understood as a cultural, conventional, and commercial—stock photo—representation.) The lecture offers expert views that provide different interpretations of images and their potential implementations. Linguistic and semiotic methodologies as well as eye-tracking research are employed to both analyze images and comprehend how humans consider them, including which salient features generally attract viewers' attention. This literature review covers image—specifically photographic—research since 2005, when major social media platforms emerged. A citation analysis includes an overview of co-citation maps that demonstrate the nexus of image research literature and the journals in which they appear. Eye tracking tests whether scholarly templates focus on the proper features of an image, such as people, objects, time, etc., and if a prescribed theme affects the eye movements of the observer. The results may point to renewed requirements for building image search engines. As it stands, image management already requires new algorithms and a new understanding that involves text recognition and very large database processing. The aim of this book is to present different image research areas and demonstrate the challenges image research faces. The book's scope is, by necessity, far from comprehensive, since the field of digital image research does not cover fake news, image manipulation, mobile photos, etc.; these issues are very complex and need a publication of their own. This book should primarily be useful for students in library and information science, psychology, and computer science.

Automatic Disambiguation of Author Names in Bibliographic Repositories

Author : Anderson A. Ferreira
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031023226
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Automatic Disambiguation of Author Names in Bibliographic Repositories by : Anderson A. Ferreira

Download or read book Automatic Disambiguation of Author Names in Bibliographic Repositories written by Anderson A. Ferreira and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-06-01 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with a hard problem that is inherent to human language: ambiguity. In particular, we focus on author name ambiguity, a type of ambiguity that exists in digital bibliographic repositories, which occurs when an author publishes works under distinct names or distinct authors publish works under similar names. This problem may be caused by a number of reasons, including the lack of standards and common practices, and the decentralized generation of bibliographic content. As a consequence, the quality of the main services of digital bibliographic repositories such as search, browsing, and recommendation may be severely affected by author name ambiguity. The focal point of the book is on automatic methods, since manual solutions do not scale to the size of the current repositories or the speed in which they are updated. Accordingly, we provide an ample view on the problem of automatic disambiguation of author names, summarizing the results of more than a decade of research on this topic conducted by our group, which were reported in more than a dozen publications that received over 900 citations so far, according to Google Scholar. We start by discussing its motivational issues (Chapter 1). Next, we formally define the author name disambiguation task (Chapter 2) and use this formalization to provide a brief, taxonomically organized, overview of the literature on the topic (Chapter 3). We then organize, summarize and integrate the efforts of our own group on developing solutions for the problem that have historically produced state-of-the-art (by the time of their proposals) results in terms of the quality of the disambiguation results. Thus, Chapter 4 covers HHC - Heuristic-based Clustering, an author name disambiguation method that is based on two specific real-world assumptions regarding scientific authorship. Then, Chapter 5 describes SAND - Self-training Author Name Disambiguator and Chapter 6 presents two incremental author name disambiguation methods, namely INDi - Incremental Unsupervised Name Disambiguation and INC- Incremental Nearest Cluster. Finally, Chapter 7 provides an overview of recent author name disambiguation methods that address new specific approaches such as graph-based representations, alternative predefined similarity functions, visualization facilities and approaches based on artificial neural networks. The chapters are followed by three appendices that cover, respectively: (i) a pattern matching function for comparing proper names and used by some of the methods addressed in this book; (ii) a tool for generating synthetic collections of citation records for distinct experimental tasks; and (iii) a number of datasets commonly used to evaluate author name disambiguation methods. In summary, the book organizes a large body of knowledge and work in the area of author name disambiguation in the last decade, hoping to consolidate a solid basis for future developments in the field.