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Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 2.1-9

Author : Simplicius,
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1472501136
Total Pages : 235 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 2.1-9 by : Simplicius,

Download or read book Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 2.1-9 written by Simplicius, and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aristotle believed that the outermost stars are carried round us on a transparent sphere. There are directions in the universe and a preferred direction of rotation. The sun moon and planets are carried on different revolving spheres. The spheres and celestial bodies are composed of an everlasting fifth element, which has none of the ordinary contrary properties like heat and cold which could destroy it, but only the facility for uniform rotation. But this creates problems as to how the heavenly bodies create light, and, in the case of the sun, heat. The value of Simplicius' commentary on On the Heavens 2,1-9 lies both in its preservation of the lost comments of Alexander and in Simplicius' controversy with him. The two of them discuss not only the problem mentioned, but also whether soul and nature move the spheres as two distinct forces or as one. Alexander appears to have simplified Aristotle's system of 55 spheres down to seven, and some hints may be gleaned as to whether, simplifying further, he thinks there are seven ultimate movers, or only one.

Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.3-4

Author : Simplicius,
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1472501705
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.3-4 by : Simplicius,

Download or read book Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.3-4 written by Simplicius, and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first English translation of Simplicius' responses to Philoponus' Against Aristotle on the Eternity of the World. The commentary is published in two volumes: Ian Mueller's previous book in the series, Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.2-3, and this book on 1.3-4. Philoponus, the Christian, had argued that Aristotle's arguments do not succeed. For all they show to the contrary, Christianity may be right that the heavens were brought into existence by the only divine being and one moment in time, and will cease to exist at some future moment. Simplicius upholds the pagan view that the heavens are eternal and divine, and argues that their eternity is shown by their astronomical movements coupled with certain principles of Aristotle. The English translation in this volume is accompanied by a detailed introduction, extensive commentary notes and a bibliography.

Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.5-9

Author : Simplicius,
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 147250111X
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.5-9 by : Simplicius,

Download or read book Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.5-9 written by Simplicius, and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aristotle argues in On the Heavens 1.5-7 that there can be no infinitely large body, and in 1.8-9 that there cannot be more than one physical world. As a corollary in 1.9, he infers that there is no place, vacuum or time beyond the outermost stars. As one argument in favour of a single world, he argues that his four elements: earth, air, fire and water, have only one natural destination apiece. Moreover they accelerate as they approach it and acceleration cannot be unlimited. However, the Neoplatonist Simplicius, who wrote the commentary in the sixth century AD (here translated into English), tells us that this whole world view was to be rejected by Strato, the third head of Aristotle's school. At the same time, he tells us the different theories of acceleration in Greek philosophy.

Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.1-4

Author : Simplicius,
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 178093906X
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.1-4 by : Simplicius,

Download or read book Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.1-4 written by Simplicius, and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2014-04-10 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In chapter 1 of On the Heavens Aristotle defines body, and then notoriously ruptures dynamics by introducing a fifth element, beyond Plato's four, to explain the rotation of the heavens, which, like nearly all Greeks, Aristotle took to be real, not apparent. Even a member of his school, Xenarchus, we are told, rejected his fifth element. The Neoplatonist Simplicius seeks to harmonise Plato and Aristotle. Plato, he says, thought that the heavens were composed of all four elements but with the purest kind of fire, namely light, predominating. That Plato would not mind this being called a fifth element is shown by his associating with the heavens the fifth of the five convex regular solids recognised by geometry. Simplicius follows Aristotle's view that one of the lower elements, fire, also rotates, as shown by the behaviour of comets. But such motion, though natural for the fifth elements, is super-natural for fire. Simplicius reveals that the Aristotelian Alexander of Aphrodisias recognised the need to supplement Aristotle and account for the annual approach and retreat of planets by means of Ptolemy's epicycles or eccentrics. Aristotle's philosopher-god is turned by Simplicius, following his teacher Ammonius, into a creator-god, like Plato's. But the creation is beginningless, as shown by the argument that, if you try to imagine a time when it began, you cannot answer the question, 'Why not sooner?' In explaining the creation, Simplicius follows the Neoplatonist expansion of Aristotle's four 'causes' to six. The final result gives us a cosmology very considerably removed from Aristotle's.

Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.10-12

Author : Simplicius,
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1472501373
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.10-12 by : Simplicius,

Download or read book Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.10-12 written by Simplicius, and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the three chapters of On the Heavens dealt with in this volume, Aristotle argues that the universe is ungenerated and indestructible. In Simplicius' commentary, translated here, we see a battle royal between the Neoplatonist Simplicius and the Aristotelian Alexander, whose lost commentary on Aristotle's On the Heavens Simplicius partly preserves. Simplicius' rival, the Christian Philoponus, had conducted a parallel battle in his Against Proclus but had taken the side of Alexander against Proclus and other Platonists, arguing that Plato's Timaeus gives a beginning to the universe. Simplicius takes the Platonist side, denying that Plato intended a beginning. The origin to which Plato refers is, according to Simplicius, not a temporal origin, but the divine cause that produces the world without beginning.

Philoponus: On Aristotle Meteorology 1.4-9, 12

Author : Philoponus,
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472501748
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis Philoponus: On Aristotle Meteorology 1.4-9, 12 by : Philoponus,

Download or read book Philoponus: On Aristotle Meteorology 1.4-9, 12 written by Philoponus, and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of Philoponus' commentary on the Meteorology only that on chapters 1-9 and 12 of the first book has been preserved. It is translated in this series in two volumes, the first covering chapters 1-3; the second (this volume) chapters 4-9 and 12. The subjects discussed here include the nature of fiery and light phenomena in the sky, the formation of comets, the Milky Way, the properties of moist exhalation, and the formation of hail. Philoponus pays special attention to the distinction between the apparent and the real among the sky phenomena; he criticises Aristotle's theory of the Milky Way as sublunary, and argues for its origin in the heavenly realm; gives a detailed exposition of Aristotelian theory of antiperistasis, mutual replacement of the hot and the cold, as the mechanism of condensation and related processes. As in the first volume, Philoponus demonstrates scholarly erudition and familiarity with methods and results of post-Aristotelian Greek science. Despite the fragmented state of the work and the genre of commentary, the reader will find the elements of a coherent picture of the cosmos based on a radical re-thinking of Aristotelian meteorology and physics.

Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 3.1-7

Author : Simplicius,
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1472501616
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 3.1-7 by : Simplicius,

Download or read book Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 3.1-7 written by Simplicius, and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of Aristotle's On the Heavens, Books 3-4, is the four elements of earth, air, fire and water, which exist below the heavens. Book 3, in chapters 1 to 7, frequently criticizes the Presocratic philosophers. Because of this, Simplicius' commentary is one of our main sources of quotations of the Presocratics. Ian Mueller's translation of this commentary gains added importance by enabling us to see the context which guided Simplicius' selection of Presocratic texts to quote. Simplicius also criticizes the lost commentary of the leading Aristotelian commentator, Alexander, and thereby gives us important information about that work. The English translation in this volume is accompanied by a detailed introduction, extensive commentary notes and a bibliography.

Simplicius: On Aristotle Physics 1–8

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350286648
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Simplicius: On Aristotle Physics 1–8 by :

Download or read book Simplicius: On Aristotle Physics 1–8 written by and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2022-04-07 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supporting the twelve volumes of translation of Simplicius' great commentary on Aristotle's Physics, all published by Bloomsbury in the Ancient Commentators on Aristotle series, between 1992 and 2021, this volume presents a general introduction to the commentary. It covers the philosophical aims of Simplicius' commentaries on the Physics and the related text On the Heaven; Simplicius' methods and his use of earlier sources; and key themes and comparison with Philoponus' commentary on the same text. Simplicius treats the Physics as a universal study of the principles of all natural things underlying the account of the cosmos in On the Heaven. In both treatises, he responds at every stage to the now lost Peripatetic commentaries of Alexander of Aphrodisias, which set Aristotle in opposition to Plato and to earlier thinkers such as Parmenides, Empedocles and Anaxagoras. On each passage, Simplicius after going through Alexander's commentary raises difficulties for the text of Aristotle as interpreted by Alexander. Then, after making observations about details of the text, and often going back to a direct reading of the older philosophers (for whom he is now often our main source, as he is for Alexander's commentary), he proposes his own solution to the difficulties, introduced with a modest 'perhaps', which reads Aristotle as in harmony with Plato and earlier thinkers.

Simplicius: On Aristotle Physics 8.6-10

Author : Richard D. McKirahan
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1780938969
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Simplicius: On Aristotle Physics 8.6-10 by : Richard D. McKirahan

Download or read book Simplicius: On Aristotle Physics 8.6-10 written by Richard D. McKirahan and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2014-04-10 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aristotle's Physics is about the causes of motion and culminates in a proof that God is needed as the ultimate cause of motion. Aristotle argues that things in motion need to be moved by something other than themselves - he rejects Plato's self-movers. On pain of regress, there must be an unmoved mover. If this unmoved mover is to cause motion eternally, it needs infinite power. It cannot, then, be a body, since bodies, being of finite size, cannot house infinite power. The unmoved mover is therefore an incorporeal God. Simplicius reveals that his teacher, Ammonius, harmonised Aristotle with Plato to counter Christian charges of pagan disagreement, by making Aristotle's God a cause of beginningless movement, but of beginningless existence of the universe. Eternal existence, not less than eternal motion, calls for an infinite, and hence incorporeal, force. By an irony, this anti-Christian interpretation turned Aristotle's God from a thinker into a certain kind of Creator, and so helped to make Aristotle's God acceptable to St Thomas Aquinas in the thirteenth century. This text provides a translation of Simplicius' commentary on Aristotle's work.

Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 3.7-4.6

Author : Simplicius,
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1472501632
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 3.7-4.6 by : Simplicius,

Download or read book Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 3.7-4.6 written by Simplicius, and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Commenting on the end of Aristotle's On the Heavens Book 3, Simplicius examines Aristotle's criticisms of Plato's theory of elemental chemistry in the Timaeus. Plato makes the characteristics of the four elements depend on the shapes of component corpuscles and ultimately on the arrangement of the triangles which compose them. Simplicius preserves and criticizes the contributions made to the debate in lost works by two other major commentators, Alexander the Aristotelian, and Proclus the Platonist. In Book 4, Simplicius identifies fifteen objections by Aristotle to Plato's views on weight in the four elements. He finishes Book 4 by elaborating Aristotle's criticisms of Democritus' theory of weight in the atoms, including Democritus' suggestions about the influence of atomic shape on certain atomic motions. This volume includes an English translation of Simplicius' commentary, a detailed introduction, extensive commentary notes and a bibliography.

On Aristotle's "On the Heavens 1.10-12"

Author : Simplicius
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis On Aristotle's "On the Heavens 1.10-12" by : Simplicius

Download or read book On Aristotle's "On the Heavens 1.10-12" written by Simplicius and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the three chapters of "On the Heavens" dealt with in this volume, Aristotle argues that the universe is ungenerated and indestructible. In Simplicius' commentary, translated here, we see a battle royal between the Neoplatonist Simplicius and the Aristotelian, Alexander, whose lost commentary on "On the Heavens" Simplicius partly preserves. Simplicius' rival, the Christian Philoponus, had conducted a parallel battle in his "Against Proclus" but had taken the side of Alexander against Proclus and other Platonists, arguing that Plato's "Timaeus" gives a beginning to the universe. Simplicius takes the Platonist side, denying that Plato intended a beginning. The origin on which Plato refers is, according to Simplicius, not a temporal origin, but the divine cause that produces the world without beginning.

Philoponus: On Aristotle Physics 4.6-9

Author :
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1472501764
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis Philoponus: On Aristotle Physics 4.6-9 by :

Download or read book Philoponus: On Aristotle Physics 4.6-9 written by and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philoponus has been identified as the founder in dynamics of the theory of impetus, an inner force impressed from without, which, in its later recurrence, has been hailed as a scientific revolution. His commentary is translated here without the previously translated excursus, the Corollary on Void, also available in this series. Philoponus rejects Aristotle's attack on the very idea of void and of the possibility of motion in it, even though he thinks that void never occurs in fact. Philoponus' argument was later to be praised by Galileo. This volume contains the first English translation of Philoponus' commentary, as well as a detailed introduction, extensive explanatory notes and a bibliography.

Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.2-3

Author : Simplicius,
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1472501667
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.2-3 by : Simplicius,

Download or read book Simplicius: On Aristotle On the Heavens 1.2-3 written by Simplicius, and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the arguments in Aristotle's On the Heavens propounds that the world neither came to be nor will perish. This volume contains the pagan Neoplatonist Simplicius of Cilicia's commentary on the first part of this this important work. The commentary is notable and unusual because Simplicius includes in his discussion lengthy representations of the Christian John Philoponus' criticisms of Aristotle along with his own, frequently sarcastic, responses. This is the first complete translation into a modern language of Simplicius' commentary, and is accompanied by a detailed introduction, extensive explanatory notes and a bibliography.

The Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World

Author : Paul Keyser
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190878827
Total Pages : 1065 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World by : Paul Keyser

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World written by Paul Keyser and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 1065 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a focus on science in the ancient societies of Greece and Rome, including glimpses into Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China, The Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World offers an in depth synthesis of science and medicine circa 650 BCE to 650 CE. The Handbook comprises five sections, each with a specific focus on ancient science and medicine. The second section covers the early Greek era, up through Plato and the mid-fourth century bce. The third section covers the long Hellenistic era, from Aristotle through the end of the Roman Republic, acknowledging that the political shift does not mark a sharp intellectual break. The fourth section covers the Roman era from the late Republic through the transition to Late Antiquity. The final section covers the era of Late Antiquity, including the early Byzantine centuries. The Handbook provides through each of its approximately four dozen essays, a synthesis and synopsis of the concepts and models of the various ancient natural sciences, covering the early Greek era through the fall of the Roman Republic, including essays that explore topics such as music theory, ancient philosophers, astrology, and alchemy. The Oxford Handbook of Science and Medicine in the Classical World guides the reader to further exploration of the concepts and models of the ancient sciences, how they evolved and changed over time, and how they relate to one another and to their antecedents. There are a total of four dozen or so topical essays in the five sections, each of which takes as its focus the primary texts, explaining what is now known as well as indicating what future generations of scholars may come to know. Contributors suggest the ranges of scholarly disagreements and have been free to advocate their own positions. Readers are led into further literature (both primary and secondary) through the comprehensive and extensive bibliographies provided with each chapter.

Alexander of Aphrodisias: On Aristotle Metaphysics 1

Author : E.W. Dooley
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1780933630
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Alexander of Aphrodisias: On Aristotle Metaphysics 1 by : E.W. Dooley

Download or read book Alexander of Aphrodisias: On Aristotle Metaphysics 1 written by E.W. Dooley and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2014-04-10 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alexander of Aphrodisias was the greatest exponent of Aristotelianism after Aristotle, and his commentary on Metaphysics 1-5 is the most substantial commentary on the Metaphysics to have survived from antiquity. The commentary on book 1 has the further interest that over half of it is devoted to Aristotle's discussion of Plato. Aristotle's battery of objectives to the theory of Ideas is spelled out with fragmentary quotations and paraphrases from four of Aristotle's lost works, and we are given an extended account of Plato's 'unwritten doctrines' according to which the Ideas are numbers, namely the One and Indefinite Dyad. The deliberations for and against the theory of Ideas recorded by Alexander are more detailed than anything in Plato's dialogues and tell us more than any other source how they were conceived in Plato's most developed theory.

Syrianus: On Aristotle Metaphysics 3-4

Author : Syrianus,
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1472501535
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis Syrianus: On Aristotle Metaphysics 3-4 by : Syrianus,

Download or read book Syrianus: On Aristotle Metaphysics 3-4 written by Syrianus, and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Syrianus, originally from Alexandria, moved to Athens and became the head of the Academy there after the death of Plutarch of Athens. This discussion of Aristotle's Metaphysics 3-4 shows how metaphysics, as a philosophical science, was conceived by the Neoplatonic philosopher of Late Antiquity. The questions raised by Aristotle in Metaphysics 3 regarding the scope of metaphysics are answered by Syrianus, who also criticises the alternative answers explored by Aristotle. In presenting Metaphysics 4, Syrianus explains in what sense metaphysics deals with 'being as being' and how this includes the essential attributes of being (unity/multiplicity, sameness/difference, etc.), showing also that it comes within the scope of metaphysics to deal with the primary axioms of scientific thought, in particular the Principle of Non-Contradiction, for which Syrianus provides arguments additional to those developed by Aristotle. Syrianus thus reveals how Aristotelian metaphysics was formalized and transformed by a philosophy which found its deepest roots in Pythagoras and Plato.

Philoponus: On Aristotle Meteorology 1.1-3

Author : Philoponus,
Publisher : A&C Black
ISBN 13 : 1472501683
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (725 download)

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Book Synopsis Philoponus: On Aristotle Meteorology 1.1-3 by : Philoponus,

Download or read book Philoponus: On Aristotle Meteorology 1.1-3 written by Philoponus, and published by A&C Black. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aristotle's Meteorology influenced generations of speculation about the earth sciences, ranging from atmospheric phenomena to earthquakes. The commentary of John Philoponus (6th century AD) on the opening three chapters of Meteorology is here translated for the first time into English by Dr Inna Kupreeva, building on the work of L.G. Westerink. Philoponus, who today is increasingly respected as a philosopher in his own right, here engages critically with Aristotle's views about the building-blocks of our world, its size and relationship to other heavenly bodies, and reception of warmth from the sun. The translation in this volume is accompanied by a detailed introduction, extensive commentary notes and a bibliography.