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Occupational Licensing And Job Mobility In The United States
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Book Synopsis Occupational Licensing and Job Mobility in the United States by : Mikkel Hermansen
Download or read book Occupational Licensing and Job Mobility in the United States written by Mikkel Hermansen and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This paper studies the association between occupational licensing and job hire and job separation rates along with earnings of job stayers and job-to-job movers. In contrast to previous studies, it attempts to provide macro-level estimates by relying on a novel Job-to-Job Flows database from the U.S. Census Bureau, covering the near universe of job transitions. The empirical analysis exploits variation in licensing regulation across states and industries and constructs indicators for both the share of employment subject to licensing (the extensive margin) and the strictness of regulation (the intensive margin). Results show that more extensive and stricter licensing are both associated with lower job mobility. This holds for job-to-job mobility as well as for transitions in and out of nonemployment. The strictness indicator points to lower job-to-job mobility from entry restrictions and renewal requirements to licensing, while education and training requirements may increase job-to-job mobility. The analysis also finds a negative association between licensing restrictions for people with a criminal record and job hire from nonemployment. Further analysis shows that interstate job-to-job mobility tends to be lower towards states with more extensive and stricter licensing regulation. The results from the analysis of earnings are generally mixed and mostly insignificant. However, there is some evidence of lower earnings gains from job-to-job moves to states with more licensing within the same industry, which may reflect lower productivity growth because of weaker reallocation of labour resources and reduced competition
Book Synopsis The Rule of Experts by : S. David Young
Download or read book The Rule of Experts written by S. David Young and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 1987-03-01 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: S. David Young argues that occupational licensing results in the misallocation of labor and harms consumers.
Book Synopsis The Multiple Justifications of Occupational Licensing by : Nick Robinson
Download or read book The Multiple Justifications of Occupational Licensing written by Nick Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly a quarter of all workers in the United States are currently in a job that requires an occupational license. As the prevalence of occupational licensing has grown, so have claims that its overuse is causing increased consumer costs and impairing labor mobility and economic freedom. To address these concerns, many policymakers and academics argue that licensing restrictions should be more closely tailored to the goal of protecting the public from harm and that, to guard against capture, practitioners should not regulate their own licensing. Federal courts, in turn, have drawn on this vision of the proper role of occupational licensing to significantly limit when and how licensing can be used through their interpretation of antitrust law and the First and Fourteenth Amendments of the Constitution.This Article takes a step back to argue that these critiques of occupational licensing, and the federal jurisprudence based on them, embrace a narrow view of the role of licensing in the economy that is grounded in both an embrace of economic libertarianism and an antagonism towards professional self-regulation. While this view generally recognizes licensing as justified to protect the public from harm in limited situations, it disregards a range of other values that occupational licensing has historically been viewed to promote. This Article draws on social science literature to categorize these other justifications as (1) fostering communities of knowledge and competence; (2) developing relationships of trust; and (3) buffering producers from the market.The Article uses specific examples from the judiciary's occupational licensing jurisprudence to show how acknowledging this broader set of justifications should constrain the courts from imposing a narrow view of licensing's role in the economy. It ends by suggesting that if the federal government is to shape occupational licensing policy, Congress and the Executive are better placed than the judiciary to take the lead.
Book Synopsis The Prevalence and Effects of Occupational Licensing by : Morris M. Kleiner
Download or read book The Prevalence and Effects of Occupational Licensing written by Morris M. Kleiner and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study provides the first nation-wide analysis of the labor market implications of occupational licensing for the U.S. labor market, using data from a specially designed Gallup survey. We find that in 2006, 29 percent of the workforce was required to hold an occupational license from a government agency, which is a higher percentage than that found in studies that rely on state-level occupational licensing data. Workers who have higher levels of education are more likely to work in jobs that require a license. Union workers and government employees are more likely to have a license requirement than are nonunion or private sector employees. Our multivariate estimates suggest that licensing has about the same quantitative impact on wages as do unions -- that is about 15 percent, but unlike unions which reduce variance in wages, licensing does not significantly reduce wage dispersion for individuals in licensed jobs.
Book Synopsis Licensing Occupations by : Morris M. Kleiner
Download or read book Licensing Occupations written by Morris M. Kleiner and published by W.E. Upjohn Institute. This book was released on 2006 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Attempts to present a systematic discussion of the major benefits and costs of occupational licensing to the economies of the United States and several European countries." - page xiii.
Book Synopsis Occupational Licensing and Labor Market Fluidity by : Morris M. Kleiner
Download or read book Occupational Licensing and Labor Market Fluidity written by Morris M. Kleiner and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We show that occupational licensing has significant negative effects on labor market fluidity defined as cross-occupation mobility. Using a balanced panel of workers constructed from the CPS and SIPP data, we analyze the link between occupational licensing and labor market outcomes. We find that workers with a government-issued occupational license experience churn rates significantly lower than those of non-licensed workers. Specifically, licensed workers are 24% less likely to switch occupations and 3% less likely to become unemployed in the following year. Moreover, occupational licensing represents barriers to entry for both non-employed workers and employed ones. The effect is more prominent for employed workers relative to those entering from nonemployment, because the opportunity cost of acquiring a license is much higher for employed individuals. Lastly, we find that average wage growth is higher for licensed workers than non-licensed workers, whether they stay in the same occupation in the next year or switch occupations. We find significant heterogeneity in the licensing effect across different occupation groups. These results hold across various data sources, time spans, and indicators of being licensed. Overall, licensing could account for almost 8% of the total decline in monthly occupational mobility over the past two decades.
Book Synopsis Occupational Licensing and the Supply of Nonprofessional Manpower by : United States. Department of Labor. Manpower Administration
Download or read book Occupational Licensing and the Supply of Nonprofessional Manpower written by United States. Department of Labor. Manpower Administration and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monograph on licensing practice and examination of occupational qualification for the entry of unskilled workers into nonprofessional occupations in the USA - covers legal aspects and administrative aspects of state licensing boards, and includes aptitude testing, admission requirements, labour shortages, labour mobility, etc.
Book Synopsis The Right to Earn a Living by : Timothy Sandefur
Download or read book The Right to Earn a Living written by Timothy Sandefur and published by Cato Institute. This book was released on 2010-10-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: America’s founders thought the right to earn a living was so basic and obvious that it didn’t need to be mentioned in the Bill of Rights. The Right to Earn a Living charts the history of this fundamental human right, from the constitutional system that was designed to protect it by limiting government’s powers, to the Civil War Amendments that expanded protection to all Americans, regardless of race.
Book Synopsis Occupational Licensing, Labor Mobility, and the Unfairness of Entry Standards by : Paolo Buonanno
Download or read book Occupational Licensing, Labor Mobility, and the Unfairness of Entry Standards written by Paolo Buonanno and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combination of occupational licensing at the local market level often coexists with labor mobility across local markets. We empirically study a labor market in which a district-specific entry (licensing) examination is coupled with labor mobility across districts. Our analysis exploits a change in the grading procedure of the exam, from grading in the local district to grading in a randomly assigned different district. We document that licensing regulation leads to extreme heterogeneity across markets in admission outcomes (up to 50 percent differences in licensing exam pass rates), unfair (discriminatory) admission procedures (up to 49 percent unfair exam results), and inefficient mobility of workers. These findings, together with the estimated impact of the reform on exam outcomes and grading standards, provide the first evidence of regulatory competition based on strategic interaction among licensing boards.
Book Synopsis Occupational Licensing by : Margie Castro
Download or read book Occupational Licensing written by Margie Castro and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past several decades, the share of U.S. workers holding an occupational license has grown sharply. When designed and implemented carefully, licensing can offer important health and safety protections to consumers, as well as benefits to workers. However, the current licensing regime in the United States also creates substantial costs, and often the requirements for obtaining a license are not in sync with the skills needed for the job. There is evidence that licensing requirements raise the price of goods and services, restrict employment opportunities, and make it more difficult for workers to take their skills across State lines. Too often, policymakers do not carefully weigh these costs and benefits when making decisions about whether or how to regulate a profession through licensing. In some cases, alternative forms of occupational regulation, such as State certification, may offer a better balance between consumer protections and flexibility for workers. This book outlines the growth of licensing over the past several decades, its costs and benefits, and its impacts on workers and work arrangements. The book recommends several best practices to ensure that licensing protects consumers without placing unnecessary restrictions on employment, innovation, or access to important goods and services.
Book Synopsis Occupational Licensure and Regulation by : Simon Rottenberg
Download or read book Occupational Licensure and Regulation written by Simon Rottenberg and published by A E I Press. This book was released on 1980 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Analysis of the Determinants of Occupational Upgrading by : Duane E. Leigh
Download or read book An Analysis of the Determinants of Occupational Upgrading written by Duane E. Leigh and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: USA. Monograph on occupational upgrading and advancement of individual workers within the framework of contrasting implications of the dual labour market and human capital theories - tests the two hypotheses by analysing the effects of education, vocational training, labour mobility, etc. On occupational status of both Black and White men (based on the 1970 census and the national longitudinal survey). Graphs, references and statistical tables.
Book Synopsis Analyzing the Extent and Influence of Occupational Licensing on the Labor Market by : Morris M. Kleiner
Download or read book Analyzing the Extent and Influence of Occupational Licensing on the Labor Market written by Morris M. Kleiner and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the extent and influence of occupational licensing in the U.S. using a specially designed national labor force survey. Specifically, we provide new ways of measuring occupational licensing and consider what types of regulatory requirements and what level of government oversight contribute to wage gains and variability. Estimates from the survey indicated that 35 percent of employees were either licensed or certified by the government, and that 29 percent were fully licensed. Another 3 percent stated that all who worked in their job would eventually be required to be certified or licensed, bringing the total that are or eventually must be licensed or certified by government to 38 percent. We find that licensing is associated with about 14 percent higher wages, but the effect of governmental certification on pay is much smaller. Licensing by multiple political jurisdictions is associated with the highest wage gains relative to only local licensing. Specific requirements by the government for a worker to enter an occupation, such as education level and long internships, are positively associated with wages. We find little association between licensing and the variance of wages, in contrast to unions. Overall, our results show that occupational licensing is an important labor market phenomenon that can be measured in labor force surveys.
Book Synopsis Occupational Licensing and Labour Market Fluidity by : Morris M. Kleiner
Download or read book Occupational Licensing and Labour Market Fluidity written by Morris M. Kleiner and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We show that occupational licensing has significant negative effects on labor market fluidity defined as cross-occupation mobility. Using a balanced panel of workers constructed from the CPS and SIPP data, we analyze the link between occupational licensing and labor market outcomes. We find that workers with a government-issued occupational license experience churn rates significantly lower than those of non-licensed workers. Specifically, licensed workers are 24% less likely to switch occupations and 3 % less likely to become unemployed in the following year. Moreover, occupational licensing represents barriers to entry for both non-employed workers and employed ones. The effect is more prominent for employed workers relative to those entering from non-employment, because the opportunity cost of acquiring a license is much higher for employed individuals. Lastly, we find that average wage growth is higher for licensed workers than non-licensed workers, whether they stay in the same occupation in the next year or switch occupations. We find significant heterogeneity in the licensing effect across different occupation groups. These results hold across various data sources, time spans, and indicators of being licensed. Overall, licensing could account for almost 8% of the total decline in monthly occupational mobility over the past two decades.
Book Synopsis Occupational Licensing and the Inter-State Mobility of Professionals by : B. Peter Pashigian
Download or read book Occupational Licensing and the Inter-State Mobility of Professionals written by B. Peter Pashigian and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper attempts to measure the effect of occupational licensing, restrictions on reciprocity, location specific investment in reputation and earnings on the interstate mobility of professionals. While 34 professional occupations are analyzed, special attention is focused on the legal profession. The comparatively low interstate mobility rate of lawyers may be due to state licensing and restrictions on reciprocity or to the investments made by lawyers to develop local reputations or to the investments made by lawyers in state specific law. Tests are conducted to distinguish among these three hypotheses
Author :United States. Congress Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781981565832 Total Pages :184 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (658 download)
Book Synopsis Barriers to Opportunity by : United States. Congress
Download or read book Barriers to Opportunity written by United States. Congress and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-12-10 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Barriers to opportunity : do occupational licensing laws unfairly limit entrepreneurship and jobs : hearing before the Subcommittee on Contracting and Workforce of the Committee on Small Business, United States House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, second session, hearing held March 26, 2014.
Download or read book Bottleneckers written by William Mellor and published by Encounter Books. This book was released on 2016-12-13 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bottlenecker (n): a person who advocates for the creation or perpetuation of government regulation, particularly an occupational license, to restrict entry into his or her occupation, thereby accruing an economic advantage without providing a benefit to consumers. The Left, Right, and Center all hate them: powerful special interests that use government power for their own private benefit. In an era when the Left hates “fat cats” and the Right despises “crony capitalists,” now there is an artful and memorable one-word pejorative they can both get behind: bottleneckers. A “bottlenecker” is anyone who uses government power to limit competition and thereby reap monopoly profits and other benefits. Bottleneckers work with politicians to constrict competition, entrepreneurial innovation, and opportunity. They thereby limit consumer choice; drive up consumer prices; and they support politicians who willingly overstep the constitutional limits of their powers to create, maintain, and expand these anticompetitive bottlenecks. The Institute for Justice’s new book Bottleneckers coins a new word in the American lexicon, and provides a rich history and well-researched examples of bottleneckers in one occupation after another—from alcohol distributors to taxicab cartels—pointing the way to positive reforms.
