Observations And Predictions Of Eclipse Times By Early Astronomers

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Observations and Predictions of Eclipse Times by Early Astronomers

Author : J.M. Steele
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401595283
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Observations and Predictions of Eclipse Times by Early Astronomers by : J.M. Steele

Download or read book Observations and Predictions of Eclipse Times by Early Astronomers written by J.M. Steele and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eclipses have long been seen as important celestial phenomena, whether as omens affecting the future of kingdoms, or as useful astronomical events to help in deriving essential parameters for theories of the motion of the moon and sun. This is the first book to collect together all presently known records of timed eclipse observations and predictions from antiquity to the time of the invention of the telescope. In addition to cataloguing and assessing the accuracy of the various records, which come from regions as diverse as Ancient Mesopotamia, China, and Europe, the sources in which they are found are described in detail. Related questions such as what type of clocks were used to time the observations, how the eclipse predictions were made, and how these prediction schemes were derived from the available observations are also considered. The results of this investigation have important consequences for how we understand the relationship between observation and theory in early science and the role of astronomy in early cultures, and will be of interest to historians of science, astronomers, and ancient and medieval historians.

The Sun Recorded Through History

Author : J.M. Vaquero
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387927905
Total Pages : 395 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (879 download)

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Book Synopsis The Sun Recorded Through History by : J.M. Vaquero

Download or read book The Sun Recorded Through History written by J.M. Vaquero and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-21 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sun is nowadays observed using di?erent techniques that provide an almost instantaneous 3-D map of its structure. Of particular interest is the studyofthevariabilityinthesolaroutputproducedbythedissipationofm- netic energy on di?erent spatial and temporal scales – the so-called magnetic activity. The 11-year cycle is the main feature describing this phenomenon. Apart from its intrinsic scienti?c interest, this topic is worth studying because of the interaction of such processes with the terrestrial environment. A ?eet of space and ground-based observatories are currently monitoring the behaviour of our star on a daily basis. However, solar activity varies not only on this decadal time-scale, as has been attested mainly through two methods: (a) records of the number of sunspots observed on the solar surface from 1610, and (b) the records of 14 10 cosmogenic isotopes, such as Cand Be, measured in tree-rings and i- cores, respectively. The study of the long-term behaviour of solar activity may be comp- mented by the study of historical accounts describing phenomena directly or indirectly related to solar activity. Numerous scienti?c and non-scienti?c d- uments have reported these events and we can make use of them as a proxy of solar activity in past times.

The Gentile Times Reconsidered

Author : Carl Olof Jonsson
Publisher : FriesenPress
ISBN 13 : 1039110827
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis The Gentile Times Reconsidered by : Carl Olof Jonsson

Download or read book The Gentile Times Reconsidered written by Carl Olof Jonsson and published by FriesenPress. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Gentile Times Reconsidered, by Swedish author Carl Olof Jonsson, is a scholarly treatise based on careful and extensive research, including an unusually detailed study of Assyrian and Babylonian records relative to the date of Jerusalem’s destruction by Babylonian conqueror, Nebuchadnezzar. The publication traces the history of a long string of interpretation theories connected with time prophecies extracted from the Bible books of Daniel and Revelation, beginning with those from Judaism in the early centuries, through Medieval Catholicism, the Reformers, and into nineteenth century British and American Protestantism. It reveals the actual origin of the interpretation which eventually produced the date of 1914 as a predicted year for the end of “the Gentile Times,” a date adopted and proclaimed worldwide to this day by the religious movement known as Jehovah’s Witnesses. The importance of this date for the exclusive claims of the movement is repeatedly stressed in its publications. The Watchtower of October 15, 1990, for example, states on page 19: “For 38 years prior to 1914, the Bible Students, as Jehovah’s Witnesses were then called, pointed to that date as the year when the Gentile Times would end. What outstanding proof that is that they were true servants of Jehovah!” The book contains a helpful discussion of the application of the Biblical prophecy regarding the “seventy years” of Babylonian domination of Judah. Readers will find the information refreshingly different from any other publication on this topic.

Ancient Astronomical Observations and the Study of the Moon’s Motion (1691-1757)

Author : John M. Steele
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461421497
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Ancient Astronomical Observations and the Study of the Moon’s Motion (1691-1757) by : John M. Steele

Download or read book Ancient Astronomical Observations and the Study of the Moon’s Motion (1691-1757) written by John M. Steele and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-17 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discovery of a gradual acceleration in the moon’s mean motion by Edmond Halley in the last decade of the seventeenth century led to a revival of interest in reports of astronomical observations from antiquity. These observations provided the only means to study the moon’s ‘secular acceleration’, as this newly-discovered acceleration became known. This book contains the first detailed study of the use of ancient and medieval astronomical observations in order to investigate the moon’s secular acceleration from its discovery by Halley to the establishment of the magnitude of the acceleration by Richard Dunthorne, Tobias Mayer and Jérôme Lalande in the 1740s and 1750s. Making extensive use of previously unstudied manuscripts, this work shows how different astronomers used the same small body of preserved ancient observations in different ways in their work on the secular acceleration. In addition, this work looks at the wider context of the study of the moon’s secular acceleration, including its use in debates of biblical chronology, whether the heavens were made up of æther, and the use of astronomy in determining geographical longitude. It also discusses wider issues of the perceptions and knowledge of ancient and medieval astronomy in the early-modern period. This book will be of interest to historians of astronomy, astronomers and historians of the ancient world.

Imagined Civilizations

Author : Roger Hart
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421406063
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Imagined Civilizations by : Roger Hart

Download or read book Imagined Civilizations written by Roger Hart and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the Jesuits claimed Xu as a convert, he presented the Jesuits as men from afar who had traveled from the West to China to serve the emperor.

Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures

Author : Helaine Selin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 140204559X
Total Pages : 2428 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures by : Helaine Selin

Download or read book Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures written by Helaine Selin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-12 with total page 2428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here, at last, is the massively updated and augmented second edition of this landmark encyclopedia. It contains approximately 1000 entries dealing in depth with the history of the scientific, technological and medical accomplishments of cultures outside of the United States and Europe. The entries consist of fully updated articles together with hundreds of entirely new topics. This unique reference work includes intercultural articles on broad topics such as mathematics and astronomy as well as thoughtful philosophical articles on concepts and ideas related to the study of non-Western Science, such as rationality, objectivity, and method. You’ll also find material on religion and science, East and West, and magic and science.

New Insights From Recent Studies in Historical Astronomy: Following in the Footsteps of F. Richard Stephenson

Author : Wayne Orchiston
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319076140
Total Pages : 371 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis New Insights From Recent Studies in Historical Astronomy: Following in the Footsteps of F. Richard Stephenson by : Wayne Orchiston

Download or read book New Insights From Recent Studies in Historical Astronomy: Following in the Footsteps of F. Richard Stephenson written by Wayne Orchiston and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-24 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains papers from a conference held to celebrate the 70th birthday of one of the world’s foremost astronomical historians, Professor F. Richard Stephenson, the latest recipient of the American Astronomical Society’s highest award for research in astronomical history, the LeRoy Doggett Prize. Reflecting Professor Stephenson’s extensive research portfolio, this book brings together under one cover papers on four different areas of scholarship: applied historical astronomy (which Stephenson founded); Islamic astronomy; Oriental astronomy and amateur astronomy. These papers are penned by astronomers from Canada, China, England, France, Georgia, Iran, Japan, Lebanon, the Netherlands, Portugal, Thailand and the USA. Its diverse coverage represents a wide cross-section of the history of astronomy community. Under discussion are ways in which recent research using historical data has provided new insights into auroral and solar activity, supernovae and changes in the rotation rate of the Earth. It also presents readers with results of recent research on leading historical figures in Islamic and Oriental astronomy, and aspects of eighteenth and nineteenth century Australian, British, German and Portuguese amateur astronomy, including the fascinating ‘amateur-turned-professional syndrome’.

Ancient Astronomy

Author : Clive L.N. Ruggles
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1851096167
Total Pages : 549 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Ancient Astronomy by : Clive L.N. Ruggles

Download or read book Ancient Astronomy written by Clive L.N. Ruggles and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2005-10-21 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An authoritative introduction to the fascinating topic of archaeoastronomy—ancient peoples' understanding and use of the skies. Ancient Astronomy: An Encyclopedia of Cosmologies and Myth draws on archaeological evidence and oral traditions to reveal how prehistoric humans perceived the skies and celestial phenomena. With over 200 entries, it offers a number of ways to approach ancient astronomy, from key examples and case studies worldwide (Stonehenge; Mexican and Egyptian pyramids; Chaco Canyon, New Mexico; the Nazca lines in Peru) to general themes (cosmologies, calendars, ancient ideas of space and time, origin myths), to fundamental concepts and methods (how the sky has changed over the centuries, how to survey a site), and to the field's most frequently asked questions (How did ancient peoples navigate the ocean using the stars? How does astrology relate to ancient astronomy? Can ancient sites be dated astronomically?) By revealing the astronomical significance of some of the world's most famous ancient landmarks and enduring myths and by showing how different themes and concepts are connected, Ancient Astronomy: An Encyclopedia of Cosmologies and Myth brings a unique authoritative perspective to an area too often left to speculation and sensationalism.

Down to the Hour: Short Time in the Ancient Mediterranean and Near East

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004416293
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (44 download)

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Book Synopsis Down to the Hour: Short Time in the Ancient Mediterranean and Near East by :

Download or read book Down to the Hour: Short Time in the Ancient Mediterranean and Near East written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-12-02 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Clock time", with all its benefits and anxieties, is often viewed as a "modern" phenomenon, but ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern cultures also had tools for marking and measuring time within the day and wrestled with challenges of daily time management. This book brings together for the first time perspectives on the interplay between short-term timekeeping technologies and their social contexts in ancient Egypt, Babylon, Greece, and Rome. Its contributions denaturalize modern-day concepts of clocks, hours, and temporal frameworks; describe some of the timekeeping solutions used in antiquity; and illuminate the diverse factors that affected how individuals and communities structured their time.

Chasing Shadows

Author : Clemency Montelle
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 0801899109
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Chasing Shadows by : Clemency Montelle

Download or read book Chasing Shadows written by Clemency Montelle and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2011-05-15 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lunar and solar eclipses have always fascinated human beings. Digging deep into history, Clemency Montelle examines the ways in which theoretical understanding of eclipses originated and how ancient and medieval cultures shared, developed, and preserved their knowledge of these awe-inspiring events. Eclipses were the celestial phenomena most challenging to understand in the ancient world. Montelle draws on original research—much of it derived from reading primary source material written in Akkadian and Sanskrit, as well as ancient Greek, Latin, and Arabic—to explore how observers in Babylon, the Islamic Near East, Greece, and India developed new astronomical and mathematical techniques to predict and describe the features of eclipses. She identifies the profound scientific discoveries of these four cultures and discusses how the societies exchanged information about eclipses. In constructing this history, Montelle establishes a clear pattern of the transmission of scientific ideas from one culture to another in the ancient and medieval world. Chasing Shadows is an invitingly written and highly informative exploration of the early history of astronomy.

Meanest Foundations and Nobler Superstructures

Author : Ofer Gal
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402007323
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Meanest Foundations and Nobler Superstructures by : Ofer Gal

Download or read book Meanest Foundations and Nobler Superstructures written by Ofer Gal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-07-31 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Hooke's Programme was revolutionary both cosmologically and mathematically. It presented 'the celestial motions", the proverbial symbol of stability and immutability, as a process of continuous change and prescribed only parameters of rectilinear motions and rectilinear attractions for calculating their closed curved orbits. Yet the traces of Hooke's construction of his Programme for the heavens lead through his investigations in such earthly disciplines as microscopy, practical optics and horology, and the mathematical tools developed by Newton to accomplish it appear no less local and goal-oriented than Hooke's lenses and springs.".

The Origin of the History of Science in Classical Antiquity

Author : Leonid Zhmud
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110194325
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis The Origin of the History of Science in Classical Antiquity by : Leonid Zhmud

Download or read book The Origin of the History of Science in Classical Antiquity written by Leonid Zhmud and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2008-08-22 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive study of what remains of the writings of Aristotle's student Eudemus of Rhodes on the history of the exact sciences. These fragments are crucial to our understanding of the content, form, and goal of the Peripatetic historiography of science. The first part of the book presents an analysis of those trends in Presocratic, Sophistic and Platonic thought that contributed to the development of the history of science. The second part provides a detailed study of Eudemus' writings in their relationship with the scientific literature of his time, Aristotelian philosophy and the other historiographic genres practiced at the Lyceum: biography, medical and natural-philosophical doxography. Although Peripatetic historiography of science failed in establishing itself as a continuous genre, it greatly contributed both to the birth of the Arabic medieval historiography of science and to the development of this genre in Europe in the 16th-18th centuries.

Astronomy and Calendars – The Other Chinese Mathematics

Author : Jean-Claude Martzloff
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662497182
Total Pages : 485 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis Astronomy and Calendars – The Other Chinese Mathematics by : Jean-Claude Martzloff

Download or read book Astronomy and Calendars – The Other Chinese Mathematics written by Jean-Claude Martzloff and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-01 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presented from the viewpoint of the history of mathematics, this book explores both epistemological aspects of Chinese traditional mathematical astronomy and lunisolar calendrical calculations. The following issues are addressed: (1) connections with non-Chinese cultural areas; (2) the possibility or impossibility of using mathematics to predict astronomical phenomena, a question that was constantly raised by the Chinese from antiquity through medieval times; (3) the modes of representation of numbers, and in particular the zero, found in the context of Chinese calendrical calculations; and (4) a detailed analysis of lunisolar calendrical calculations. Fully worked-out examples and comparisons between the results of calculations and the content of Chinese historical calendars from various periods are provided. Traditional Chinese calendrical and mathematical astronomy consists of permanently reformed mathematical procedures designed to predict, but not explain, phenomena pertaining to astronomy and related areas. Yet, despite appearances, models of the mathematical techniques hidden behind this voluminous corpus reveal that they depend on a limited number of clear-cut mathematical structures. Although only a small fraction of these techniques have been fully studied, what is known surprisingly broadens our knowledge of the history of Chinese mathematics. Sinologists interested in the history of Chinese science, and anyone interested in the history of Chinese mathematics, the Chinese calendar, and the history of Chinese mathematical astronomy from its origin (104 BC) to its European reform (AD 1644) will find this book very useful. The present English language edition is a fully revised and updated version of the French original. Even though this is a research monograph in sinology, no particular sinological background is required, although a basic understanding of ‘concrete mathematics’ is needed. From the reviews of the French edition: This is a demanding, rigorous book to read ... worth the concentrated study it requires. The rewards are not only in the details but in the general overview that ...[it] provides. Joseph Dauben, EASTM, 2011 ...first Work in a Western language to turn to for anyone interested in the details of Chinese calendrical computations. Benno Van Dalen, ISIS, 2011 Martzloff’s careful scholarship and his overall look at the calendar beyond astronomical calculations, ..., make this book a most valuable contributions to a field of increasing interest. U. D’Ambrosio, Mathematical Reviews, 2013

Between Greece and Babylonia

Author : Kathryn Stevens
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108419550
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Between Greece and Babylonia by : Kathryn Stevens

Download or read book Between Greece and Babylonia written by Kathryn Stevens and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on Greece and Babylonia, this book provides a new, cross-cultural approach to the intellectual history of the Hellenistic world.

The Star of Bethlehem and the Magi

Author : George H. van Kooten
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004308474
Total Pages : 718 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis The Star of Bethlehem and the Magi by : George H. van Kooten

Download or read book The Star of Bethlehem and the Magi written by George H. van Kooten and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2015-11-02 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the fruit of the first ever interdisciplinary international scientific conference on Matthew's story of the Star of Bethlehem and the Magi, held in 2014 at the University of Groningen, and attended by world-leading specialists in all relevant fields: modern astronomy, the ancient near-eastern and Greco-Roman worlds, the history of science, and religion. The scholarly discussions and the exchange of the interdisciplinary views proved to be immensely fruitful and resulted in the present book. Its twenty chapters describe the various aspects of The Star: the history of its interpretation, ancient near-eastern astronomy and astrology and the Magi, astrology in the Greco-Roman and the Jewish worlds, and the early Christian world – at a generally accessible level. An epilogue summarizes the fact-fiction balance of the most famous star which has ever shone.

A Portable Cosmos

Author : Alexander Jones
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190618582
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis A Portable Cosmos by : Alexander Jones

Download or read book A Portable Cosmos written by Alexander Jones and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-02 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Dead Sea Scrolls to the Terracotta Army, ancient artifacts have long fascinated the modern world. However, the importance of some discoveries is not always immediately understood. This was the case in 1901 when sponge divers retrieved a lump of corroded bronze from a shipwreck at the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea near the Greek island of Antikythera. Little did the divers know they had found the oldest known analog computer in the world, an astonishing device that once simulated the motions of the stars and planets as they were understood by ancient Greek astronomers. Its remains now consist of 82 fragments, many of them containing gears and plates engraved with Greek words, that scientists and scholars have pieced back together through painstaking inspection and deduction, aided by radiographic tools and surface imaging. More than a century after its discovery, many of the secrets locked in this mysterious device can now be revealed. In addition to chronicling the unlikely discovery of the Antikythera Mechanism, author Alexander Jones takes readers through a discussion of how the device worked, how and for what purpose it was created, and why it was on a ship that wrecked off the Greek coast around 60 BC. What the Mechanism has uncovered about Greco-Roman astronomy and scientific technology, and their place in Greek society, is truly amazing. The mechanical know-how that it embodied was more advanced than anything the Greeks were previously thought capable of, but the most recent research has revealed that its displays were designed so that an educated layman could understand the behavior of astronomical phenomena, and how intertwined they were with one's natural and social environment. It was at once a masterpiece of machinery as well as one of the first portable teaching devices. Written by a world-renowned expert on the Mechanism, A Portable Cosmos will fascinate all readers interested in ancient history, archaeology, and the history of science.

Eclipse and Revelation

Author : Associate Professor of Italian Renaissance Art and Architecture Henrike Lange
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192857991
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis Eclipse and Revelation by : Associate Professor of Italian Renaissance Art and Architecture Henrike Lange

Download or read book Eclipse and Revelation written by Associate Professor of Italian Renaissance Art and Architecture Henrike Lange and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024-02-06 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A uniquely prismatic representation of total solar eclipses, this volume invites us to imagine a liberated mode of discovery, perception, creativity, and knowledge-production across the traditional academic divisions.