Objectivity Science And Society

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Objectivity, Science and Society

Author : Paul A Komesaroff
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135028427
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Objectivity, Science and Society by : Paul A Komesaroff

Download or read book Objectivity, Science and Society written by Paul A Komesaroff and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-04 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1986. This work remains of compelling interest to those concerned with the natural sciences and their social problems. It puts forward original and unorthodox ideas about the philosophy of and sociology of science, starting from the conviction that modern societies face deep problems arising from unresolved dilemmas about the meaning, content and technical applications of the theories of nature they employ. The book draws on insights developed within a variety of traditions to explore these problems, especially the work of Edmund Husserl and modern critical theory.

Science, Society, and Values

Author : Sal P. Restivo
Publisher : Lehigh University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780934223218
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (232 download)

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Book Synopsis Science, Society, and Values by : Sal P. Restivo

Download or read book Science, Society, and Values written by Sal P. Restivo and published by Lehigh University Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: He has tried - in his career and, specifically, in this volume - to understand science without accepting the culture of science uncritically.

Science as Social Knowledge

Author : Helen E. Longino
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691209758
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Science as Social Knowledge by : Helen E. Longino

Download or read book Science as Social Knowledge written by Helen E. Longino and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional wisdom has it that the sciences, properly pursued, constitute a pure, value-free method of obtaining knowledge about the natural world. In light of the social and normative dimensions of many scientific debates, Helen Longino finds that general accounts of scientific methodology cannot support this common belief. Focusing on the notion of evidence, the author argues that a methodology powerful enough to account for theories of any scope and depth is incapable of ruling out the influence of social and cultural values in the very structuring of knowledge. The objectivity of scientific inquiry can nevertheless be maintained, she proposes, by understanding scientific inquiry as a social rather than an individual process. Seeking to open a dialogue between methodologists and social critics of the sciences, Longino develops this concept of "contextual empiricism" in an analysis of research programs that have drawn criticism from feminists. Examining theories of human evolution and of prenatal hormonal determination of "gender-role" behavior, of sex differences in cognition, and of sexual orientation, the author shows how assumptions laden with social values affect the description, presentation, and interpretation of data. In particular, Longino argues that research on the hormonal basis of "sex-differentiated behavior" involves assumptions not only about gender relations but also about human action and agency. She concludes with a discussion of the relation between science, values, and ideology, based on the work of Habermas, Foucault, Keller, and Haraway.

The Objectivity Crisis

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Objectivity Crisis by :

Download or read book The Objectivity Crisis written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Objectivity in Science

Author : Flavia Padovani
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319143492
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Objectivity in Science by : Flavia Padovani

Download or read book Objectivity in Science written by Flavia Padovani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This highly multidisciplinary collection discusses an increasingly important topic among scholars in science and technology studies: objectivity in science. It features eleven essays on scientific objectivity from a variety of perspectives, including philosophy of science, history of science, and feminist philosophy. Topics addressed in the book include the nature and value of scientific objectivity, the history of objectivity, and objectivity in scientific journals and communities. Taken individually, the essays supply new methodological tools for theorizing what is valuable in the pursuit of objective knowledge and for investigating its history. The essays offer many starting points, while suggesting new avenues of research. Taken collectively, the essays exemplify the very virtues of objectivity that they theorize—in reading them together, the reader can sense various anxieties about the dangerously subjective in our age and locate commonalities of concern as well as differences of approach. As a result, the volume offers an expansive vision of a research community seeking a communal understanding of its own methods and its own epistemic anxieties, struggling to enunciate the key problems of knowledge of our time and offer insight into how to overcome them.

Objectivity and Diversity

Author : Sandra Harding
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022624136X
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis Objectivity and Diversity by : Sandra Harding

Download or read book Objectivity and Diversity written by Sandra Harding and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2015-05-18 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DivSandra Harding is Distinguished Professor of Education and Gender Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, and Distinguished Affiliate Professor of Philosophy at Michigan State University. She is the editor of The Postcolonial Science and Technology Studies Reader and the author of Sciences from Below: Feminisms, Postcolonialities, and Modernities./div

Values, Objectivity, and the Social Sciences

Author : Gresham Riley
Publisher : Addison Wesley Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Values, Objectivity, and the Social Sciences by : Gresham Riley

Download or read book Values, Objectivity, and the Social Sciences written by Gresham Riley and published by Addison Wesley Publishing Company. This book was released on 1974 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Objectivity

Author : Lorraine Daston
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 558 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Objectivity by : Lorraine Daston

Download or read book Objectivity written by Lorraine Daston and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2007-03 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Daston and Galison chart the emergence of objectivity in the mid 19th century sciences and show how the concept differs from its alternatives, truth-to-nature and trained judgement. This is a story of lofty epistemic ideals fused with workaday practices in the making of scientific images.

Trust in Numbers

Author : Theodore M. Porter
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691208417
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis Trust in Numbers by : Theodore M. Porter

Download or read book Trust in Numbers written by Theodore M. Porter and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-08-18 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A foundational work on historical and social studies of quantification"--

Science, Objectivity, and Consciousness

Author : Emilios Bouratinos
Publisher : ICRL Press
ISBN 13 : 1936033305
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Science, Objectivity, and Consciousness by : Emilios Bouratinos

Download or read book Science, Objectivity, and Consciousness written by Emilios Bouratinos and published by ICRL Press. This book was released on with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thought-provoking work offers a profound scholarly examination of how the process of objectification has come to limit our scientific and philosophical views of reality. The author proposes a new self-reflective interdisciplinary science of consciousness, one that recognizes subjective experience as a vital component of the activity of consciousness. By creating a bridge over the subject-object divide, Emilios Bouratinos hopes to open a door to a new kind of science, leading to both the betterment of research in many fields and the long-term assurance of human survival.

Sociology and Scientism

Author : Robert C. Bannister
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469616238
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Sociology and Scientism by : Robert C. Bannister

Download or read book Sociology and Scientism written by Robert C. Bannister and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2014-02-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the 1920s a new generation of American sociologists tried to make their discipline more objective by adopting the methodology of the natural sciences. Robert Bannister provides the first comprehensive account of the emergence of this "objectivism" within the matrix of the evolutionism of Lester Ward and other founders of American sociology. Objectivism meant confining inquiry to the observable externals of social behavior and quantifying the results. Although objectivism was a marked departure from the theoretical and reformist sociology of the prewar years, and caused often-fierce intergenerational struggle, sociological objectivism had roots deep in prewar sociology. Objectivism first surfaced in the work of sociology's "second generation," the most prominent members of which completed their graduate work prior to World War I. It gradually took shape in what may be termed "realist" and "nominalist" variants, the first represented by Luther Lee Bernard and the second by William F. Ogburn and F. Stuart Chapin. For Bernard, a scientific sociology was radical, prescribing absolute standards for social policy. For Ogburn and Chapin, it was essentially statistical and advisory in the sense that experts would concern themselves exclusively with means rather than ends. Although the objectivists differed among themselves, they together precipitated battles within the American Sociological Society during the 1930s that challenged the monopoly of the Chicago School, paving the way for the informal alliance of Parsonian theorists and a new generation of quantifiers that dominated the profession throughout the 1950s. By shedding new light on the careers of Ward and the other founders and by providing original accounts of the careers of the leading objectivists, Bannister presents a unique look at the course of sociology before and after World War I. He puts theory formation in an institutional, ideological, and biographical setting, and thus offers an unparalleled look at the formation of a modern academic profession.

Objectivity in Social Science

Author : Frank Cunningham
Publisher : University of Toronto Press
ISBN 13 : 1442637951
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Objectivity in Social Science by : Frank Cunningham

Download or read book Objectivity in Social Science written by Frank Cunningham and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 1973-12-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The debates over objectivity in the social sciences have a long history; there have been contributions by philosophers and social theorists from a variety of viewpoints, including empiricism, phenomenology, pragmatism, and Marxism. Objectivity in Social Science combats the widespread opinion that objective inquiry is impossible in the social sciences by drawing together and exhibiting the weaknesses of arguments, taken from positions in the philosophies of science, social science, language, and perception, in favour of anti-objectivism, arguments which have recurred in one form or another throughout the course of these debates. As the author puts it, 'What I have attempted to offer is at the least a convenient map for finding one's way about in the tangle of issues surrounding the question of objectivity in social science and at the most a set of arguments sufficient to convince the perplexed, and presently wrong-headed, of the (objective) falsity of social-scientific anti-objectivism.' In the course of the book arguments advanced by such influential figures as Thomas Kuhn, Benjamin Lee Whorf, Karl Mannheim, N.R. Hanson, Peter Winch, Michael Polanyi, P.K. Feyerabend, and Jürgen Habermas, among others, are critically examined, as are attempts of pragmatists, phenomenologists, and others to construct alternatives to the objectivist interpretation of conflict and progress in the development of social-scientific knowledge.

Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal

Author : Heather Douglas
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Pre
ISBN 13 : 082297357X
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal by : Heather Douglas

Download or read book Science, Policy, and the Value-Free Ideal written by Heather Douglas and published by University of Pittsburgh Pre. This book was released on 2009-07-15 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The role of science in policymaking has gained unprecedented stature in the United States, raising questions about the place of science and scientific expertise in the democratic process. Some scientists have been given considerable epistemic authority in shaping policy on issues of great moral and cultural significance, and the politicizing of these issues has become highly contentious. Since World War II, most philosophers of science have purported the concept that science should be “value-free.” In Science, Policy and the Value-Free Ideal, Heather E. Douglas argues that such an ideal is neither adequate nor desirable for science. She contends that the moral responsibilities of scientists require the consideration of values even at the heart of science. She lobbies for a new ideal in which values serve an essential function throughout scientific inquiry, but where the role values play is constrained at key points, thus protecting the integrity and objectivity of science. In this vein, Douglas outlines a system for the application of values to guide scientists through points of uncertainty fraught with moral valence. Following a philosophical analysis of the historical background of science advising and the value-free ideal, Douglas defines how values should-and should not-function in science. She discusses the distinctive direct and indirect roles for values in reasoning, and outlines seven senses of objectivity, showing how each can be employed to determine the reliability of scientific claims. Douglas then uses these philosophical insights to clarify the distinction between junk science and sound science to be used in policymaking. In conclusion, she calls for greater openness on the values utilized in policymaking, and more public participation in the policymaking process, by suggesting various models for effective use of both the public and experts in key risk assessments.

Science and Objectivity

Author : Norriss S. Hetherington
Publisher : Wiley-Blackwell
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Objectivity by : Norriss S. Hetherington

Download or read book Science and Objectivity written by Norriss S. Hetherington and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1988 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Advocacy and Objectivity

Author : Mary Furner
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351533738
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (515 download)

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Book Synopsis Advocacy and Objectivity by : Mary Furner

Download or read book Advocacy and Objectivity written by Mary Furner and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This award-winning book of the Frederick Jackson Turner Studies describes the early development of social science professions in the United States. Furner traces the academic process in economics, sociology, and political science. She devotes considerable attention to economics in the 1880s, when first-generation professionals wrestled with the enormously difficult social questions associated with industrialization. Controversies among economists reflected an endemic tension in social science between the necessity of being recognized as objective scientists and an intense desire to advocate reforms. Molded by internal conflicts and external pressures, social science gradually changed. In the 1890s economics was defined more narrowly around market concerns. Both reformers and students of social dynamics gravitated to the emerging discipline of sociology, while political science professionalized around the important new field of public administration. This division of social science into specialized disciplines was especially significant as progressivism opened paths to power and influence for social science experts. Professionalization profoundly altered the role and contribution of social scientists in American life. Since the late nineteenth century, professionals have exerted increasing control over complex economic and social processes, often performing services that they themselves have helped to make essential. Furner here seeks to discover how emerging groups of American social scientists envisioned their role what rights and responsibilities they claimed how they hoped to perform a vital social function as they fulfilled their own ambitions, and what restraints they recognized.

Getting to Know the World Scientifically

Author : Paul Needham
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030402169
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Getting to Know the World Scientifically by : Paul Needham

Download or read book Getting to Know the World Scientifically written by Paul Needham and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-20 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This undergraduate textbook introduces some fundamental issues in philosophy of science for students of philosophy and science students. The book is divided into two parts. Part 1 deals with knowledge and values. Chap. 1 presents the classical conception of knowledge as initiated by the ancient Greeks and elaborated during the development of science, introducing the central concepts of truth, belief and justification. Aspects of the quest for objectivity are taken up in the following two chapters. Moral issues are broached in Chap. 4, which discusses some aspects of the use and abuse of science, taking up the responsibilities of scientists in properly conducting their business and decision-makers in their concerns with the import of science for society. Part 2 contrasts the view of scientific progress as the rejecting of old hypotheses and theories and replacing them with new ones, represented by Karl Popper, with the conception of progress as accumulating knowledge, saving as much as possible from older theories, represented by Pierre Duhem. A concluding chapter defends the natural attitude of taking the theories of modern science to be literally true, i.e. realism, in the face of arguments drawn partly from the history of scientific progress in criticism of this stance.

The Philosophy of Science

Author : George Couvalis
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1446238326
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (462 download)

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Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Science by : George Couvalis

Download or read book The Philosophy of Science written by George Couvalis and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1997-04-10 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive textbook provides a clear nontechnical introduction to the philosophy of science. Through asking whether science can provide us with objective knowledge of the world, the book provides a thorough and accessible guide to the key thinkers and debates that define the field. George Couvalis surveys traditional themes around theory and observation, induction, probability, falsification and rationality as well as more recent challenges to objectivity including relativistic, feminist and sociological readings. This provides a helpful framework in which to locate the key intellectual contributions to these debates, ranging from those of Mill and Hume, through Popper and Kuhn to Laudan, Bloor and Garfinkel among others.