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Nutritional Strategies To Optimize Efficiency Of Nitrogen Use By Lactating Dairy Cows
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Book Synopsis Nutritional Strategies to Optimize Efficiency of Nitrogen Use by Lactating Dairy Cows by : Jan Schuba
Download or read book Nutritional Strategies to Optimize Efficiency of Nitrogen Use by Lactating Dairy Cows written by Jan Schuba and published by . This book was released on 2018* with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amino-acids; cattle; excretion; goats; nitrogen; recommendations; ruminants; sheep; supply; urea
Book Synopsis Nutritional Strategies to Improve Nitrogen Efficiency and Reduce Nitrogen Excretion of Lactating Dairy Cows by : Susan M. Noftsger
Download or read book Nutritional Strategies to Improve Nitrogen Efficiency and Reduce Nitrogen Excretion of Lactating Dairy Cows written by Susan M. Noftsger and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The mechanism of action of 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio) butanoic acid and its effects on N efficiency, ruminal variables, and milk production and composition were examined. In Trial 1, metabolizable protein (MP) supply and AA balance was manipulated through selection of highly digestible RUP sources and Met supplementation. Treatments were: 1) 18.3% crude protein with low estimated intestinal digestibility of RUP; 2) 18.3% CP with high digestibility RUP; 3) 16.9% CP with high digestibility RUP; and 4) 17.0% CP with high digestibility RUP and supplemental Met. Supplementing the highly digestible RUP source with rumen available and rumen escape sources of Met resulted in maximal milk and protein production and maximum N efficiency by cows during the production trial. In Trial 2, continuous culture fermenters were used to determine the optimal concentration of HMB for digestibility of carbohydrates and synthesis of microbial N. Treatments were three concentrations of HMB (0, 0.055, and 0.110 %) and one concentration of dl-Met (0.097%). Digestibility of carbohydrate, other than ADF, was largely insensitive to treatment. Differences in concentration and production of individual VFA were seen and the proportion of bacterial N produced from NH3-N decreased linearly with increasing HMB. This suggests that supplementation of HMB may have a sparing effect on branched chain volatile fatty acids. In trial 3, eight cows were used to examine the passage of HMB from the rumen, ruminal effects of HMB, and effects on production, N utilization, VFA, and protozoa. Samples of omasal fluid were used to determine the amount of Met supplements passing out of the rumen. Treatments were: (1) no methionine (2) 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid at 0.10% of DM; (3) isopropyl HMB at 0.13% of DM; and (4) dl-methionine at 0.088% of DM. Digestibility in the rumen was not different. Protozoa were increased numerically in the omasum by HMB and HMBi treatments. The percentage of HMB that passed into the omasum was 5.3%. Only a small amount of HMBi was found as HMB in the omasum (2.3%).
Book Synopsis Nutritional strategies to improve nitrogen efficiency and milk protein synthesis in dairy cows by : James D. Ferguson
Download or read book Nutritional strategies to improve nitrogen efficiency and milk protein synthesis in dairy cows written by James D. Ferguson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nutritional Strategies for Optimizing Nitrogen Utilization by Dairy Cows by : Ignacio Rodolfo Ipharraguerre
Download or read book Nutritional Strategies for Optimizing Nitrogen Utilization by Dairy Cows written by Ignacio Rodolfo Ipharraguerre and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Identifying Strategies to Improve Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Lactating Dairy Cows by : Felipe Xavier Amaro
Download or read book Identifying Strategies to Improve Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency in Lactating Dairy Cows written by Felipe Xavier Amaro and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MI and longer WD. Long WD preserved water soluble carbohydrate concentrations in the silages, while it decreased CP concentrations. Predicted milk yield responses were greater when ensiled ryegrass was wilted for a shorter duration. Lastly, we evaluated (Chapter 6) the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on nutrient digestibility and ruminal N metabolism using a dual-flow continuous culture system. Incremental doses of AFB1 (0 to 150 micrograms/kg of diet DM) did not affect nutrient digestibility, fermentation parameters, and flows of N. Aflatoxin B1 increased with dose at 1 h but decreased to undetectable levels 4 h post-dosing. The clearance of AFB1 under our experimental conditions may be a function of microbial degradation, system passage rate, or the interaction of both factors.
Book Synopsis Nutritional Strategies to Influence Milk Production, Composition, Processabilty and Nitrogen Excretion of Lactating Dairy Cows by : Zoe Charlotte McKay
Download or read book Nutritional Strategies to Influence Milk Production, Composition, Processabilty and Nitrogen Excretion of Lactating Dairy Cows written by Zoe Charlotte McKay and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Interrelations Between Dietary Energetics and Nitrogen Efficiency Using Essential Amino Acid Balancing in Lactating Dairy Cattle by : Paul Andrew LaPierre
Download or read book Interrelations Between Dietary Energetics and Nitrogen Efficiency Using Essential Amino Acid Balancing in Lactating Dairy Cattle written by Paul Andrew LaPierre and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improvements in nitrogen (N) utilization as it pertains to ruminant animals has been a long-held focus of many nutritionally based research programs. Traditional evaluation of this metric uses the relationship of a ruminant's productive N output, calculated as a sum of milk protein, lean muscle gain, and fetal growth in the event of pregnancy, relative to the intake of dietary CP or metabolizable supply (MP); however, the consideration of an animal's energetic status relative to N supply is often overlooked when optimizing N and amino acid (AA) use efficiency. Nonetheless, efforts have been made to incorporate the use of this relationship within the most recent version of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS v.7). Findings recommend an optimal supply of each essential AA (EAA) relative to metabolizable energy (ME) which should be fed to maximize EAA efficiency without compromising lactation performance. The work described in this dissertation looks to explore these relationships under different conditions of nutrient supply to cattle. The first objective was to evaluate variation within the dataset used to calculate the optimized supply of EAA relative to ME. This was accomplished in the first study in which three diets varying in EAA supply relative to ME were fed in a longitudinal feeding trial and tested lactation performance and EAA efficiency of use. Cattle fed the diet which met the optimum supply of EAA relative to ME (NEU diet) were able to improve milk volume and energy corrected milk (ECM) yield while having the highest N use efficiency (NUE; 0.343) over the other diets fed. This work is in support of the previously optimized supply and was used to test the second objective of this dissertation, which included an evaluation of NUE when different levels of glucogenic nutrients and EAA are supplied.ii The second feeding trial used a 2 x 2 factorial design, with two levels of dietary starch and two levels of EAA supply. Results suggested improvements in the milk protein output when cattle were fed more glucogenic nutrients; however, ECM yield was not different among diets due to improvements in milk fat yield for diets that were fed more lipogenic nutrients in substitution of glucogenic nutrients. Further changes in dry matter intake (DMI), due to shifts in rumen uNDF pool size, skewed feed efficiency results which might have altered the NUE of these diets unintentionally. Future work is required to avoid these unintended consequences and allow for the appropriate testing of varied glucogenic and lipogenic nutrient supplies. Lastly, this dissertation assessed previously recommended EAA supply relative to ME using optimized values for the efficiency of EAA use. This was performed by constructing a dataset from CNCPS v.7 predictions of the feeding trials described previously. Logistic models were fitted to describe the relationship between EAA supplied and CNCPS v.7 predictions for EAA requirements so that the optimized efficiency of use for these EAA could be ascertained. Once identified, loglogistic models were fitted to describe the relationship between EAA efficiency of use and the supply of EAA relative to ME and make predictions on the optimum supply of EAA relative to ME. Findings indicate similar results for the optimum efficiency of use and subsequent supply relative to ME for most EAA. Of importance was the ability to predict the optimum supply of Met and Lys to within 0.03 g/Mcal ME when these rederived numbers were compared to previous recommendations. Collectively, AA balancing can prove to be a useful tool in improving the productive efficiency of a herd and recommendations for the optimal supply of EAA relative to ME should be followed given their repeatability in different datasets used to calculate them.
Book Synopsis Physiological Aspects of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants by : T. Tsuda
Download or read book Physiological Aspects of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants written by T. Tsuda and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is comprised of invited papers presented at the Seventh International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology, held in Sendai, Japan, in September 1989. Papers are invited on the recommendations of 300 international experts. The proceedings of this symposia provides the most comprehensive coverage available of current research in ruminant physiology.
Book Synopsis Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production by : Fulvia Bovera
Download or read book Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production written by Fulvia Bovera and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-04-23 with total page 535 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the scientific contributions published within the Animals topical collection “Feeding Strategies to Improve Sustainability and Welfare in Animal Production”. Originally a Special Issue, it has turned into a permanent collection, with its first article being published in July 2019 and more than 30 published articles a year later: evidence of the great interest from the scientific community regarding the topics addressed. The articles, which are grouped by species (poultry, ruminants, pigs, etc.) and by topic, deal with a wide range of arguments that, first of all, highlight the extraordinary complexity and diversity that exists in the animal production sector, and then, the great influence that nutrition and feeding can have in terms of optimizing the use of environmental resources and improving the welfare of farmed animals. In addition, all this is closely connected with the urgent need to safeguard the resources of the planet on which we live.
Book Synopsis Field and Laboratory Methods for Grassland and Animal Production Research by : L. 't Mannetje
Download or read book Field and Laboratory Methods for Grassland and Animal Production Research written by L. 't Mannetje and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers a range of methods used by plant and animal production scientists to study grassland vegetation and animal performance. This volume replaces a previous title, ''Measurement of Grassland Vegetation and Animal Production'', published in 1978, but incorporates many new topics.
Book Synopsis Protein Nutrition in Dairy Cows by : Paulina Letelier
Download or read book Protein Nutrition in Dairy Cows written by Paulina Letelier and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The release of N into the environment is having a severe negative impact in the ecosystems and human health. The dairy industry is under pressure to improve the N utilization and reduce the N losses to the environment. This work comprises 1 meta-analysis, and 2 cow experiments that aimed to study the effect of protein nutrition, amino acids (AA), and sampling methodologies on cow performance, and N utilization responses of lactating dairy cows. The meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association of plasma essential AA (EAA) profile with cow performance and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN). A hierarchical clustering revealed 2 plasma EAA clusters. Cows in cluster 1 had lower proportion of Leu and Val and greater proportion of Phe, Lys, Ile and Thr in total plasma EAA, greater milk, protein and fat yield and numerically lower PUN than cows in cluster 2. Our findings suggested the existence of an association between the plasma EAA profile and productive performance. The first cow experiment evaluated three protocols to determine urinary urea-N (UUN) excretion, the end-product of N metabolism in dairy cows. Urinary urea-N excretion was lower when determined by spot sampling compared to bladder catheterization or via an external collection cup device. Urinary urea-N and creatinine concentration were greater for spot sampling than for bladder catheterization. Urine specific gravity explained 66.5, 73.2, and 32.1% of the variation in urine output for bladder catheterization, collection cup and spot sampling, respectively. Increasing salt in the diet tended to increase urine output, decrease urinary urea concentration as well as milk protein concentration and yield. Finally, the last cow experiment evaluated production performance of dairy cows when fed 4 levels of dietary crude protein (CP) at different stages of lactation. Milk energy output was influenced by the interaction between dietary CP and stage of lactation. At 180 days in milk, feeding diets with more than 16.3% up to 17.4% CP marginally increased milk energy output from 31.5 to 32.6 Mcal/d. At 270 days in milk, the predicted responses of milk energy output to dietary CP decreased, resulting in a marginal improvement (24.5 vs. 25.8 Mcal/d) when cows were fed diet with more than 15.6% up to 16.9% CP. Nitrogen use efficiency linearly decreased with increasing levels of dietary CP.
Book Synopsis Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-02-09 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This widely used reference has been updated and revamped to reflect the changing face of the dairy industry. New features allow users to pinpoint nutrient requirements more accurately for individual animals. The committee also provides guidance on how nutrient analysis of feed ingredients, insights into nutrient utilization by the animal, and formulation of diets to reduce environmental impacts can be applied to productive management decisions. The book includes a user-friendly computer program on a compact disk, accompanied by extensive context-sensitive "Help" options, to simulate the dynamic state of animals. The committee addresses important issues unique to dairy science-the dry or transition cow, udder edema, milk fever, low-fat milk, calf dehydration, and more. The also volume covers dry matter intake, including how to predict feed intake. It addresses the management of lactating dairy cows, utilization of fat in calf and lactation diets, and calf and heifer replacement nutrition. In addition, the many useful tables include updated nutrient composition for commonly used feedstuffs.
Book Synopsis Modelling Nutrient Utilization in Farm Animals by : J. P. McNamara
Download or read book Modelling Nutrient Utilization in Farm Animals written by J. P. McNamara and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes current research in modelling nutrient use in farm animals, from cellular to ecosystem level. The chapters are developed from papers presented at a satellite meeting of the 9th International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology, held in South Africa in October 1999.Excellent papers from a top list of contributorsEditors of great reputationCovers the current topics of interest
Book Synopsis Large Dairy Herd Management by : H. H. Van Horn
Download or read book Large Dairy Herd Management written by H. H. Van Horn and published by American Dairy Science Association. This book was released on 1992 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition by : W. Haresign
Download or read book Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition written by W. Haresign and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition-1981 is a collection of papers that discusses the effects of dietary fat on milk composition, relating it to the biochemistry of fat synthesis in the mammary gland. The influence of concentrates on milk composition as well as the pattern and level of concentrate feeding on milk output are also covered. The book describes the need for better utilization of grass and grass products in dairy production, the mineral and trace element requirements of pigs; the importance of anion-cation balance in poultry diets and its effects on performance levels; and the selenium and cobalt requirements of ruminants. The problems of medicinal residues in animal products and the toxicological effects of aflatoxin residues in animal products are also considered. People involved in agriculture, dairy production and animal nutrition will find the book useful.
Book Synopsis Nutrition and Lactation in the Dairy Cow by : Philip C. Garnsworthy
Download or read book Nutrition and Lactation in the Dairy Cow written by Philip C. Garnsworthy and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1988 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis INRA feeding system for ruminants by : INRA
Download or read book INRA feeding system for ruminants written by INRA and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 639 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The INRA Feeding System for Ruminants has been renewed to better address emerging challenges for animal nutrition: prevision of productive responses, product quality, animal health and emissions to the environment, in a larger extent of breeding contexts. The new system is mainly built from meta-analyses of large data bases, and modelling. The dietary supply model accounts for digestive interactions and flows of individual nutrients, so that feed values depend on the final ration. Animal requirements account for variability in metabolic efficiency. Various productive and non-productive animal responses to diets are quantified. This book presents the whole system for dairy and meat, large and small ruminant production, including specificities for tropical and Mediterranean areas. The first two sections present biological concepts and equations (with their field of application and statistical accuracy) used to predict intake (including at grazing) and nutrient supply (Section 1), animal’s requirements and multiple responses to diets (Section 2). They apply to net energy, metabolisable protein and amino acids, water, minerals and vitamins. Section 3 presents the use of concepts and equations in rationing with two purposes: (1) diet calculation for a given performance objective; and (2) prediction of the multiple responses of animal to diet changes. Section 4 displays the tables of feed values, and their prevision. All the equations and concepts are embedded in the fifth version of INRAtion® software for practical use.
