Nuclear Command And Control Norms

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Nuclear Command and Control Norms

Author : Salma Shaheen
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429790791
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (297 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Command and Control Norms by : Salma Shaheen

Download or read book Nuclear Command and Control Norms written by Salma Shaheen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a new analytical framework for studying nuclear command and control (C2), based on a comparative study of four nuclear weapons states (NWS). The subject of nuclear operations management has long been shrouded in secrecy, and whilst the importance of nuclear C2 cannot be disputed, there are few academic studies into how and why states develop these systems. This volume includes a comparative study of the development of nuclear C2 by four different NWS (Britain, China, India, and Pakistan) and demonstrates that, despite several differences, there is a central set of factors that remain constant. The analytical framework used in this study identifies key factors that can potentially shape the evolution and stability of nuclear C2. These factors include geostrategic (threat) environment, international norms, leadership, and control of nuclear operations (civil-military control). The book also analyses the interaction among different stakeholders within the nuclear C2 enterprise. It recognises that politicians, the military and scientists all have key but different roles to play, and the way these stakeholders have learned to co-exist with each other is explored. This volume offers a set of dynamics that could form a global norm for nuclear C2, serving as a standard for new entrants into the nuclear club. This book will be of much interest to students of nuclear proliferation, global governance, and International Relations in general.

Strategic Command and Control

Author : Bruce G. Blair
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 9780815709817
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis Strategic Command and Control by : Bruce G. Blair

Download or read book Strategic Command and Control written by Bruce G. Blair and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 1985 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past twenty-five years, U.S. strategists have argued that avoiding nuclear war depends on deterring a Soviet first strike by ensuring that U.S. forces could survive a surprise attack in numbers sufficient to inflict unacceptable damage in retaliation. U.S. military and political leaders have thus emphasized acquiring more powerful and accurate weaponry and providing better protection for it.

American Nuclear Attack Doctrine

Author : U. S. Military
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781549826597
Total Pages : 87 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (265 download)

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Book Synopsis American Nuclear Attack Doctrine by : U. S. Military

Download or read book American Nuclear Attack Doctrine written by U. S. Military and published by . This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 87 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is the official U.S. Air Force (USAF) doctrine for nuclear war, addressing the issue of command and control, and clearly stating that only the President can make explicit orders to employ nuclear weapons at any level. This doctrine document was updated in 2015. Air Force nuclear forces consist of delivery systems; nuclear command, control, and communications (NC3) capabilities; personnel; and the physical infrastructure for sustainment. Intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) and dual-capable bombers and fighters are the Air Force's delivery platforms. Combined with the Navy's submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs) and other assets, these forces form the nuclear triad. Each nuclear-capable system offers distinct advantages. SLBMs offer survivability whereas ICBMs are the most responsive, offering prompt, on-alert capability combined with dispersed fielding; also, attacks on ICBMs are unambiguous attacks against the United States. Dual-capable bomber and fighter aircraft offer mission flexibility and a capability to provide distinct signaling in a crisis through posturing to alert and through shows of force. Deterrence, extended deterrence, assurance, dissuasion, and defeat stem from the credibility of our nuclear capabilities in the minds of those we seek to deter, assure, or dissuade. The objectives of deterring adversaries and assuring allies require visible and credible nuclear capabilities. This credibility is attained through focused day-today training, periodic exercises, and regular inspections which underpin the credibility of US nuclear capability. As a bonus, this reproduction also includes the historic vintage 1961 civil defense document about radioactive fallout and shelters. Written during the most dangerous days of the Cold War, this guide was designed to advise Americans on what to do after a thermonuclear attack. The text reads: "There is no escaping the fact that nuclear conflict would leave a tragic world. The areas of blast and fire would be scenes of havoc, devastation, and death. For the part of the country outside the immediate range of the explosions, it would be a time of extraordinary hardship-both for the Nation and for the individual. The effects of fallout radiation would be present in areas not decontaminated. Transportation and communication would be disrupted. The Nation would be prey to strange rumors and fears. But if effective precautions have been taken in advance, it need not be a time of despair. These are somber subjects, and they presuppose a catastrophe which can be made very unlikely by wise and positive policies, pursued with imagination and faith. Still, realistic preparation for what might happen is far more useful than blindness, whether from fear or ignorance. A sane and sober person can assume that, whatever comes to pass, he would draw on his reserve of courage and intelligence-and the unquenchable will to live-and begin to build again."

Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications (NC3) in Asia Pacific

Author : Peter Hayes
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (126 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications (NC3) in Asia Pacific by : Peter Hayes

Download or read book Nuclear Command, Control, and Communications (NC3) in Asia Pacific written by Peter Hayes and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, there are no international standards or norms that are specific to NC3 operations—the sole exception being the clause in US-Soviet/Russian nuclear arms treaties that proscribes interference with national technical means, which is an integral part of NC3. Of course, all international humanitarian laws and related treaties that apply in general to the use of nuclear weapons apply to NC3 personnel, military and civilian. Whether NC3 operations in the nine nuclear weapons states are sufficiently rigorous, robust, and secure to ensure that nuclear weapons will not be used except in extremis— defined by the International Court of Justice’s 1996 ruling on the legality of nuclear weapons was when the existence of the state itself is threatened—is doubtful. There is some evidence that at least lip service is paid to how international law shapes nuclear use options in the various elements that constitute NC3 including all instructions, orders, guidance, training, domestic laws, and the overall design of the NC3 architecture to ensure negative controls and avoid mistaken nuclear strikes. The standard for operating NC3 that is consistent with international law may be so high as impossible to achieve, in which case systematic tests against the legal criteria, similar to those conducted to ascertain the reliability with which nuclear weapons can be delivered, would rule out deployment.

The Bounds of the Possible : Nuclear Command and Control in the Information Age

Author : Thomas R. Bendel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 16 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (985 download)

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Book Synopsis The Bounds of the Possible : Nuclear Command and Control in the Information Age by : Thomas R. Bendel

Download or read book The Bounds of the Possible : Nuclear Command and Control in the Information Age written by Thomas R. Bendel and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Nuclear Command, Control and Communication (NC3)

Author : Kristin Goodwin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (863 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Command, Control and Communication (NC3) by : Kristin Goodwin

Download or read book Nuclear Command, Control and Communication (NC3) written by Kristin Goodwin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Thou0gh often overlooked in policy debates surrounding the modernization of U.S. nuclear forces, the nuclear command, control and communication (NC3) systems and personnel which support those forces represent one of the most important investments Congress and the military will make regarding the future security of the United States. The United States faces an increasingly multipolar world where the proliferation of advanced technologies and weapon systems have enabled comparatively weaker nations and even non-state actors to exert an inordinate amount of pressure on U.S. national interests and security. U.S. NC3 nodes make a tempting target for potential aggressors, as disrupting or destroying them could severely blunt U.S. nuclear retaliatory capabilities. This method of attack could theoretically be accomplished with a relatively small-scale "bolt from the blue" strike. Even without a conspicuous rival facing the United States today, the capabilities being developed by potential adversaries have serious ramifications for the future of U.S. national security."--Abstract.

Questions of Command and Control

Author : Martin Butcher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Questions of Command and Control by : Martin Butcher

Download or read book Questions of Command and Control written by Martin Butcher and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Nuclear Command and Control: Current Programs and Issues

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Command and Control: Current Programs and Issues by :

Download or read book Nuclear Command and Control: Current Programs and Issues written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nuclear Command and Control System (NCCS) infrastructure supports the President and his combatant commanders when they direct nuclear forces. This report discusses the current role of the NCCS in light of the 2001 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) and the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR), examines current issues surrounding the NCCS, reviews modernization initiatives, summarizes NCCS functions and characteristics, and reviews NCCS platforms.

Understanding Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control

Author : Teena Mayers
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control by : Teena Mayers

Download or read book Understanding Nuclear Weapons and Arms Control written by Teena Mayers and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for secondary and college level students and teachers, this guide discusses the nuclear arms control issue. There are four sections. Section I discusses U.S. nuclear strategy from 1945 to the present, strategic nuclear weapons competition between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.), U.S. administrations and U.S.S.R. counterparts, and international concerns. Section II examines characteristics of nuclear weaponry, the MX missile, defense systems, and the source of authorization for the release of U.S. nuclear weapons. Section III focuses on the negotiating process, SALT talks, verification, existing treaties and agreements, ongoing arms control negotiations, and violation concerns. Topics discussed in the concluding section, section IV, include the effects of nuclear war and civil defense. Arms control terms are defined, and acronyms used in nuclear weapons issues are listed. An index is provided. (RM)

Nuclear Arms Control, with Effective International Agreements

Author : Julie Dahlitz
Publisher : Melbourne : McPhee Gribble
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Arms Control, with Effective International Agreements by : Julie Dahlitz

Download or read book Nuclear Arms Control, with Effective International Agreements written by Julie Dahlitz and published by Melbourne : McPhee Gribble. This book was released on 1983 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Nuclear Command and Control and Strategic Stability

Author : Giles David Arceneaux
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Command and Control and Strategic Stability by : Giles David Arceneaux

Download or read book Nuclear Command and Control and Strategic Stability written by Giles David Arceneaux and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study defines the concept of nuclear command and control, details the challenges that command and control systems pose for strategic stability, identifies challenges to strategic stability emanating from Russia, China and North Korea, and discusses opportunities for policymakers to reinforce strategic stability in those regions. Although nuclear command and control systems are difficult to shape directly, policymakers can promote strategic stability by engaging in near-term efforts to strengthen nuclear deterrence and long-term efforts to achieve limited arms control agreements between countries.

The De-escalation of Nuclear Crises

Author : Joseph E. Nation
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1349127345
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (491 download)

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Book Synopsis The De-escalation of Nuclear Crises by : Joseph E. Nation

Download or read book The De-escalation of Nuclear Crises written by Joseph E. Nation and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991-06-18 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The de-escalation of a nuclear crisis is one of the major issues facing humankind. This book examines how nations in crises might successfully move back from the brink of nuclear war and how confidence-building measures might help and hinder the de-escalatory process.

Nuclear Command and Control

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Nuclear Command and Control by :

Download or read book Nuclear Command and Control written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nuclear Command and Control System (NCCS) infrastructure supports the President and his combatant commanders when they direct nuclear forces. This report discusses the current role of the NCCS in light of the 2001 Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) and the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR), examines current issues surrounding the NCCS, reviews modernization initiatives, summarizes NCCS functions and characteristics, and reviews NCCS platforms. Key NCCS platforms include fixed locations such as the National Military Command Center (NMCC), the U.S. Strategic Command (USSTRATCOM) Global Operations Center (GOC), and Site-R, and mobile platforms such as the E-4B National Airborne Operations Center (NAOC), the E-6B Airborne Command Post (ABNCP), and the Mobile Consolidated Command Center (MCCC). The NCCS must support situation monitoring, tactical warning and attack assessment of missile launches, senior leader decision making, dissemination of Presidential force-direction orders, and management of geographically dispersed forces. The Department of Defense's (DOD's) 2001 NPR proposed a "new triad" of offensive nuclear and conventional forces, passive and active defenses, and a robust infrastructure, tied together by the command, control, computers, communication, intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, and planning architecture to confront the new, allegedly unpredictable post-Cold War environment. Adapting to non-nuclear responses and active defenses poses additional challenges for the current NCCS. Some might question the continued relevancy of the legacy Cold War NCCS architecture. It was designed against a "decapitation" threat from the Soviet Union. This threat might not still exist. However, some believe China is investing in a nuclear capability to compete with the United States. Iran and North Korea might be developing nuclear capabilities that, if not used to strike directly at the United States or U.S. forces, might be used to generate an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) that could wreck U.S. infrastructure. In addition to confronting these potential catastrophic threats, the NCCS could direct conventional military operations, aid continuity of government in crises, and support civil authorities during natural disasters or emergencies. The Defense Department has proposed several modernization and procurement initiatives in its 2007 budget. The DOD budget requests upgrades for the Minimum Essential Emergency Communications Network (MEECN) links to the intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs), bombers, and tanker forces. It incorporates a redesign and consolidation of the NMCC, as part of ongoing Pentagon renovation efforts. It proposes several communications and aircraft upgrades to the E-4B NAOC and the E-6B ABNCP. It seeks funding for a sweeping upgrade to its satellite communications capability through the Advanced Extremely High Frequency (AEHF) program and its follow-on, the Transformational Communications Satellite (TSAT) program. This report will be updated as needed.

Command and Control in New Nuclear States

Author : David C. Foley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 83 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (41 download)

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Book Synopsis Command and Control in New Nuclear States by : David C. Foley

Download or read book Command and Control in New Nuclear States written by David C. Foley and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Command and control systems of new nuclear states are likely to fail when placed under stress. This thesis will demonstrate that such failures can dramatically affect regional or international stability. Describing the current argument over the consequences of nuclear proliferation between proliferation pessimists and deterrence optimists, this thesis shows how C2 is in fact the crux of the debate. This thesis develops an analytical tool that may be applied to new nuclear states in order to classify their C2 systems and to predict when and how these evolving systems might fail. To show the tool's usefulness, it is applied to Ukraine, an important new nuclear state. This thesis also suggests several implications for U.S. foreign policy.

Command/control of Nuclear Forces

Author : Robert G. Quirk
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 80 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (67 download)

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Book Synopsis Command/control of Nuclear Forces by : Robert G. Quirk

Download or read book Command/control of Nuclear Forces written by Robert G. Quirk and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Unraveling Entanglement

Author : Don Snyder
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Unraveling Entanglement by : Don Snyder

Download or read book Unraveling Entanglement written by Don Snyder and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The systems used for command and control in the U.S. military are undergoing modernization with an eye toward greater integration and interoperability. Recent arguments have emphasized the increased risk of inadvertent escalation from integrating and comingling conventional and nuclear command and control (NC2) systems. In this report, the authors argue that these concerns are overstated and that the risks introduced are manageable. That said, the different risks associated with using non-dedicated systems for NC2 warrant more-focused attention to (1) achieve mission assurance for command and control, (2) retain presidential and senior leader confidence in command and control capabilities even when systems degrade under attack, and (3) control the ability to send and receive signals of resolve and restraint through command and control.

The Proliferation Puzzle

Author : Zachary S. Davis
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000199703
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis The Proliferation Puzzle by : Zachary S. Davis

Download or read book The Proliferation Puzzle written by Zachary S. Davis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-01 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1993, this volume was unique in its scope and approach: Unlike most literature on nuclear weapons proliferation at the time, the essays in this volume offer theoretical discussions and suggest testable hypotheses about the causes and effects of nuclear weapons proliferation. The proliferation of nuclear weapons is an ideal subject for social science scholarship, and such scholarship is especially timely now. Among the topics discussed in The Proliferation Puzzle are: The building of nuclear weapons is a complex task touching upon many of the subjects of study at the core of social science and international relations. Nuclear weapons may be acquired as a hedge against external threat, for reasons of national prestige, or as a result of pressures by domestic coalitions among scientists, bureaucrats, and the military. They may be sought for defensive purposes or to support hegemonic aspirations. Nuclear weapons also raise questions about civilian command and control, especially in crisis situations. During the last two decades the acquisition of nuclear weapons has been proscribed by the non-proliferation regime. The decisions countries made about acquiring these weapons and the manner they chose to build them serve as a test of the efficacy of this particular regime, and of international regimes more generally. Nuclear weapons were introduced at the time bipolarity became the international order. As the world moves away from bipolarity, there is a need to answer questions such as: What would be the effect of nuclear weapons in a multipolar order? How will the spread of nuclear weapons affect the distribution of capabilities among states? If nuclear weapons spread to additional countries, will they enhance stability or exacerbate instability? Can the spread of these weapons be managed or controlled? This book brings together scholars from different schools within international relations and the social sciences to address the question of why nuclear weapons spread. A disciplined, rigorous examination of proliferation is important not only for scholarship but also for informed policymaking. The purpose of social science is to formulate hypotheses and devise theories that advance our understanding of society and aid in the fashioning of enlightened policy. The essays in this volume show how explicit hypotheses about the causes and consequences of nuclear weapons proliferation provide a deeper understanding of the problem and suggest specific, theory-informed policy recommendations.