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Novel Molecular Mechanisms Of Neuronal And Vascular Protection In Experimental Glaucoma
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Book Synopsis Novel Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal and Vascular Protection in Experimental Glaucoma by : Mohammadali Almasieh
Download or read book Novel Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal and Vascular Protection in Experimental Glaucoma written by Mohammadali Almasieh and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Death in Glaucoma by : Nitin Chitranshi
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Neuronal Death in Glaucoma written by Nitin Chitranshi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In glaucoma, loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and axons leads to blindness; preservation of RGC neurons is therefore a major therapeutic goal. Increasing pressure (intraocular pressure, IOP) is a major risk factor in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Therapeutic lowering of IOP has been shown to be protective against glaucoma. However, despite IOP lowering many patients continue to demonstrate progressive glaucomatous neuropathy thus warranting additional intervention strategies. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its high affinity receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) are reported to play important role in preservation of RGCs. In this thesis, I have investigated BDNF-TrkB signaling in neuronal cells and have explored the binding pattern of agonist and antagonist to the neurotrophin receptors. I have also investigated TrkB activity by modulating Shp2 phosphatase (PTPN11) in SH-SY5Y cells, in both healthy rodents and an experimental glaucoma animal model, using viral vector gene therapy. The results show that BDNF regulates the GSK3[beta] activity in RGC-5, PC-12 and animal RGCs. Shp2 modulation regulates TrkB phosphorylation and endoplasmic stress response in SH-SY5Y and in the RGCs of both healthy and experimental glaucoma animal models. Shp2 overexpression in SH-SY5Y cells and animal retina, was associated with TrkB antagonism, reduced neuritogenesis, loss of retinal structural & functional integrity and enhanced ER stress response leading to apoptotic changes. Conversely, Shp2 knock down in an animal model of elevated IOP resulted in protection of the retinal structural and functional integrity. These observations correlated with enhanced TrkB phosphorylation in RGCs in response to genetic knockdown of Shp2 expression in experimental animal glaucoma model. The current findings reinforce the role played by Shp2 in regulating signaling in neuronal cells and highlight that Shp2 dysregulation is detrimental for the inner retina. Based on these observations we propose that selective targeting of Shp2 in RGCs may be a promising therapeutic strategy in glaucoma.
Download or read book Webvision written by Helga Kolb and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Endothelium written by Michel Félétou and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The endothelium, a monolayer of endothelial cells, constitutes the inner cellular lining of the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) and the lymphatic system, and therefore is in direct contact with the blood/lymph and the circulating cells. The endothelium is a major player in the control of blood fluidity, platelet aggregation and vascular tone, a major actor in the regulation of immunology, inflammation and angiogenesis, and an important metabolizing and an endocrine organ. Endothelial cells controls vascular tone, and thereby blood flow, by synthesizing and releasing relaxing and contracting factors such as nitric oxide, metabolites of arachidonic acid via the cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450 pathways, various peptides (endothelin, urotensin, CNP, adrenomedullin, etc.), adenosine, purines, reactive oxygen species and so on. Additionally, endothelial ectoenzymes are required steps in the generation of vasoactive hormones such as angiotensin II. An endothelial dysfunction linked to an imbalance in the synthesis and/or the release of these various endothelial factors may explain the initiation of cardiovascular pathologies (from hypertension to atherosclerosis) or their development and perpetuation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Multiple Functions of the Endothelial Cells / Calcium Signaling in Vascular Cells and Cell-to-Cell Communications / Endothelium-Dependent Regulation of Vascular Tone / Conclusion / References
Book Synopsis Molecular Mechanisms of Retinal Cell Degeneration and Regeneration by : Glenn Prazere Lobo
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Retinal Cell Degeneration and Regeneration written by Glenn Prazere Lobo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-04-21 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Neuroglia Molecular Mechanisms in Psychiatric Disorders by : Caterina Scuderi
Download or read book Neuroglia Molecular Mechanisms in Psychiatric Disorders written by Caterina Scuderi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-01-21 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuropsychiatric disorders have long been considered as specific dysfunctions of neuronal functions. Studies of the recent decade, however, have challenged this simplistic view, highlighting the important role played by neuroglial cells in the onset and/or progression of neuropsychiatric diseases. In the central nervous system (CNS) non-excitable neuroglia are represented by cells of ectodermal origin (astrocytes, mainly responsible for CNS homeostasis and oligodendrocytes that provide myelination and support for axons) and mesodermal origin (microglial cells that are scions of foetal macrophages entering the neural tube early in development; these cells provide for CNS defence and contribute to shaping neuronal networks). Pathological changes of neuroglia are complex; these changes are classified into reactive gliosis (astrogliosis, activation of microglia and hypertrophy of oligodendroglial precursors), gliodegeneration with loss of function and glial pathological remodelling. Combination of these processes defines the evolution of neurological diseases in general and neuropsychiatric disorders in particular. In this research topic we addressed the contribution of neuroglia to major neuropsychiatric pathologies including major depression, schizophrenia, and addictive disorders.
Book Synopsis A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of the Eye by : Mackenzie
Download or read book A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of the Eye written by Mackenzie and published by . This book was released on 1840 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Atlas of Glaucoma by : Neil T. Choplin
Download or read book Atlas of Glaucoma written by Neil T. Choplin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-06-04 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glaucoma affects all age groups and is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. It is imperative that practicing clinicians and surgeons recognize both primary and secondary glaucoma as well as cases of glaucoma associated with other disorders. Atlas of Glaucoma, Third Edition provides an in-depth review and analysis of the management of glaucoma an
Book Synopsis Tissue Barriers in Disease, Injury and Regeneration by : Nikolai V. Gorbunov
Download or read book Tissue Barriers in Disease, Injury and Regeneration written by Nikolai V. Gorbunov and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-19 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tissue Barriers in Disease, Injury and Regeneration focuses on the molecular and cellular fundamentals of homeostatic and defense responses of tissue barriers, covering the damaging impacts and exposure to pathogens and engineered nanomaterials. Sections emphasize the role of mesenchymal stoma, vascular, epithelial, telocyte, myofibroblast, lymphoid and reticuloendothelial cells, along with reactions that bridge the effects of ambient factors, medical treatments, drag delivery systems with alterations in barrier integrity, tissue/organ functions, and metabolic status. Other sections cover the role of progenitor cells of different origins in the remodeling and regeneration of tissue stroma, vasculature of blood-tissue barriers, and more. Includes special emphasis on the role of mesenchymal stoma, vascular, epithelial, telocyte, myofibroblast, lymphoid and reticuloendothelial cells in the development of reactions that bridge the effects of ambient factors, medical treatments, drag delivery systems with alterations in barrier integrity, tissue/organ functions, and in metabolic status Examines the role of progenitor cells of different origins in the remodeling and regeneration of tissue stroma, the vasculature of blood-tissue barriers, and mucosa and external epithelium
Book Synopsis Imaging in Glaucoma by : Joel S. Schuman
Download or read book Imaging in Glaucoma written by Joel S. Schuman and published by Slack. This book was released on 1997 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents a comprehensive evaluation of the recent and emerging imaging technologies for the clinical assessment of glaucoma. It should provide an understanding of the technology that is available and the results to expect from each method.
Download or read book Ocular Pathology written by Myron Yanoff and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new, 5th Edition of the premier ocular pathology resource offers the latest information in the field. Over 2095 illustrations *1800 in full color* from the authors' collections represent one of the finest compilations of rare and unusual ocular conditions available. Comprehensive, yet concise, it explores new topics such as complications of corneal surgery, vascular disorders, secondary cataracts, bone-marrow transplant retinopathy, neural retinal detachment, ocular melanotic tumors, and more. Plus, a companion CD-ROM and text/CD-ROM package are available! Explores new topics such as complications of corneal surgery, vascular disorders, secondary cataracts, bone-marrow transplant retinopathy, neural retinal detachment, and ocular melanotic tumors (including diabetes). Offers expanded coverage of entities such as chromosome 17 deletion syndrome, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma, climatic protoglycan stromal keratopathy, unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy, acute mutifocal retinitis, idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, North Carolina macular dystrophy, familial internal limiting membrane dystrophy, clumped pigmentary retinal dystrophy (clumped pigmentary retinal degeneration), vasoproliferative retinal tumors, Schwartz's syndrome, familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy, familial atypical mole and melanoma (FAM-M) syndrome, and more! Features specific genetic profiles for many existing entities.
Book Synopsis Ocular Neuroprotection by : Leonard A. Levin
Download or read book Ocular Neuroprotection written by Leonard A. Levin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-07-15 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many retinal and optic nerve disorders have no effective therapy, or are treated incompletely and with considerable side effects. Recent advances have suggested the significant benefits associated with neuroprotection - that is, when treatment strategies are directed to photoreceptors, retinal ganglion cells, or other neural targets. Enter Ocular N
Book Synopsis Biomedical Index to PHS-supported Research by :
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS-supported Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sphingolipids: Basic Science and Drug Development by : Erich Gulbins
Download or read book Sphingolipids: Basic Science and Drug Development written by Erich Gulbins and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-11 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sphingolipids are lipid components of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells. They have an important function in signaling mechanisms in the cell. This book on sphingolipids provides insights into the basics of sphingolipid biology and drug development, with a particular emphasis on the sphingolipid derivative ceramide. In the first part basic functions of sphingolipids are described, as well as the genetics of important enzymes, sphingolipid metabolism and synthesis. The second part of this first volume focuses on drug development and pharmacology. The book is intended for scientists in pharmacology, biochemistry and cell biology with a focus on biomedical research as well as for clinicians working in pharmacology, oncology, cardiology, neurology and infectious disease. Together with Volume 216 by the same editors, the collection represents a unique, comprehensive work on sphingolipids, providing information on both sphingolipids’ basic biology (including synthesis, metabolism and cell biology) and their important function in a (patho-)physiological context.
Book Synopsis Anesthetic Pharmacology by : Alex S. Evers
Download or read book Anesthetic Pharmacology written by Alex S. Evers and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-10 with total page 2902 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years our understanding of molecular mechanisms of drug action and interindividual variability in drug response has grown enormously. Meanwhile, the practice of anesthesiology has expanded to the preoperative environment and numerous locations outside the OR. Anesthetic Pharmacology: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice, 2nd edition, is an outstanding therapeutic resource in anesthesia and critical care: Section 1 introduces the principles of drug action, Section 2 presents the molecular, cellular and integrated physiology of the target organ/functional system and Section 3 reviews the pharmacology and toxicology of anesthetic drugs. The new Section 4, Therapeutics of Clinical Practice, provides integrated and comparative pharmacology and the practical application of drugs in daily clinical practice. Edited by three highly acclaimed academic anesthetic pharmacologists, with contributions from an international team of experts, and illustrated in full colour, this is a sophisticated, user-friendly resource for all practitioners providing care in the perioperative period.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and the Eye by : Victor R. Preedy
Download or read book Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and the Eye written by Victor R. Preedy and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-06-11 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Nutrition, Diet, and the Eye, Second Edition, thoroughly addresses common features and etiological factors on how dietary and nutritional factors affect the eye. The ocular system is perhaps one of the least studied organs in diet and nutrition, yet the consequences of vision loss are devastating. There are a range of ocular defects that have either their origin in nutritional deficiencies/excess or have been shown to respond favorably to nutritional components. Featuring a new section on animal model studies where both the ocular problem and dietary remedies can be varied, there are also new chapters on dietary supplements. Serves as a foundational collection for neuroscience, neurology and nutrition researchers, illustrating the importance of nutrition and diet in eye health and function Provides a common language for readers to discuss how nutritional factors and related diseases and syndromes affect the eye Features new chapters on infectious diseases of the eye where nutrition is a factor Discusses animal model studies, dietary supplements, natural dietary extracts from around the world, and age-related changes in ocular health
Book Synopsis Neuroprotection by : Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
Download or read book Neuroprotection written by Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-08-28 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroprotection is a strategy to prevent or delay the progression of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, acute neurological disorders, or even mental disorders. The major aim of this book is to focus on different approaches to achieve neuroprotection. In this book, there are chapters discussing imidazoline ligands and opioid ligands in Alzheimer's disease, the beneficial effects of adenosine A2A receptor antagonist, adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists modulating microglial responses, and different approaches to achieve neuroprotection against aging-associated macular degeneration. This book will give insights to scientists in the field to stimulate their research, medical professionals to review their clinical practices, and others who would like to learn more about different neuroprotective approaches.
