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Note Verbale Dated 86 04 21 From The Charge Daffaires Ai Of The Permanent Mission Of Afghanistan To The United Nations Addressed To The Secretary General
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Author :United Nations. Department of General Assembly Affairs and Conference Services Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :80 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis United Nations Correspondence Manual : a Guide to the Drafting, Processing, and Dispatch of Official United Nations Communications by : United Nations. Department of General Assembly Affairs and Conference Services
Download or read book United Nations Correspondence Manual : a Guide to the Drafting, Processing, and Dispatch of Official United Nations Communications written by United Nations. Department of General Assembly Affairs and Conference Services and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis United Nations Juridical Yearbook 2008 by : United Nations
Download or read book United Nations Juridical Yearbook 2008 written by United Nations and published by United Nations Publications. This book was released on 2010-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This yearbook contains documentary texts of treaties and other materials concerning the legal status and activities of the United Nations and related inter-governmental organizations. It also presents the judicial decisions on questions related to the Organization. A bibliography on jurisprudence is included.
Book Synopsis Counter-Terrorism and the Use of Force in International Law by :
Download or read book Counter-Terrorism and the Use of Force in International Law written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, Michael Schmitt explores the legality of the attacks against Al Qaeda and the Taliban under the "jus ad bellum," that component of international law that governs when a State may resort to force as an instrument of national policy. Although States have conducted military counterterrorist operations in the past, the scale and scope of Operation Enduring Freedom may signal a sea change in strategies to defend against terrorism. This paper explores the normative limit on counterterrorist operations. Specifically, under what circumstances can a victim State react forcibly to an act of terrorism? Against whom? When? With what degree of severity? And for how long? The author contends that the attacks against Al Qaeda were legitimate exercises of the rights of individual and collective defense. They were necessary and proportional, and once the Taliban refused to comply with U.S. and United Nations demands to turn over the terrorists located in Afghanistan, it was legally appropriate for coalition forces to enter the country for the purpose of ending the ongoing Al Qaeda terrorist campaign. However, the attacks on the Taliban were less well grounded in traditional understandings of international law. Although the Taliban were clearly in violation of their legal obligation not to allow their territory to be used as a terrorist sanctuary, the author suggests that the degree and nature of the relationship between the Taliban and Al Qaeda may not have been such that the September 11 attacks could be attributed to the Taliban, thereby disallowing strikes against them in self-defense under traditional understandings of international law. Were the attacks, therefore, illegal? Not necessarily. Over the past half-century the international community's understanding of the international law governing the use of force by States has been continuously evolving. The author presents criteria likely to drive future assessments of the legality of counterterrorist operatio7.
Book Synopsis Eavesdropping on Hell by : Robert J. Hanyok
Download or read book Eavesdropping on Hell written by Robert J. Hanyok and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This official government publication investigates the impact of the Holocaust on the Western powers' intelligence-gathering community. It explains the archival organization of wartime records accumulated by the U.S. Army's Signal Intelligence Service and Britain's Government Code and Cypher School. It also summarizes Holocaust-related information intercepted during the war years.
Book Synopsis The Use of Force in International Law by : Tom Ruys
Download or read book The Use of Force in International Law written by Tom Ruys and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 961 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the adoption of the UN Charter in 1945, the use of cross-border force has been frequent. This volume invites a range of experts to examine over sixty conflicts, from military interventions to targeted killings and hostage rescue operations, and to ask how powerful precedent can be in determining hostile encounters in international law.
Book Synopsis Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice by : United Nations
Download or read book Charter of the United Nations and Statute of the International Court of Justice written by United Nations and published by UN. This book was released on 2015-08-30 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Charter of the United Nations was signed in 1945 by 51 countries representing all continents, paving the way for the creation of the United Nations on 24 October 1945. The Statute of the International Court of Justice forms part of the Charter. The aim of the Charter is to save humanity from war; to reaffirm human rights and the dignity and worth of the human person; to proclaim the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small; and to promote the prosperity of all humankind. The Charter is the foundation of international peace and security.
Book Synopsis The Strangling of Persia by : William Morgan Shuster
Download or read book The Strangling of Persia written by William Morgan Shuster and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: William Morgan Shuster (1877-1960) was an American lawyer and financial expert who served as treasurer general to the government of the Persian Empire in 1911. In 1910, the Persian government asked U.S. president William Howard Taft for technical assistance in reorganizing its financial system. Taft chose Shuster to head a mission of American experts to Tehran. The Strangling of Persia is Shuster's account of his experiences, published soon after his return to the United States. In the Anglo-Russian convention of August 31, 1907, Britain and Russia had divided Persia (present-day Iran) into a Russian sphere of influence in the north of the empire and a British sphere in the south (with additional arrangements for Afghanistan and Tibet). Each power was to have exclusive commercial rights in its sphere. Under this agreement and other arrangements, Persian customs revenues were collected to guarantee the payment of interest and principal on foreign loans. Seeking to defend the interests of the Persians, Shuster clashed repeatedly with Russian and British officials, until his mission was forced to withdraw in early 1912. The book provides a detailed account of the background to the mission, of political and financial conditions in Persia in the early 20th century, and of the rivalry among Russia, Britain, and eventually Germany for influence in the country. The narrative covers the Russian military intervention of 1911, the atrocities committed by Russian troops, and the coup and dissolution of the Majlis (parliament) carried out under Russian pressure in December 1911. The book includes numerous photographs and a map, an index, and an appendix with copies of key documents and correspondence
Book Synopsis Law Enforcement Intelligence by : David L. Carter
Download or read book Law Enforcement Intelligence written by David L. Carter and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-06-19 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This intelligence guide was prepared in response to requests from law enforcement executives for guidance in intelligence functions in a post-September 11 world. It will help law enforcement agencies develop or enhance their intelligence capacity and enable them to fight terrorism and other crimes while preserving community policing relationships. The world of law enforcement intelligence has changed dramatically since September 11, 2001. State, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies have been tasked with a variety of new responsibilities; intelligence is just one. In addition, the intelligence discipline has evolved significantly in recent years. As these various trends have merged, increasing numbers of American law enforcement agencies have begun to explore, and sometimes embrace, the intelligence function. This guide is intended to help them in this process. The guide is directed primarily toward state, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies of all sizes that need to develop or reinvigorate their intelligence function. Rather than being a manual to teach a person how to be an intelligence analyst, it is directed toward that manager, supervisor, or officer who is assigned to create an intelligence function. It is intended to provide ideas, definitions, concepts, policies, and resources. It is a primera place to start on a new managerial journey. Every law enforcement agency in the United States, regardless of agency size, must have the capacity to understand the implications of information collection, analysis, and intelligence sharing. Each agency must have an organized mechanism to receive and manage intelligence as well as a mechanism to report and share critical information with other law enforcement agencies. In addition, it is essential that law enforcement agencies develop lines of communication and information-sharing protocols with the private sector, particularly those related to the critical infrastructure, as well as with those private entities that are potential targets of terrorists and criminal enterprises. Not every agency has the staff or resources to create a formal intelligence unit, nor is it necessary in smaller agencies. This document will provide common language and processes to develop and employ an intelligence capacity in SLTLE agencies across the United States as well as articulate a uniform understanding of concepts, issues, and terminology for law enforcement intelligence (LEI). While terrorism issues are currently most pervasive in the current discussion of LEI, the principles of intelligence discussed in this document apply beyond terrorism and include organized crime and entrepreneurial crime of all forms. Drug trafficking and the associated crime of money laundering, for example, continue to be a significant challenge for law enforcement. Transnational computer crime, particularly Internet fraud, identity theft cartels, and global black marketeering of stolen and counterfeit goods, are entrepreneurial crime problems that are increasingly being relegated to SLTLE agencies to investigate simply because of the volume of criminal incidents. Similarly, local law enforcement is being increasingly drawn into human trafficking and illegal immigration enterprises and the often associated crimes related to counterfeiting of official documents, such as passports, visas, driver's licenses, Social Security cards, and credit cards. All require an intelligence capacity for SLTLE, as does the continuation of historical organized crime activities such as auto theft, cargo theft, and virtually any other scheme that can produce profit for an organized criminal entity. To be effective, the law enforcement community must interpret intelligence-related language in a consistent manner. In addition, common standards, policies, and practices will help expedite intelligence sharing while at the same time protecting the privacy of citizens and preserving hard-won community policing relationships.~
Book Synopsis Ancient Mesopotamia by : A. Leo Oppenheim
Download or read book Ancient Mesopotamia written by A. Leo Oppenheim and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-01-31 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This splendid work of scholarship . . . sums up with economy and power all that the written record so far deciphered has to tell about the ancient and complementary civilizations of Babylon and Assyria."—Edward B. Garside, New York Times Book Review Ancient Mesopotamia—the area now called Iraq—has received less attention than ancient Egypt and other long-extinct and more spectacular civilizations. But numerous small clay tablets buried in the desert soil for thousands of years make it possible for us to know more about the people of ancient Mesopotamia than any other land in the early Near East. Professor Oppenheim, who studied these tablets for more than thirty years, used his intimate knowledge of long-dead languages to put together a distinctively personal picture of the Mesopotamians of some three thousand years ago. Following Oppenheim's death, Erica Reiner used the author's outline to complete the revisions he had begun. "To any serious student of Mesopotamian civilization, this is one of the most valuable books ever written."—Leonard Cottrell, Book Week "Leo Oppenheim has made a bold, brave, pioneering attempt to present a synthesis of the vast mass of philological and archaeological data that have accumulated over the past hundred years in the field of Assyriological research."—Samuel Noah Kramer, Archaeology A. Leo Oppenheim, one of the most distinguished Assyriologists of our time, was editor in charge of the Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute and John A. Wilson Professor of Oriental Studies at the University of Chicago.
Book Synopsis The Law and Practices of the International Atomic Energy Agency by : Paul C. Szasz
Download or read book The Law and Practices of the International Atomic Energy Agency written by Paul C. Szasz and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The People's Liberation Army and Contingency Planning in China by : Andrew Scobell
Download or read book The People's Liberation Army and Contingency Planning in China written by Andrew Scobell and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2016-04-26 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How will China use its increasing military capabilities in the future? China faces a complicated security environment with a wide range of internal and external threats. Rapidly expanding international interests are creating demands for the People's Liberation Army (PLA) to conduct new missions ranging from protecting Chinese shipping from Somali pirates to evacuating citizens from Libya. The most recent Chinese defense white paper states that the armed forces must "make serious preparations to cope with the most complex and difficult scenarios . . . so as to ensure proper responses . . . at any time and under any circumstances." Based on a conference co-sponsored by Taiwan's Council of Advanced Policy Studies, RAND, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, and National Defense University, The People's Liberation Army and Contingency Planning in China brings together leading experts from the United States and Taiwan to examine how the PLA prepares for a range of domestic, border, and maritime...
Download or read book Cambodia written by Trevor Findlay and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1995 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an account and analysis of the United Nations' peacekeeping operation in Cambodia between 1991 and 1993. Although its mission was jeopardized by the non-co-operation of the Khmer Rouge, the UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) successfully guided the country to democratic elections, constitutional government and international recognition. The study reveals the successes of the operation and draws lessons for future UN peacekeeping operations.
Book Synopsis United Nations Yearbook of the International Law Commission by : United Nations. International Law Commission
Download or read book United Nations Yearbook of the International Law Commission written by United Nations. International Law Commission and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Humanitarian Diplomacy by : Larry Minear
Download or read book Humanitarian Diplomacy written by Larry Minear and published by UNU. This book was released on 2007 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanitarian professionals are on the front lines of today's internal armed conflicts, working with politicians and diplomats in countries wracked by violence, in capitals of donor governments that underwrite humanitarian work, as well as within the United Nations Security Council and providing information to the media. This publication sets out a compendium of essays written by 14 senior humanitarian practitioners who led humanitarian operations in settings as diverse as the Balkans and Nepal, Somalia and East Timor, and across a time frame from the 1970s in Cambodia and 1980s in Lebanon to more recent engagement in Colombia and Iraq.
Book Synopsis The Cambridge History of Communism by : Norman Naimark
Download or read book The Cambridge History of Communism written by Norman Naimark and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-21 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second volume of The Cambridge History of Communism explores the rise of Communist states and movements after World War II. Leading experts analyze archival sources from formerly Communist states to re-examine the limits to Moscow's control of its satellites; the de-Stalinization of 1956; Communist reform movements; the rise and fall of the Sino-Soviet alliance; the growth of Communism in Asia, Africa and Latin America; and the effects of the Sino-Soviet split on world Communism. Chapters explore the cultures of Communism in the United States, Western Europe and China, and the conflicts engendered by nationalism and the continued need for support from Moscow. With the danger of a new Cold War developing between former and current Communist states and the West, this account of the roots, development and dissolution of the socialist bloc is essential reading.
Book Synopsis The People's Republic of China, International Law, and Arms Control by : David I. Salem
Download or read book The People's Republic of China, International Law, and Arms Control written by David I. Salem and published by Maryland Series in Contemporary Asian Studies. This book was released on 1983 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Century of U.S. Naval Intelligence by : Wyman H. Packard
Download or read book A Century of U.S. Naval Intelligence written by Wyman H. Packard and published by www.Militarybookshop.CompanyUK. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reprint of this scarce joint 1996 publication by the U.S. Naval Historical Center and the Office of Naval Intelligence. This comprehensive reference work is intended to provide intelligence professionals, scholars, and the general public with a detailed, topical accounting of the long and varied activities of U.S. Naval Intelligence. ill.
