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Nonylphenol And Octylphenol Ethoxylates In Surfactant Products
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Book Synopsis Nonylphenol- and Octylphenol-Ethoxylates in Surfactant Products by : Sau-Mei Teresa Leung
Download or read book Nonylphenol- and Octylphenol-Ethoxylates in Surfactant Products written by Sau-Mei Teresa Leung and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Nonylphenol- and Octylphenol-ethoxylates in Surfactant Products: Need Control or Not?: an Overview of Their Consumption, Environmental Fate and Risks and Public Awareness in Hong Kong as Compared to Overseas Countries" by Sau-mei, Teresa, Leung, 梁秀媚, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEO) and octylphenol ethoxylates (OPEO), both are alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO), a type of non-ionic surfactants commonly used in synthetic detergents for household and industrial cleaning purposes. These compounds and their degraded intermediates are xenoestrogens ubiquitously found in runoffs, sewage discharge and sludge. Not only that they persist in our surface waters and sediment, they are also found in the bodies of wildlife and human worldwide. Because of their high volume consumed and their nature as semi-persistent pollutants as well as endocrine disruptors, many developed countries have renounced their use on voluntary basis or through regulatory measure. Hong Kong is situated at the estuary of Pearl River Delta, which is one of the pollution hotspots. It is susceptible to its own water pollutants from municipal sewage ( 1,054 million m3/year) and also the discharge ( 3.0x109m3/ year) along the river from the industrialized and urbanized Mainland China cities. The local environment and human health are exposed to risks of these chemicals ascribed to rising consumption of detergents and their insufficient removal by sewage treatment, in addition to food intake in particular seafood. However, public awareness about APEO and endocrine disrupting chemicals is low due to no mandatory disclosure and control of these chemicals as well as the uncertainties about their chronic toxicity, based on the survey results of online questionnaires. Several recommendations have been made with reference to overseas regulatory measures and good practices to control and reduce the use of these chemicals. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5099119 Subjects: Surface active agents - Environmental aspects - China - Hong Kong
Book Synopsis Nonylphenol- and Octylphenol-ethoxylates in Surfactant Products by : 梁秀媚
Download or read book Nonylphenol- and Octylphenol-ethoxylates in Surfactant Products written by 梁秀媚 and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Emerging Pollutants by : Francisco G. Calvo-Flores
Download or read book Emerging Pollutants written by Francisco G. Calvo-Flores and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-20 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An excellent, concise, and interdisciplinary overview of different classes of emerging pollutants arising, for example, from pharmaceuticals, pesticides, personal care products, and industrial chemicals and their impact on water, soil, and air. Following an introduction to chemical pollutants, with special attention focused on organic compounds and their properties, the book goes on to describe major emerging pollutants grouped according to their applications in different sectors of industrial or economic activity. For each type of compound, the chemical structure, main properties, and source are presented, along with their fate in the environment as pollutants, the latest analytical methods for detection, possible health or ecology consequences, as well as current regulatory laws. New developments, such as nanotechnology as a pollution source, are also included. The book closes with a chapter devoted to conclusions and future perspectives.
Book Synopsis Advances in Molecular Toxicology by :
Download or read book Advances in Molecular Toxicology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-10-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Molecular Toxicology features the latest advances in the subspecialties of the broad area of molecular toxicology. This series details the study of the molecular basis of toxicology by which a vast array of agents encountered in the human environment and produced by the human body manifest themselves as toxins. The book is not strictly limited to documenting these examples, but also covers the complex web of chemical and biological events that give rise to toxin-induced symptoms and disease. The new technologies that are being harnessed to analyze and understand these events will also be reviewed by leading workers in the field.
Book Synopsis Handbook for cleaning/decontamination of surfaces by : Ingegard Johansson
Download or read book Handbook for cleaning/decontamination of surfaces written by Ingegard Johansson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-06-20 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of Handbook for Cleaning/Decontamination of Surfaces lies on cleaning and decontamination of surfaces and solid matter, hard as well as soft. Bringing together in a 2-volume reference source: - current knowledge of the physico-chemical fundamentals underlying the cleaning process; - the different needs for cleaning and how these needs are met by various types of cleaning processes and cleaning agents, including novel approaches; - how to test that cleaning has taken place and to what extent; - the effects of cleaning on the environment; - future trends in cleaning and decontamination, for example the idea of changing surfaces, to hinder the absorbance of dirt and thus make cleaning easier. A brief introduction is given to the legal demands concerning the environment and a historical background, in terms of development of detergents, from soaps to the modern sophisticated formulations. Bactericides, their use and the environmental demands on them are covered. Thorough discussions of mechanisms for cleaning are given in several chapters, both general basic concepts and special cases like particle cleaning and cleaning using microemulsion concepts. * General understanding of how cleaning works, function of ingredients and formulations * Overview of environmental issues and demands from the society in the area * Gives basic formulas for cleaning preparations in most areas
Book Synopsis Nonionic Surfactants by : Nico M. van Os
Download or read book Nonionic Surfactants written by Nico M. van Os and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-11-12 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the laboratory and industrial synthesis of nonionic surfactants. Furnishes exhaustive coverage of the most recent advances in nonionic surfactant organic chemistry. Analyzes a novel class of catalysts for the production of surfactants with highly narrow distributions.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Chemical Residues in Agriculture by : Silvio Vaz Jr.
Download or read book Analysis of Chemical Residues in Agriculture written by Silvio Vaz Jr. and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-07-24 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of Chemical Residues in Agriculture presents a focused, yet comprehensive guide on how to identify, evaluate and analyze the wide range of chemicals that impact our food production system. The book presents a variety of analytical technologies and methods in order to help professionals, researchers, and graduate and undergraduate students understand chemical residues in agriculture and apply them to applications for the detection and quantification of chemical residues – both organic and inorganic – in several agricultural matrices, including crops, fruits, meat, food, feed, soil and water. Agriculture remains one of the most strategic sectors for the global economy and well-being. However, it is seen as a source of environmental and health concerns mainly due to the high amount of pesticides and fertilizers used in production systems around the world; moreover, a thorough understanding of the topic is necessary when we consider livestock production systems also apply large amounts of veterinary drugs to treat illness and promote increases in productivity. Identifies the main scientific and technological approaches of analytical chemistry dedicated to agricultural and related matrices to solve real problems and for R&D purposes Provides a description of the analytical technologies and methodologies used to reduce the negative impact of several agrochemicals on the environment and health Explores cutting-edge analytical technologies to detect residues in agricultural and related matrices
Book Synopsis Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants by : Sylvia S. Talmage
Download or read book Environmental and Human Safety of Major Surfactants written by Sylvia S. Talmage and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-04-08 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book summarizes and reviews the environmental and human safety of two classes of nonionic surfactants-alcohol ethoxylates (AE) and alkylphenol ethoxylates (APE). This unique resource contains critical data from published sources as well as from unpublished studies submitted by Soap and Detergent Association member companies. It reviews information on product chemistry and analysis, biodegradation, environmental levels (including fate and distribution), aquatic toxicity, and human safety. Recently developed analytical techniques for the extraction, separation, detection, and measurement of nonionic surfactants and their metabolites in environmental samples are described. Results of biodegradation studies performed with a variety of test systems are tabulated, as are results of field studies at wastewater treatment plants. Reported comparisons of environmental levels with results of acute and chronic aquatic toxicity tests are provided. The information on the toxicity and irritation potential of AE and APE surfactants includes data from in vitro, mammalian, and human studies.
Book Synopsis Endocrine Disruption and Human Health by : Philippa D. Darbre
Download or read book Endocrine Disruption and Human Health written by Philippa D. Darbre and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-03-21 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endocrine Disruption and Human Health starts with an overview of what endocrine disruptors are, the issues surrounding them, and the source of these chemicals in the ecosystem. This is followed by an overview of the mechanisms of action and assay systems. The third section includes chapters written by specialists on different aspects of concern for the effects of endocrine disruption on human health. Finally, the authors consider the risk assessment of endocrine disruptors and the pertinent regulation developed by the EU, the US FDA, as well as REACH and NGOs. The book has been written for researchers and research clinicians interested in learning about the actions of endocrine disruptors and current evidence justifying concerns for human health but is useful for those approaching the subject for the first time, graduate students, and advanced undergraduate students. Provides readers with access to a range of information from the basic mechanisms and assays to cutting-edge research investigating concerns for human health Presents a comprehensive, translational look at all aspects of endocrine disruption and its effects on human health Offers guidance on the risk assessment of endocrine disruptors and current relevant regulatory considerations
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation by : Josep M. Bayona
Download or read book Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation written by Josep M. Bayona and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 2998 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation is a complete treatment of the theory and methodology of sampling in all physical phases and the theory of sample preparation for all major extraction techniques. It is the perfect starting point for researchers and students to design and implement their experiments and support those experiments with quality-reviewed background information. In its four volumes, fundamentals of sampling and sample preparation are reinforced through broad and detailed sections dealing with Biological and Medical, Environmental and Forensic, and Food and Beverage applications. The contributions are organized to reflect the way in which analytical chemists approach a problem. It is intended for a broad audience of analytical chemists, both educators and practitioners of the art and can assist in the preparation of courses as well in the selection of sampling and sample preparation techniques to address the challenges at hand. Above all, it is designed to be helpful in learning more about these topics, as well as to encourage an interest in sampling and sample preparation by outlining the present practice of the technology and by indicating research opportunities. Sampling and Sample preparation is a large and well-defined field in Analytical Chemistry, relevant for many application areas such as medicine, environmental science, biochemistry, pharmacology, geology, and food science. This work covers all these aspects and will be extremely useful to researchers and students, who can use it as a starting point to design and implement their experiments and for quality-reviewed background information There are limited resources that Educators can use to effectively teach the fundamental aspects of modern sample preparation technology. Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation addresses this need, but focuses on the common principles of new developments in extraction technologies rather than the differences between techniques thus facilitating a more thorough understanding Provides a complete overview of the field. Not only will help to save time, it will also help to make correct assessments and avoid costly mistakes in sampling in the process Sample and sample preparation are integral parts of the analytical process but are often less considered and sometimes even completely disregarded in the available literature. To fill this gap, leading scientists have contributed 130 chapters, organized in 4 volumes, covering all modern aspects of sampling and liquid, solid phase and membrane extractions, as well as the challenges associated with different types of matrices in relevant application areas
Book Synopsis Chemistry and Technology of Surfactants by : Richard J. Farn
Download or read book Chemistry and Technology of Surfactants written by Richard J. Farn and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surfactants are used throughout industry as components in a hugerange of formulated products or as effect chemicals in theproduction or processing of other materials. A detailedunderstanding of the basis of their activity is required by allthose who use surfactants, yet the new graduate or postgraduatechemist or chemical engineer will generally have little or noexperience of how and why surfactants work. Chemistry & Technology of Surfactants is aimed at newgraduate or postgraduate level chemists and chemical engineers atthe beginning their industrial careers and those in later life whobecome involved with surfactants for the first time. The book is astraightforward and practical survey of the chemistry ofsurfactants and their uses, providing a basic introduction tosurfactant theory, information on the various types of surfactantand some application details. This will allow readers to build ontotheir scientific education the concepts and principles on which thesuccessful use of surfactants, across a wide range of industries,is based.
Book Synopsis Surfactants Europa by : Gordon L Hollis
Download or read book Surfactants Europa written by Gordon L Hollis and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surfactants Europa 3rd Edition provides easy access to current product information on surface active agents (surfactants) manufactured and sold in Europe. It contains valuable data on approximately 9,000 trade names from more than 80 suppliers, including chemical description and composition, general property, application and manufacturer information. The directory contains company and trade name indexes with page references, and provides a very useful listing of companies, with full contact details, including European divisions and agents. The products listed in the directory find applications in a wide variety of branches of the chemical manufacturing industry including detergent and cleaning products, agrochemicals, construction, cosmetics, food, oil, paint, paper, pharmaceuticals, plastics and textiles. The directory is edited by Dr Gordon Hollis, an established consultant in the surfactants field and author of four respected surfactants directories. Surfactants Europa 3rd Edition will be an essential reference directory for research and development personnel and laboratory staff in general. It will also be useful for technical departments and purchasing/sales departments, not only in the detergent industry but in many industries where surfactants are used.
Book Synopsis Marine Anthropogenic Litter by : Melanie Bergmann
Download or read book Marine Anthropogenic Litter written by Melanie Bergmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.
Book Synopsis Surfactants Applications Directory by : D.R. Karsa
Download or read book Surfactants Applications Directory written by D.R. Karsa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Existing surfactants directories tend to focus on product identification by tradename, producer or chemical type, enabling the user only to identify product equivalents and surfactant suppliers. Application information, where available, is usually scant or given as a footnote. This new directory approaches the identification of surfactants primarily from the applications standpoint. Hence the formulator or end-user can readily assess the products available for use in a particular industry sector and select materials giving the required surface active properties. For example, a formulator of agrochemicals for crop protection can turn to the section which refers to surfactants for use in the agrochemical industry and then easily identify a wetter/dispersant system for the production of water dispersible granules. Information is presented in an alternative format in the second part of the directory, which will help the user to identify swiftly products for a particular application by surface active properties. It is difficult, if not impossible, to identify an industry which does not directly or indirectly utilise surfactants. Therefore it has proved necessary to simplify industry classifications to encompass a variety of uses under broader sector titles. The industry classifications adopted here have been used in many previous publications and papers, and define as accurately as possible the major industries and applications serviced by the surfactant industry. The editors have been particularly pleased with the support and response of the industry in the supply of data.
Book Synopsis Neuroendocrine Regulation of Animal Vocalization by : Cheryl S. Rosenfeld
Download or read book Neuroendocrine Regulation of Animal Vocalization written by Cheryl S. Rosenfeld and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroendocrine Regulation of Animal Vocalization: Mechanisms and Anthropogenic Factors in Animal Communication examines the underpinning neuroendocrine (NE) mechanisms that drive animal communication across taxa. Written by international subject experts, the book focuses on the importance of animal communication in survival and reproduction at an individual and species level, and the impact that increased production and accumulation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can have on these regulatory processes. This book discusses sound production, perception, processing, and response across a range of animals. This includes insects, fish, bats, birds, nonhuman primates, infant humans, and many others. Some chapters analyze how neuroactive substances, endocrine control, and chemical pollution affect the physiology of the animal’s perceptive and sound-producing organs, as well as their auditory and vocal receptors and pathways. Other chapters address the recent approaches governments have taken to protect against the endocrine disruption of animal (vocal) behaviors. The book is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students seeking first-rate material on neuroendocrinological effects on animal behavior and communication. Serves as the most comprehensive cross-taxa study of its kind, revolutionary in its focus on the impacts of EDCs on the processes guiding animal communication Emphasizes the importance of production, perception and processing of acoustic vocalization for survival Analyzes recent governmental policies and protections against the effects of EDCs on humans and wildlife
Book Synopsis Recent Developments in the Technology of Surfactants by : M.R. Porter
Download or read book Recent Developments in the Technology of Surfactants written by M.R. Porter and published by . This book was released on 1990-10-31 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment by : National Research Council
Download or read book Hormonally Active Agents in the Environment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-02-03 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some investigators have hypothesized that estrogens and other hormonally active agents found in the environment might be involved in breast cancer increases and sperm count declines in humans as well as deformities and reproductive problems seen in wildlife. This book looks in detail at the science behind the ominous prospect of "estrogen mimics" threatening health and well-being, from the level of ecosystems and populations to individual people and animals. The committee identifies research needs and offers specific recommendations to decision-makers. This authoritative volume: Critically evaluates the literature on hormonally active agents in the environment and identifies known and suspected toxicologic mechanisms and effects of fish, wildlife, and humans. Examines whether and how exposure to hormonally active agents occursâ€"in diet, in pharmaceuticals, from industrial releases into the environmentâ€"and why the debate centers on estrogens. Identifies significant uncertainties, limitations of knowledge, and weaknesses in the scientific literature. The book presents a wealth of information and investigates a wide range of examples across the spectrum of life that might be related to these agents.
