Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Nibs In Neurodevelopmental Disorders

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Non-invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) in Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128223472
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Non-invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) in Neurodevelopmental Disorders by :

Download or read book Non-invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) in Neurodevelopmental Disorders written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-22 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-invasive Brain Stimulation (NIBS) in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Volume 264 presents the latest updates on recent techniques used to examine the potential treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders in adults. In this special issue, the book's authors and contributors provide a unique focus on the potential effects of non-invasive brain stimulation. Topics cover a range of reviews, opinions, methodologies, original research articles, and suggestions on how to better translate scientific knowledge into practice. This new release will help guide basic research and the development of therapeutic interventions for children and adolescents who suffer from neurodevelopmental disorders. Covers the effects of brain stimulation on different neurodevelopmental disorders Includes experimental studies in humans, animals and associated theoretical reviews Provides the most accurate and up-to-date coverage from selected international experts

The Safety and Efficacy of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Development and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Author : Lindsay M. Oberman
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889196992
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis The Safety and Efficacy of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Development and Neurodevelopmental Disorders by : Lindsay M. Oberman

Download or read book The Safety and Efficacy of Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Development and Neurodevelopmental Disorders written by Lindsay M. Oberman and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-12-03 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noninvasive brain stimulation (including Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Current Brain Stimulation (TCS)) can be used both experimentally and therapeutically. In the experimental domain TMS can be applied in single pulses to depolarize a small population of neurons in a targeted brain region. This protocol can be used, for example, to map cortical motor outputs, study central motor conduction time, or evaluate the cortical silent period (a measure of intracortical inhibition) all of which are relevant to neurodevelopment. TMS can also be applied in pairs of pulses (paired pulse stimulation, ppTMS) where two pulses are presented in rapid succession to study intracortical inhibition and facilitation. Trains of repeated TMS (rTMS) pulses can be applied at various stimulation frequencies and patterns to modulate local cortical excitability beyond the duration of the stimulation itself. Depending on the parameters of stimulation the excitability can be either facilitated or suppressed. TCS (including Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS), alternating current (tACS), and random noise current stimulation (tRNS) also have the potential to modulate cortical excitability and have also been used to study and modulate cortical activity in healthy and patient populations. The after-effects of rTMS and TCS are thought to be related to changes in efficacy (in either the positive or negative direction) of synaptic connections of the neurons being stimulated, thus these techniques have been used to study and modulate cortical plasticity mechanisms in a number of populations. Recently, researchers have begun to apply these techniques to the study of neurodevelopmental mechanisms as well as the pathophysiology and development of novel treatments for neurodevelopmental disorders. Though there is much promise, caution is warranted given the vulnerability of pediatric and clinical populations and the potential that these techniques have to modify circuit development in a cortex that is in a very dynamic state. This Research Topic hopes to provide an opportunity to share ideas across areas (human and animal researchers, clinicians and basic scientists). We are particularly interested in papers that address issues of choosing a protocol (intensity, frequency, location, coil geometry etc.), populations where noninvasive brain stimulation may have direct impact on diagnostics and treatment, as well as the safety and ethics of applying these techniques in pediatric populations. As many may not be aware of the potential and limitations of noninvasive brain stimulation and its use for research and treatment in this area, this Research Topic promises to have broad appeal. Submissions for all Frontiers article types are encouraged.

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation

Author : Carlo Miniussi
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1848727569
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (487 download)

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Book Synopsis Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation by : Carlo Miniussi

Download or read book Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation written by Carlo Miniussi and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book includes state-of-the art reviews, written by research leaders, of Non-Invasive Brain-Stimulation (NIBS) techniques for the cognitive rehabilitation of disorders of memory, language, perception, attention and executive functions.

Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in the Study and Modulation of Metaplasticity in Neurological Disorders

Author : Mariagiovanna Cantone
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889712605
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in the Study and Modulation of Metaplasticity in Neurological Disorders by : Mariagiovanna Cantone

Download or read book Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation in the Study and Modulation of Metaplasticity in Neurological Disorders written by Mariagiovanna Cantone and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-03 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Brain Stimulation

Author : Marco Sandrini
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128080469
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Stimulation by : Marco Sandrini

Download or read book Brain Stimulation written by Marco Sandrini and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stroke is the major cause of long-term disability worldwide, with impaired manual dexterity being a common feature. In the past few years, noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), have been investigated as adjuvant strategies to neurorehabilitative interventions. These NIBS techniques can be used to modulate cortical excitability during and for several minutes after the end of the stimulation period. Depending on the stimulation parameters, cortical excitability can be reduced (inhibition) or enhanced (facilitation). Differential modulation of cortical excitability in the affected and unaffected hemisphere of patients with stroke may induce plastic changes within neural networks active during functional recovery. The aims of this chapter are to describe results from these proof-of-principle trials and discuss possible putative mechanisms underlying such effects. Neurophysiological and neuroimaging changes induced by application of NIBS are reviewed briefly.

Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Neurology and Psychiatry

Author : Ignacio Obeso
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889451348
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Neurology and Psychiatry by : Ignacio Obeso

Download or read book Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Neurology and Psychiatry written by Ignacio Obeso and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-04-11 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The potential efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation procedures for the management of specific symptoms in diverse neurological and psychiatric conditions has been tested in the past decade or so. For example, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over prefrontal areas has been extensively investigated as a treatment for patients with medication-resistant depression and has been shown to be associated with improvement of mood. Similarly, non-invasive stimulation techniques have been applied to various symptoms of Parkinson's disease such as bradykinesia and dyskinesias, with variables degrees of success reported. However, attempts to expand previously observed clinical improvements to other neurological disorders (e.g. Tourette's syndrome, autism, epilepsy) has been controversial. In trying to bypass potential confounding elements, researchers aim to target neural populations altered in disease to either increase or decrease their corrupted baseline activity. In addition, a complementary approach is to extend stimulation protocols that results enhanced behavior in healthy participants. This Frontiers Research Topic on non-invasive brain stimulation and enhancement of function tries to combine a series of articles from researchers who used non-invasive brain stimulation to aim improvement of either a motoric, cognitive or behavioral nature investigated behaviorally, physiologically or using brain imaging techniques in clinical populations. Investigation of the relation between enhancement of function in healthy populations and clinical improvement in patients with neurological or psychiatric disorders needs further consideration.

Neurotechnology and Brain Stimulation in Pediatric Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Author : Lindsay M. Oberman
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128127783
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Neurotechnology and Brain Stimulation in Pediatric Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Disorders by : Lindsay M. Oberman

Download or read book Neurotechnology and Brain Stimulation in Pediatric Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Disorders written by Lindsay M. Oberman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-27 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurotechnology and Brain Stimulation in Pediatric Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Disorders provides a comprehensive overview of neurotechnological devices as potential treatments for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents. Many neuropsychiatric disorders are covered such as Autism Spectrum Disorder, ADHD, Depression, Tourette's Syndrome, and OCD. Different device-based treatments are discussed such as Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, Deep Brain Stimulation, Chronotherapy, and Neurofeedback. - Provides an overview of neuromodulatory devices as potential treatments for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders in children and adolescents - Gives evidence-based recommendations for non-drug interventions that may be effective for treatment options - Discusses different neuromodulatory treatment options, including TMS, tDCS, DBS, chronotherapy and neurofeedback

Combining a non-invasive transcranial stimulation technique with another therapeutic approach: mechanisms of action, therapeutic interest and tolerance

Download Combining a non-invasive transcranial stimulation technique with another therapeutic approach: mechanisms of action, therapeutic interest and tolerance PDF Online Free

Author : Jean Paul Buu Cuong Nguyen
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832551874
Total Pages : 105 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Combining a non-invasive transcranial stimulation technique with another therapeutic approach: mechanisms of action, therapeutic interest and tolerance by : Jean Paul Buu Cuong Nguyen

Download or read book Combining a non-invasive transcranial stimulation technique with another therapeutic approach: mechanisms of action, therapeutic interest and tolerance written by Jean Paul Buu Cuong Nguyen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-07-23 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Numerous publications have attested to the therapeutic efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and low-intensity transcranial electrical stimulation (tES). These methods have been used in the treatment of various neurological-related conditions, such as chronic pain, cognitive disorders, movement disorders, or stroke rehabilitation. Across these different fields, evidence suggests therapeutic efficacy could be improved when combining NIBS technique in combination with another type of more commonly utilized therapeutic approaches (e.g., motor and/or cognitive training, pharmacological, physical and neurorehabilitation).

Non Invasive Brain Stimulation in Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

Author : Bernardo Dell'Osso
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030433560
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Non Invasive Brain Stimulation in Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences by : Bernardo Dell'Osso

Download or read book Non Invasive Brain Stimulation in Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences written by Bernardo Dell'Osso and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-31 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the state of the art regarding the use of non-invasive brain stimulation (TMS and tDCS) in the research and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. The contributions, all of which were prepared by internationally recognized experts in the field, are divided into two main sections (for TMS and tDCS, respectively) across diagnoses, following an introductory section on the mechanisms of action and neurophysiological background. Neuropsychological perspectives and approaches are provided as well. The book is ultimately intended to offer a unique, integrated approach to the use of non-invasive brain stimulation across the clinical neurosciences, providing a comprehensive and updated perspective that will benefit psychiatrists, neurologists, clinical psychologists and neurophysiologists alike.

Non-invasive brain stimulation in psychiatric disorders: From bench to bedside

Author : Po-Han Chou
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832514952
Total Pages : 135 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Non-invasive brain stimulation in psychiatric disorders: From bench to bedside by : Po-Han Chou

Download or read book Non-invasive brain stimulation in psychiatric disorders: From bench to bedside written by Po-Han Chou and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-17 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Innovative Technologies and Clinical Applications for Invasive and Non-Invasive Neuromodulation: From the Workbench to the Bedside

Download Innovative Technologies and Clinical Applications for Invasive and Non-Invasive Neuromodulation: From the Workbench to the Bedside PDF Online Free

Author : Matteo Bologna
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889634698
Total Pages : 149 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (896 download)

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Book Synopsis Innovative Technologies and Clinical Applications for Invasive and Non-Invasive Neuromodulation: From the Workbench to the Bedside by : Matteo Bologna

Download or read book Innovative Technologies and Clinical Applications for Invasive and Non-Invasive Neuromodulation: From the Workbench to the Bedside written by Matteo Bologna and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-02-13 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The possibility of harvesting the power of electric and magnetic impulses in the human body, commonly referred to as “neuromodulation,” is one of the most recent and promising developments of the modern science. Since the late ´60s, multiple invasive and non-invasive technologies have been developed and tested in experimental and clinical settings with the final aim of modulating the function of the central and peripheral nervous system. Clinical applications include, but are not limited to, common neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders. The bulk of evidence supporting the clinical efficacy of various invasive and non-invasive approaches for neuromodulation has progressively led scientific societies, patients’ associations, and regulatory entities to acknowledge the critical role played by neuromodulation in the therapeutic algorithms of a wide range of neurological disorders. As a result, new technologies have been recently introduced into the market or are currently under validation. Their potential implementation into innovative protocols for neuromodulation demands a critical revision of what are the unmet needs for neuromodulation in movement disorders.

Pediatric Brain Stimulation

Author : Adam Kirton
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128020385
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Pediatric Brain Stimulation by : Adam Kirton

Download or read book Pediatric Brain Stimulation written by Adam Kirton and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-05-04 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pediatric Brain Stimulation: Mapping and Modulating the Developing Brain presents the latest on this rapidly expanding field that has seen an exponential growth in publications over the past 10 years. Non-invasive modalities like TMS can painlessly map and measure complex neurophysiology in real patients. Neuromodulatory applications like rTMS and tDCS carry increasingly proven therapeutic applications. Rapidly advancing technological methodologies are increasing opportunities and indications. Despite all these benefits, applications in the more plastic developing brains of children are only just emerging. This book provides a comprehensive overview of brain stimulation in children. Chapters include Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) fundamentals, brain stimulation in pediatric neurological conditions, and invasive brain stimulation. The main audience for this research will be those interested in applying brain stimulation technologies to advance clinical research and patient care, although a wide variety of clinicians and scientist will find this to be a valuable reference on brain stimulation with specific chapters on a variety of conditions. - Provides an overview of recent findings and knowledge of pediatric brain stimulation and the developing brain - Edited by renowned leaders in the field of pediatric brain stimulation - Presents a great resource for basic and clinical scientists and practitioners in neuroscience, neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry

Electrical Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders

Author : BAHMAN. ZOHURI
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781774634905
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (349 download)

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Book Synopsis Electrical Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders by : BAHMAN. ZOHURI

Download or read book Electrical Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders written by BAHMAN. ZOHURI and published by . This book was released on 2021-03-31 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, Electrical Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders, the authors present their embodiment for a closed loop, feedback controlled, non-invasive application of electrical stimulation of the brain to enhance individual/group performance or to treat neurological disorders. Using a combination of modeling and experimental work, the authors have developed a unique approach to the field in combination with new technology from the perspectives of electro-magnetic and electrical engineering, computation of image processing, machine learning and neural networking, and in conjunction with the medicine of neurology and understanding of neuron behavior. They claim that non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) will provide new treatment methods with much greater simplicity, lower cost, improved safety, and in some cases, possibly greater effectiveness than well-established pharmacological methods or more recent invasive electrical deep brain stimulation (DBS) techniques. The authors explain their techniques and the results of their experimental studies and assert that the application of tailored and individualized control of their approach can be combined with other therapy methods to treat neurological disorders while minimizing or even eliminating the use of pharmaceuticals.

The Stimulated Brain

Author : Roi Cohen Kadosh
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0124047122
Total Pages : 568 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (24 download)

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Book Synopsis The Stimulated Brain by : Roi Cohen Kadosh

Download or read book The Stimulated Brain written by Roi Cohen Kadosh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-01 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Stimulated Brain—which garnered an Honorable Mention for Biomedicine & Neuroscience at the 2015 PROSE Awards from the Association of American Publishers—presents the first integration of findings on brain stimulation from different research fields with a primary focus on Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES), one of the most frequently used noninvasive stimulation methods. The last decade has witnessed a significant increase in the amount of research exploring how noninvasive brain stimulation can not only modulate but also enhance cognition and brain functions. However, although Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and particularly tES have the potential to become more widely applicable techniques (as they come with none of the risks associated with deep brain stimulation) the reference literature on these neurotechnologies has been sparse. This resource provides a broad survey of current knowledge, and also marks future directions in cognitive and neuro-enhancement. It expands our understanding of basic research findings from animals and humans, including clear translational benefits for applied research and the therapeutic use of noninvasive brain stimulation methods. The book's coverage includes a primer that paves the way to a more advanced knowledge of tES and its physiological basis; current research findings on cognitive and neuro-enhancement in animals and typical and atypical human populations, such as neurological patients; and discussions of future directions, including specific neuroethical issues and pathways for collaboration and entrepreneurialism. The Stimulated Brain is the first book to provide a comprehensive understanding of different aspects of noninvasive brain stimulation that are critical for scientists, clinicians, and those who are interested in "stimulating their minds by exploring this fascinating field of research. - Honorable Mention for Biomedicine & Neuroscience in the 2015 PROSE Awards from the Association of American Publishers - The only reference on the market to focus on transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) - Coverage across technical, historical, and application topics makes this the single, comprehensive resource for researchers and students - Edited book with chapters authored by international leaders in the fields of medicine, neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy—providing the broadest, most expert coverage available

New Frontiers in Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: Cognitive, Affective and Neurobiological Effects of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation

Download New Frontiers in Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: Cognitive, Affective and Neurobiological Effects of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation PDF Online Free

Author : Mathias Weymar
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889710831
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (897 download)

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Book Synopsis New Frontiers in Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: Cognitive, Affective and Neurobiological Effects of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation by : Mathias Weymar

Download or read book New Frontiers in Noninvasive Brain Stimulation: Cognitive, Affective and Neurobiological Effects of Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation written by Mathias Weymar and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-07-27 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Handbook of Neural Engineering

Author : Stephanie Willerth
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323957315
Total Pages : 680 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Neural Engineering by : Stephanie Willerth

Download or read book Handbook of Neural Engineering written by Stephanie Willerth and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-09-27 with total page 680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Neural Engineering: A Modern Approach provides a comprehensive overview of the field from biology to recent technological advances through an interdisciplinary lens. The book is divided into three sections: 1) Biological Considerations for Neural Engineering, 2) Neural Engineering Strategies, and 3) Emerging Technologies for Neural Engineering. It provides the first comprehensive text that addresses this combination of subjects. Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Multiple Sclerosis, represent an enormous healthcare burden, and many of these diseases lack true cures, making it imperative to study the biological systems that become disordered to understand potential treatment options. This book covers the basic neurobiology and physiology, common neural engineering strategies, and emerging technologies in this field. It is designed to support an upper year/graduate elective course in neural engineering, and will provide a foundational overview of the field for interdisciplinary researchers, clinicians, engineers, and industry professionals. The handbook provides readers with a strong base in both biological and engineering principles along with the concepts necessary to implement solutions using Neural Engineering. - Includes coverage of foundational concepts of the fast-moving field of Neural Engineering, from overview and structure of the nervous system, cellular biology of the nervous system, extracellular matrix of the nervous system, role of the immune system in the nervous system, disease states of the nervous system, and the effects of trauma and chronic pain on the nervous system - Provides readers with understanding of Neural Engineering strategies, in key areas such as imagining, examining nervous system function, neural interfaces, Brain-Computer Interfaces, neural prostheses, neurorobotics, and neural tissue engineering - Includes a complete section on emerging technologies for neural engineering applications, such as optogenetics, gene editing, brain organoids, and modeling with organ-on-a-chip systems

Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Neurology and Psychiatry

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (136 download)

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Book Synopsis Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Neurology and Psychiatry by :

Download or read book Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Neurology and Psychiatry written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain stimulation techniques, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS), modify brain function through interaction with multiple neurotransmitters and networks. The implementation of these non-invasive stimulation techniques in physiology, behavioral studies, with modelling or functional imaging has provided an outstanding causal link between brain structure and function and helped identify neural networks mediating cognitive or motor function. The potential efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation procedures for the management of specific symptoms in diverse neurological and psychiatric conditions has been tested in the past decade or so. For example, repetitive TMS over prefrontal areas has been extensively investigated as a treatment for patients with medication-resistant depression and has been shown to be associated with improvement of mood. Similarly, non-invasive stimulation techniques have been applied to various symptoms of Parkinson's disease such as bradykinesia and dyskinesias, with variables degrees of success reported. However, attempts to expand previously observed clinical improvements to other neurological disorders (e.g. Tourette's syndrome, autism, epilepsy) has been controversial. In trying to bypass potential confounding elements, researchers aim to target neural populations altered in disease to either increase or decrease their corrupted baseline activity. In addition, a complementary approach is to extend stimulation protocols that results enhanced behavior in healthy participants. One of the potential limitation of this latter strategy has been that most of the protocols evaluated in healthy participants have been tested in populations that are not comparable to the patient populations. This Frontiers Research Topic on non-invasive brain stimulation and enhancement of function seeks to combine contributions from researchers who found non-invasive brain stimulation induced improvement of either a motoric, cognitive or behavioral nature investigated behaviorally, physiologically or using brain imaging techniques in clinical populations. Investigation of the relation between enhancement of function in healthy populations and improvement of symptoms in patients with neurological or psychiatric disorders needs further consideration. Critically, the topic will be centered on the following topics to expand current knowledge: • selection of adequate stimulation protocols, including simple questions such as whether TMS or TDCS is more efficacious for inducing enhancement of function in brain disease; • methodological issues such as optimizing cortical targets and the use of good control groups; • which symptoms to tackle in different brain disorders. For example, is it possible to de-activate hyperactive cortical regions present in Parkinson disease to induce clinical amelioration? Do protocols used in healthy populations produce similar predictable effects in parkinsonian persons?; • potential of using stimulation protocols in combination with pharmacological or cognitive therapy; • the use of appropriate clinical, behavioral, physiological and imaging tools to measure brain plastic changes. Consideration about possible multi-centre clinical trials: feasibility, problems and authorization pathways. Studies or reviews on cost-effectiveness. The aim of this topic is to determine which disease signs are treatable with non-invasive brain stimulation and available protocols to interfere with altered brain systems and produce enhanced motor and behavior outcomes. This Frontiers Research Topic will be important in identifying new avenues of clinical research for rapid advances in the field.