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Non Disseminated Breast Cancer
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Book Synopsis Non-Disseminated Breast Cancer by : Gilbert H. Fletcher
Download or read book Non-Disseminated Breast Cancer written by Gilbert H. Fletcher and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last two decades, there has been a major increase in the actual numbers of women diagnosed with breast cancer (from 65000 new cases 20 years ago in the United States to 183000 in 1993). Concomitant with this has been a shift toward making the diagnosis earlier and toward diagnosing an earlier stage ofthe disease (more than 70% of diagnoses were of advanced-stage disease two decades ago, whereas more than 70% of diagnoses are now earlier-stage disease in 1992). These changes are clearly related to the woman's greater sensitivity to abnormalities in the breast and her seeking medical care, to the physician's greater awareness of the potential diagnosis of cancer, and to the major and important impact of mammographic screening. These changes have had a major impact on the questions of appropriate treatment, thereby contributing to the controversies in the disease. What is the role of surgery? What are the respective advantages of radical mastectomy, modified radical mastectomy, and conservation surgery with and without supplementary treatment? What is the role of radiation therapy? When should radiation therapy be performed after mastectomy, and what volumes should be irradiated post mastectomy? Where is radiation therapy indicated after conservation surgery, and when is radiation therapy an effective palliative treatment measure? When should chemotherapy and/or hormonal therapy be used as an adjuvant to primary treatment and when as an effective palliative treatment? This book by Levitt and Fletcher addresses these critical and important issues.
Book Synopsis Non-Disseminated Breast Cancer by : Gilbert H Fletcher
Download or read book Non-Disseminated Breast Cancer written by Gilbert H Fletcher and published by . This book was released on 1993-11-04 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Are We Making Progress? by : Weihong Kong
Download or read book Are We Making Progress? written by Weihong Kong and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Minimal Residual Disease and Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer by : Michail Ignatiadis
Download or read book Minimal Residual Disease and Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer written by Michail Ignatiadis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This important book provides up-to-date information on a series of topical issues relating to the approach to minimal residual disease in breast cancer patients. It first explains how the study of minimal residual disease and circulating and disseminated tumor cells (CTCs/DTCs) can assist in the understanding of breast cancer metastasis. A series of chapters then discuss the various technologies available for the detection and characterization of CTCs and DTCs, pinpointing their merits and limitations. Detailed consideration is given to the relevance of CTCs and DTCs, and their detection, to clinical research and practice. The role of other blood-based biomarkers is also addressed, and the closing chapters debate the challenges facing drug and biomarker co-development and the use of CTCs for companion diagnostic development. This book will be of interest and assistance to all who are engaged in the modern management of breast cancer.
Book Synopsis Breast Cancer Cells Cooperate During Invasion and Metastasis by : Louisiane Perrin
Download or read book Breast Cancer Cells Cooperate During Invasion and Metastasis written by Louisiane Perrin and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metastasis continues to be the leading cause of breast cancer-related deaths. Metastasis is a multistep process during which cancer cells leave the primary tumor, invade and seed inside secondary tissues, leading to lethal organ failure. Currently, no efficient method exists for the elimination of invasive cancer cells, which poses a major clinical challenge. Indeed, while localized cancers are clinically manageable, invasive breast cancer is largely an uncurable disease. Understanding how cancer cells sustain an invasive behavior may lead to the development of novel potent therapies.A vast genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity exists among invasive cancer cells. This heterogeneity is important to investigate as, in breast cancer patients, most metastatic nodules are polyclonal and consist of cancer cells that invaded and disseminated collectively. While recent studies demonstrated that collective invasion can be cooperative, where leader cells enable the invasion of otherwise non-invasive follower cells, the mechanisms regulating their cooperativity have been poorly investigated. Additionally, it is not known whether cooperative invasion can lead to metastasis, where metastatic cells enable the dissemination of non-metastatic cells. Our laboratory previously showed that breast cancer cells can locally degrade the extracellular matrix using invadopodia, which are membrane protrusions enriched in matrix metalloproteinases. Importantly, invadopodia are required for metastasis of single cancer cells. However, whether invadopodia enable the collective invasion and metastasis of cancer cell clusters remains unknown. Further, the role of invadopodia-mediated matrix degradation in leader vs. follower cells is unclear. In this dissertation, we aim to understand how cancer clones with and without invadopodia may cooperate during invasion and metastasis. Our results suggest that a few cells with invadopodia can drive the metastasis of cell clusters from multiclonal tumors. From this work, we believe that a more detailed understanding of how cancer cells cooperate may help in identifying new targets for preventing metastasis.
Book Synopsis The Management of Disseminated Breast Cancer [audiocassette] by :
Download or read book The Management of Disseminated Breast Cancer [audiocassette] written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Cancer Metastasis by : Mohit Kumar Jolly
Download or read book Epithelial-Mesenchymal Plasticity in Cancer Metastasis written by Mohit Kumar Jolly and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies have highlighted that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is not only about cell migration and invasion, but it can also govern many other important elements such as immunosuppression, metabolic reprogramming, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), stem cell properties, therapy resistance, and tumor microenvironment interactions. With the on-going debate about the requirement of EMT for cancer metastasis, an emerging focus on intermediate states of EMT and its reverse process mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) offer new ideas for metastatic requirements and the dynamics of EMT/MET during the entire metastatic cascade. Therefore, we would like to initiate discussions on viewing EMT and its downstream signaling networks as a fulcrum of cellular plasticity, and a facilitator of the adaptive responses of cancer cells to distant organ microenvironments and various therapeutic assaults. We hereby invite scientists who have prominently contributed to this field, and whose valuable insights have led to the appreciation of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity as a more comprehensive mediator of the adaptive response of cancer cells, with huge implications in metastasis, drug resistance, tumor relapse, and patient survival.
Book Synopsis Pulmonary Metastasis by : Leonard Weiss
Download or read book Pulmonary Metastasis written by Leonard Weiss and published by Macmillan Reference USA. This book was released on 1978 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Prevention of Bone Metastases by : Markus Joerger
Download or read book Prevention of Bone Metastases written by Markus Joerger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bone metastases continue to be a major cause of morbidity in cancer patients, but improved understanding of the biology of bone metastases has led to the identification of drugs that are of potential value in not only their treatment but also their prevention. This book, written by recognized experts in the field, provides a detailed overview of current knowledge on this subject. One important focus of the book is the efficacy of bisphosphonates in preventing bone metastases in patients with breast, lung, and prostate cancer and disease progression in cases of multiple myeloma. The combined use of bisphosphonates and cytostatics is also discussed, with a report on first clinical data. Further topics addressed include the significance of the bone microenvironment, special issues in the elderly patient, the use of bone turnover markers, and initial findings obtained with denosumab.
Book Synopsis Metastatic Cancer: Clinical and Biological Perspectives by : Rahul Jandial
Download or read book Metastatic Cancer: Clinical and Biological Perspectives written by Rahul Jandial and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-08-08 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most cancer deaths are a result of metastasis. The spread of a primary tumor to colonize neighboring and distant organs is the relentless endgame that defines the neoplastic process. Patients who have been diagnosed with cancer are treated to prevent both the recurrence of the tumor at the site of origin and metastasis that would re-stage them as advanced stage IV cancer. Historically and still with some types of cancer, stage IV is perceived by patients as “terminal.” Fortunately, recent molecular therapies have extended the lives of patients with advanced cancer and reassuringly people living with metastatic disease increasingly visit our clinics. What is the path forward? Given that the consilience of science and medicine is a dynamic art from which therapies arise, it would be misguided to consider any single work adequate at capturing the horizon for research. So with humility we constructed this text as primer for scientists. It begins with a broad introduction to the clinical management of common cancers. This is intended to serve as a foundation for investigators to consider when developing basic science hypotheses. Unquestionably, medical and surgical care of cancer patients reveals biology and dictates how novel therapeutics will ultimately be evaluated in clinical trials. The second section of this text offers provocative and evolving insights that underscore the breadth of science involved in the elucidation of cancer metastasis biology. The text concludes with information that integrates scientific and clinical foundations to highlight translational research. This book serves as a framework for scientists to conceptualize clinical and translational knowledge on the complexity of disease that is metastatic cancer.
Book Synopsis Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate by : Andrew W. Bruce
Download or read book Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate written by Andrew W. Bruce and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carcinoma of the prostate increasingly dominates the attention of urologists for both scientific and clinical reasons. The search for an explanation and the prediction of the variable behaviour of the malignant prostatic cell continues unabated. The search for more precise tumour staging and more effective treatment is equally vigorous. Editors Andrew Bruce and John Trachtenberg have assembled acknowledged leaders in prostate cancer to present those areas of direct interest to the clinician. There are a number of other topics that might have been considered but most of these, such as experimental tumour models or biochemical factors affecting cell growth, still lack immediate application for the clinician. Carcinoma of the prostate continues to have its highest incidence in the western world, and the difference in comparison with the incidence in the Far East appears to be real and not masked by diagnostic or other factors. A number of other epidemiological aspects need careful analysis: Is the incidence increasing? Is the survival improving? Is the prognosis worse in the younger patient? Epidemiological data are easily misused and misinterpreted so that a precise analysis of the known facts makes an important opening chapter to this book.
Book Synopsis The Role of Syndecan-1 and Extracellular Vesicles in Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis by : Megan R. Sayyad
Download or read book The Role of Syndecan-1 and Extracellular Vesicles in Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis written by Megan R. Sayyad and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast cancer metastasizes to the brain in 15-30% of all breast cancer cases, and metastasis is the predominant cause of breast cancer-related deaths. Patients with HER2-enriched and triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are more likely to develop brain metastases. While targeted therapies exist for HER2-enriched breast cancers, there are no effective treatments for TNBCs. Thus, a greater understanding of how these cancers spread to the brain is critical. In order to spread to the brain, disseminated breast cancer cells must overcome 2 major steps-crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and survival and successful colonization of the distinctive and mostly cellular brain environment. Here, we report a novel role for breast cancer cell surface receptor, Syndecan-1 (Sdc1), a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, in promoting breast cancer cell transmigration across the BBB. We found that when we silenced Sdc1 expression in a highly metastatic TNBC cell line, MDA-MB-231, these cells exhibited reduced migration across an in vitro BBB model system. Further, in an in vivo experimental model of metastasis, mice injected with MDA-MB-231 Sdc1 KD (knock-down) cells developed less brain metastases than mice injected with control non-silencing (NS1) cells. Conversely, we found that overexpression of Sdc1 in a metastatic triple-negative mouse mammary carcinoma cell line, 4T1, led to an increase in brain metastases compared to empty vector control-treated mice. We predicted that a secreted factor(s) facilitated BBB disruption that allowed for Sdc1-mediated BBB transmigration, and found that silencing Sdc1 led to decreases in the production and/or release of various cytokines and chemokines implicated in BBB permeability and transmigration. In addition to supporting BBB transmigration, through an in vitro tissue section adhesion assay, we found that Sdc1 also facilitates adhesion of breast cancer cells to the brain, and not to the liver or lungs, revealing specificity for the brain. Further, we report that Sdc1 is expressed in 81% of breast cancer patient brain metastases in our tissue microarray study and that patients with TNBC and high Sdc1 expression have shorter disease-free survival based on a study performed using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Taken together, we predict that breast cancer cell Sdc1-regulated cytokines and chemokines promote BBB permeability and/or support transmigration to facilitate breast cancer metastasis to the brain. We also provide evidence for breast cancer-secreted extracellular vesicles, namely exosomes, in supporting the formation of a pro-metastatic brain environment. We compared exosomes derived from the metastatic 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cell line to a non-metastatic counterpart, the 67NR cell line, to assess their microRNA and protein composition and their effect(s) on recipient astrocytes, known mediators of brain metastasis. We found that there are inherent differences in both the microRNA and protein cargo from the metastatic 4T1 cells compared to the non-metastatic 67NR cells, whereby the metastatic 4T1 cells contained various tumor-promoting microRNAs and proteins, and also contained 4.5-fold more protein than the non-metastatic 67NR cells. Mouse astrocytes treated with the metastatic 4T1 exosomes exhibited a shift towards a pro-metastatic phenotype, characterized by upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes, and genes associated with astrocyte reactivity and cancer, whereby 67NR exosome-treated astrocytes exhibited a response profile that overlapped with untreated controls. Overall, these findings reveal an important role for exosomes in driving changes in the brain microenvironment to create a site conducive for cancer growth. Together, both studies help to elucidate how breast cancer cells can invade and colonize the unique brain environment.
Book Synopsis Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity Signaling in Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasiveness by : Kacey Michelle VanderVorst
Download or read book Wnt/Planar Cell Polarity Signaling in Breast Cancer Cell Migration and Invasiveness written by Kacey Michelle VanderVorst and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metastasis is a complex, multi-step process whereby cancer cells migrate and invade into surrounding tissues, traverse the vasculature, and colonize metastatic lesions. Cell migration is critical to metastatic dissemination, and aberrant reactivation of developmental migratory pathways is a common theme in cancer biology. Wnt/planar cell polarity (Wnt/PCP) signaling is a non-canonical Wnt signaling pathway that mediates cell migratory events critical to proper embryonic development. Wnt/PCP signaling components are frequently dysregulated in solid tumors, and aberrant pathway activation contributes to tumor cell migratory properties. This dissertation focuses on two distinct observations: (1) that Wnt/PCP signaling mediates carcinoma collective cell migration and invasion, a migratory mode with an emerging role in breast cancer metastasis, and (2) that Wnt/PCP signaling may mediate cell migratory events driven by epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), another significant driver of metastatic dissemination. Discussion of each finding is preceded by a review of the literature highlighting recent advances in the contribution of Wnt/PCP signaling to cancer migration and metastasis. Cell migratory modes may be generally classified into two major subtypes: single cell migration or collective cell migration. Importantly, both modes of invasion have been demonstrated to contribute to metastasis, and it is possible that individual tumors invade through one or both mechanisms. Collective migration and invasion have been most extensively studied in breast cancer, where analysis of both mouse and human samples suggest that clusters of primary tumor cells may significantly contribute to critical steps of metastatic dissemination. Here, the contribution of Wnt/Planar cell polarity signaling to breast carcinoma collective cell migration and invasion is described. Components of this pathway are dysregulated in breast cancer, and activating ligand Wnt5a mediates collective cell migration in a Vangl-dependent manner. Wnt5a or Vangl overexpression drives the collective invasion of tumor cells mediated by Keratin14-positive cells at the tips of invading multicellular strands in ex vivo organoid assays. Visualization of Wnt/PCP components and active RhoA GTPase at the leading edge of actively migrating breast cancer cells suggest a model where Wnt/PCP signaling component localization to the leading edge of migrating breast cancer cells regulates the spatio-temporal activity of actin cytoskeletal effectors to govern protrusive membrane activity that drives cellular migration. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has long been considered critical for metastatic dissemination. During EMT, epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal phenotypes characterized by reduced cell-cell adhesion, loss of polarity, and increased migratory and invasive phenotypes. The molecular mechanisms underlying EMT-driven migration and invasion have not been fully characterized. Here, the contribution of Wnt/PCP signaling to EMT-driven migration is described. Activation of the EMT program transcriptionally induces Wnt/PCP signaling components Wnt5a and Fzd7, while simultaneously suppressing Nrdp1, a negative regulator of Wnt/PCP signaling. Suppression of Wnt/PCP signaling impairs EMT-driven cell migration, raising the possibility that Wnt/PCP signaling may be a candidate clinical target for intervention in patients with metastatic disease.
Book Synopsis Central Nervous System Metastases by : Manmeet Ahluwalia
Download or read book Central Nervous System Metastases written by Manmeet Ahluwalia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-05 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of brain metastases, from the molecular biology aspects to therapeutic management and perspectives. Due to the increasing incidence of these tumors and the urgent need to effectively control brain metastatic diseases in these patients, new therapeutic strategies have emerged in recent years. The volume discusses all these innovative approaches combined with new surgical techniques (fluorescence, functional mapping, integrated navigation), novel radiation therapy techniques (stereotactic radiosurgery) and new systemic treatment approaches such as targeted- and immunotherapy. These combination strategies represent a new therapeutic model in brain metastatic patients in which each medical practitioner (neurosurgeon, neurologist, medical oncologist, radiation oncologist) plays a pivotal role in defining the optimal treatment in a multidisciplinary approach. Written by recognized experts in the field, this book is a valuable tool for neurosurgeons, neuro-oncologists, neuroradiologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, cognitive therapists, basic scientists and students working in the area of brain tumors.
Book Synopsis Tumor Vascularization by : Domenico Ribatti
Download or read book Tumor Vascularization written by Domenico Ribatti and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tumor Vascularization discusses the different types of growth of tumor blood vessels and their implications on research and healthcare. The book is divided into three parts: the first one, General Mechanisms, discusses different vessel growth mechanisms, such as sprouting angiogenesis, non-angiogenesis dependent growth, intussusceptive microvascular growth, vascular co-option and vasculogenic mimicry. The second and third parts, entitled Clinical Implications and Therapeutic Implications are dedicated to translating recent findings in this field to patient treatment and healthcare. This book is a valuable source for cancer researchers, oncologists, graduate students and members of the biomedical field who are interested in tumor progression and blood vessels. Explains new, non-orthodox concepts recently developed and related to the modality of growth of tumor blood vessels Provides information on the types of angiogenesis, non-angiogenesis dependent growth and vascular co-option, discussing both their similarities and differences Encompasses a discussion on clinical implications of tumor vascularization to translate research findings into treatment
Book Synopsis Pathology of the Lungs E-Book by : Bryan Corrin
Download or read book Pathology of the Lungs E-Book written by Bryan Corrin and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an emphasis on practical diagnostic problem solving, Pathology of the Lungs, 3rd Edition provides the pulmonary pathologist and the general surgical pathologist with an accessible, comprehensive guide to the recognition and interpretation of common and rare neoplastic and non-neoplastic lung conditions. The text is written by two authors and covers all topics in a consistent manner without the redundancies or lapses that are common in multi-authored texts. The text is lavishly illustrated with the highest quality illustrations which accurately depict the histologic, immunohistochemical and cytologic findings under consideration and it is supplemented throughout with practical tips and advice from two internationally respected experts. The user-friendly design and format allows rapid access to essential information and the incorporation throughout of relevant clinical and radiographic information makes it a complete diagnostic resource inside the reporting room. Approximately 1,000 high quality full color illustrations.Provides the user with a complete visual guide to each specimen and assists in the recognition and diagnosis of any slide looked at under the microscope. Comprehensive coverage of both common and rare lung diseases and disorders. One stop consultation resource for the reporting room or study, no need to go further to get questions answered. Clinical background and ancillary radiographs incorporated throughout.Provides the user with all of the necessary diagnostic tools to make a complete and accurate pathologic report. Practical advice and tips from two of the world’s recognized experts. Provides the trainee and general surgical pathologist with time saving diagnostic clues when dealing with difficult specimens. Consistent and uniform approach incorporated for each disease and disorder (Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, pathologic features, differential diagnosis) User-friendly format enables quick and easy navigation to the key information required. Extensive use of summary tables, charts and graphs throughout the text. Helps simplify and clarify complex concepts and facilitates “at a glance comparisons between entities. Extensive reference list highlights landmark articles as well as including most up-to-date citations. Directs the trainee and practitioner to the most recent and authoritative sources for further reading and investigation
Book Synopsis Mammography and Beyond by : National Research Council
Download or read book Mammography and Beyond written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-07-23 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year more than 180,000 new cases of breast cancer are diagnosed in women in the U.S. If cancer is detected when small and local, treatment options are less dangerous, intrusive, and costly-and more likely to lead to a cure. Yet those simple facts belie the complexity of developing and disseminating acceptable techniques for breast cancer diagnosis. Even the most exciting new technologies remain clouded with uncertainty. Mammography and Beyond provides a comprehensive and up-to-date perspective on the state of breast cancer screening and diagnosis and recommends steps for developing the most reliable breast cancer detection methods possible. This book reviews the dramatic expansion of breast cancer awareness and screening, examining the capabilities and limitations of current and emerging technologies for breast cancer detection and their effectiveness at actually reducing deaths. The committee discusses issues including national policy toward breast cancer detection, roles of public and private agencies, problems in determining the success of a technique, availability of detection methods to specific populations of women, women's experience during the detection process, cost-benefit analyses, and more. Examining current practices and specifying research and other needs, Mammography and Beyond will be an indispensable resource to policy makers, public health officials, medical practitioners, researchers, women's health advocates, and concerned women and their families.
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