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Nitric Oxide Concentration And Fluorescence Lifetime In Non Premixed Atmospheric Pressure Flames
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Book Synopsis Nitric Oxide Concentration and Fluorescence Lifetime in Non-premixed Atmospheric Pressure Flames by : James Joshua Driscoll
Download or read book Nitric Oxide Concentration and Fluorescence Lifetime in Non-premixed Atmospheric Pressure Flames written by James Joshua Driscoll and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721936540 Total Pages :216 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (365 download)
Book Synopsis Quantitative Measurements of Nitric Oxide Concentration in High-Pressure, Swirl-Stabilized Spray Flames by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Quantitative Measurements of Nitric Oxide Concentration in High-Pressure, Swirl-Stabilized Spray Flames written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lean direct-injection (LDI) spray flames offer the possibility of reducing NO(sub x) emissions from gas turbines by rapid mixing of the liquid fuel and air so as to drive the flame structure toward partially-premixed conditions. We consider the technical approaches required to utilize laser-induced fluorescence methods for quantitatively measuring NO concentrations in high-pressure LDI spray flames. In the progression from atmospheric to high-pressure measurements, the LIF method requires a shift from the saturated to the linear regime of fluorescence measurements. As such, we discuss quantitative, spatially resolved laser-saturated fluorescence (LSF), linear laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) measurements of NO concentration in LDI spray flames. Spatially-resolved LIF measurements of NO concentration (ppm) are reported for preheated, LDI spray flames at pressures of two to five atmospheres. The spray is produced by a hollow-cone, pressure-atomized nozzle supplied with liquid heptane. NO is excited via the Q(sub 2)(26.5) transition of the gamma(0,0) band. Detection is performed in a two nanometer region centered on the gamma(0,1) band. A complete scheme is developed by which quantitative NO concentrations in high-pressure LDI spray flames can be measured by applying linear LIF. NO is doped into the reactants and convected through the flame with no apparent destruction, thus allowing a NO fluorescence calibration to be taken inside the flame environment. The in-situ calibration scheme is validated by comparisons to a reference flame. Quantitative NO profiles are presented and analyzed so as to better understand the operation of lean-direct injectors for gas turbine combustors. Moreover, parametric studies are provided for variations in pressure, air-preheat temperature, and equivalence ratio. Similar parametric studies are performed for lean, premixed-prevaporized flames to permit comparisons to those for LDI flames. Finall
Book Synopsis Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide Formation in Counterflow, Premixed CH4/O2/N2 Flames by :
Download or read book Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide Formation in Counterflow, Premixed CH4/O2/N2 Flames written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantitative Measurements of Nitric Oxide Concentration in High-Pressure, Swirl-Stabilized Spray Flames by :
Download or read book Quantitative Measurements of Nitric Oxide Concentration in High-Pressure, Swirl-Stabilized Spray Flames written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantitative Nitric Oxide Concentration and Temperature Imaging in Flames Over a Wide Pressure Range with Laser-induced Flourescence by : Wolfgang Georg Bessler
Download or read book Quantitative Nitric Oxide Concentration and Temperature Imaging in Flames Over a Wide Pressure Range with Laser-induced Flourescence written by Wolfgang Georg Bessler and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Publisher :Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN 13 :9781721932672 Total Pages :286 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (326 download)
Book Synopsis Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide Formation in Counterflow, Premixed Ch4/O2/N2 Flames by : National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Download or read book Measurements and Modeling of Nitric Oxide Formation in Counterflow, Premixed Ch4/O2/N2 Flames written by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) measurements of NO concentration in a variety of CH4/O2/N2 flames are used to evaluate the chemical kinetics of NO formation. The analysis begins with previous measurements in flat, laminar, premixed CH4/O2/N2 flames stabilized on a water-cooled McKenna burner at pressures ranging from 1 to 14.6 atm, equivalence ratios from 0.5 to 1.6, and volumetric nitrogen/oxygen dilution ratios of 2.2, 3.1 and 3.76. These measured results are compared to predictions to determine the capabilities and limitations of the comprehensive kinetic mechanism developed by the Gas Research Institute (GRI), version 2.11. The model is shown to predict well the qualitative trends of NO formation in lean-premixed flames, while quantitatively underpredicting NO concentration by 30-50%. For rich flames, the model is unable to even qualitatively match the experimental results. These flames were found to be limited by low temperatures and an inability to separate the flame from the burner surface. In response to these limitations, a counterflow burner was designed for use in opposed premixed flame studies. A new LIF calibration technique was developed and applied to obtain quantitative measurements of NO concentration in laminar, counterflow premixed, CH4/O2/N2 flames at pressures ranging from 1 to 5.1 atm, equivalence ratios of 0.6 to 1.5, and an N2/O2 dilution ratio of 3.76. The counterflow premixed flame measurements are combined with measurements in burner-stabilized premixed flames and counterflow diffusion flames to build a comprehensive database for analysis of the GRI kinetic mechanism. Pathways, quantitative reaction path and sensitivity analyses are applied to the GRI mechanism for these flame conditions. The prompt NO mechanism is found to severely underpredict the amount of NO formed in rich premixed and nitrogen-diluted diffusion flames. This underprediction is traced to uncertainties in the CH kinetics as well as in the nitrogen oxidation chemistry. S
Book Synopsis The Formation of Nitric Oxide in Diffusion Flames by : A. D. Tuteja
Download or read book The Formation of Nitric Oxide in Diffusion Flames written by A. D. Tuteja and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Formation of Nitric Oxide and the Detection of HCN in Premixed Hydrocarbon-Air Flames at 1 Atmosphere by : F. Bachmaier
Download or read book The Formation of Nitric Oxide and the Detection of HCN in Premixed Hydrocarbon-Air Flames at 1 Atmosphere written by F. Bachmaier and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NO concentration profiles of premixed hydrocarbon-air flames were measured using probe sampling and ultraviolet absorption of NO. The flames were stabilized on a Meker-type burner of 7 cm diameter at a pressure of 1 atm. Investigated fuels were CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2, C3H8, n-C4H10, n-C6H14, i-C8H18, C6H6, C6H12, and gasoline. The measurements show the formation of nitric oxide according to the Zeldovich mechanism. In fuel rich flames the NO formation due to the Zeldovich mechanism would require unreasonably high concentrations of O atoms, and evidence is given for another way of NO formation in these flames. HCN has been found as an intermediate species and exceeds the NO concentration in very fuel rich flames. (Modified author abstract).
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa Publisher :Independently Published ISBN 13 :9781792941610 Total Pages :32 pages Book Rating :4.9/5 (416 download)
Book Synopsis Nitric Oxide Formation in a Lean, Premixed-Prevaporized Jet A/Air Flame Tube by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Download or read book Nitric Oxide Formation in a Lean, Premixed-Prevaporized Jet A/Air Flame Tube written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-12-31 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental and analytical study was performed on a lean, premixed-prevaporized Jet A/air flame tube. The NO(x) emissions were measured in a flame tube apparatus at inlet temperatures ranging from 755 to 866 K (900 to 1100 F), pressures from 10 to 15 atm, and equivalence ratios from 0.37 to 0.62. The data were then used in regressing an equation to predict the NO(x) production levels in combustors of similar design. Through an evaluation of parameters it was found that NO(x) is dependent on adiabatic flame temperature and combustion residence time, yet independent of pressure and inlet air temperature for the range of conditions studied. This equation was then applied to experimental data that were obtained from the literature, and a good correlation was achieved. Lee, Chi-Ming and Bianco, Jean and Deur, John M. and Ghorashi, Bahman Glenn Research Center NASA-TM-105722, E-7121, NAS 1.15:105722 RTOP 537-01-11...
Book Synopsis Optical Measurements of Atomic Oxygen Concentration, Temperature and Nitric Oxide Production Rate in Flames by : Franklin Henry Myhr
Download or read book Optical Measurements of Atomic Oxygen Concentration, Temperature and Nitric Oxide Production Rate in Flames written by Franklin Henry Myhr and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Detailed Modeling and Laser-induced Fluorescence Imaging of Nitric Oxide in a NH(i)-seeded Non-premixed Methane by :
Download or read book Detailed Modeling and Laser-induced Fluorescence Imaging of Nitric Oxide in a NH(i)-seeded Non-premixed Methane written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper we study the formation of NO in laminar, nitrogen diluted methane diffusion flames that are seeded with ammonia in the fuel stream. We have performed numerical simulations with detailed chemistry as well as laser-induced fluorescence imaging measurements for a range of ammonia injection rates. For comparison with the experimental data, synthetic LIF images are calculated based on the numerical data accounting for temperature and fluorescence quenching effects. We demonstrate good agreement between measurements and computations. The LIF corrections inferred from the simulation are then used to calculate absolute NO mole fractions from the measured signal. The NO formation in both doped and undoped flames occurs in the flame sheet. In the undoped flame, four different mechanisms including thermal and prompt NO appear to contribute to NO formation. As the NH3 seeding level increases, fuel-NO becomes the dominant mechanism and N2 shifts from being a net reactant to being a net product. Nitric oxide in the undoped flame as well as in the core region of the doped flames are underpredicted by the model; we attribute this mainly to inaccuracies in the NO recycling chemistry on the fuel-rich side of the flame sheet.
Book Synopsis Nitric Oxide Formation in a Lean, Premixed-prevaporized Jet A/air Flame Tube: An Experimental and Analytical Study by :
Download or read book Nitric Oxide Formation in a Lean, Premixed-prevaporized Jet A/air Flame Tube: An Experimental and Analytical Study written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of the Burner Stabilization on Nitric Oxide Formation and Destruction in Atmospheric-pressure Flat Premixed Flames by : Alexei Vladimirovich Sepman
Download or read book Effects of the Burner Stabilization on Nitric Oxide Formation and Destruction in Atmospheric-pressure Flat Premixed Flames written by Alexei Vladimirovich Sepman and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitric Oxide Emissions and Fuel-S/fuel-N Interactions in Low-pressure, Premixed Flames by : Spyros Iraklis Tseregounis
Download or read book Nitric Oxide Emissions and Fuel-S/fuel-N Interactions in Low-pressure, Premixed Flames written by Spyros Iraklis Tseregounis and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comparison of Nitric Oxide Concentrations in Μs- and Ns-Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas by UV Absorption Spectroscopy by :
Download or read book Comparison of Nitric Oxide Concentrations in Μs- and Ns-Atmospheric Pressure Plasmas by UV Absorption Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Relationships Among Nitric Oxide, Temperature and Mixture Fraction in Hydrogen Jet Flames by :
Download or read book Relationships Among Nitric Oxide, Temperature and Mixture Fraction in Hydrogen Jet Flames written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simultaneous point measurements of NO, the major species, mixture fraction, temperature, and OH are obtained in nonpremixed turbulent hydrogen jet flames, using the combination of spontaneous Raman scattering, Rayleigh scattering, and laser-induced fluorescence. Results are presented for an undiluted hydrogen flame at Reynolds number 10,000 and for flames with 20% and 40% helium dilution. Radial dependence of conditional mean NO mole fraction (conditional on mixture fraction) is shown to be small at upstream locations and negligible at the downstream locations that contribute most to the overall NO emission. Near the flame base, where NO formation rates and concentrations are sensitive to local strain, fluctuations of the NO mole fraction conditional on mixture fraction are 40 to 50% of conditional mean. When average NO levels are calculated conditional on both mixture fraction and temperature, a significant temperature dependence is found. However, this double conditioning does not substantially reduce NO fluctuations relative to the mean values. These results combined with previously reported data on the present hydrogen flames provide a detailed basis for evaluation and refinement of turbulent combustion models for thermal NO(subscript x) formation in jet flames.
Book Synopsis Quantitative Fluorescence Measurements of Nitric Oxide and the Hydroxyl Radical in High Pressure Methane Flames by : Brett E. Battles
Download or read book Quantitative Fluorescence Measurements of Nitric Oxide and the Hydroxyl Radical in High Pressure Methane Flames written by Brett E. Battles and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
