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Ngos As Norm Constructors
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Book Synopsis NGOs as Norm-constructors by : Dorottya Atol
Download or read book NGOs as Norm-constructors written by Dorottya Atol and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis focuses on the human rights activism of Asian NGOs, especially with regard to their regional operations and contribution to the human rights discourse within the Asian region. Despite being the world's most populous region, Asia is the only continent without a regional human rights mechanism, whereas Europe, the Americas, and Africa have their own human rights systems with established institutional and normative frameworks. Nevertheless, the subject of human rights has a growing appeal in the Asian context, and efforts are ongoing to establish a regional human rights instrument, which is partly due to the campaigning activities of NGOs. This thesis seeks to contribute to the analysis of the regional activism of NGOs, their involvement in norm construction and in the shaping of an Asian human rights system. Building on the general discussion of Asian human rights NGOs operating on the national level, I explore the construction, operations and impact of Asian human rights NGOs' regional activism. I employ theories of human rights regionalisation, norm construction, and transnational advocacy networking. Two case studies of regionally operating Asian human rights NGOs are used to support my argument about NGOs' constitutive role in the regionalisation of human rights in Asia. Although the Asian Human Rights Commission (AHRC) and the Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA) pursue different regional advocacy strategies, they equally have effect on the regional development of human rights. Whereas the AHRC facilitates collective civil society initiatives to address regional human rights problems with the construction of normative frameworks, FORUM-ASIA seeks to influence the policies of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the only Asian intergovernmental body that has so far shown commitment toward creating a human rights instrument. This thesis demonstrates that both NGOs contribute to the shaping of Asian conceptions of human rights and to the creation of a regional human rights mechanism. Such regional activism of NGOs has significance, on the one hand, for the improvement of the human rights situation at the grassroots, and on the other hand, in constructing new norms, policies and institutional frames that can become integral part of a future human rights system in Asia. It is argued that NGO activism gives rise to new norms or re-interprets existing norms that become part of a distinctive Asian human rights discourse.
Book Synopsis Non-Governmental Organizations in World Politics by : Peter Willetts
Download or read book Non-Governmental Organizations in World Politics written by Peter Willetts and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-12-15 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) from Amnesty International and Oxfam to Greenpeace and Save the Children are now key players in global politics. This accessible and informative textbook provides a comprehensive overview of the significant role and increasing participation of NGOs in world politics. Peter Willetts examines the variety of different NGOs, their structure, membership and activities, and their complex relationship with social movements and civil society. He makes us aware that there are many more NGOs exercising influence in the United Nations system than the few famous ones. Conventional thinking is challenged in a radical manner on four questions: the extent of the engagement of NGOs in global policy- making; the status of NGOs within international law; the role of NGOs as crucial pioneers in the creation of the Internet; and the need to integrate NGOs within mainstream international relations theory. This is the definitive guide to this crucial area within international politics and should be required reading for students, NGO activists, and policy-makers.
Book Synopsis Global Standard NGOs by : Grant B. Stillman
Download or read book Global Standard NGOs written by Grant B. Stillman and published by Grant B. Stillman. This book was released on 2007 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Rules, Norms and NGO Advocacy Strategies by : Yumiko Yasuda
Download or read book Rules, Norms and NGO Advocacy Strategies written by Yumiko Yasuda and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is much controversy over the development of new dams for hydropower, where concerns for environmental protection and the livelihoods of local people may conflict with the goals of economic development. This book analyses the opportunities and barriers that NGOs and civil society actors face when conducting advocacy campaigns against such developments. Through a comparison of two NGO coalitions in Cambodia and Vietnam advocating against the Xayaburi hydropower dam on the Mekong River, the book explores the intricate interactions of formal and informal rules and norms and how they influence advocacy strategies. A framework for analysis is proposed which serves as a tool for analysis by civil society actors. The author generates fresh insights into the way in which opportunities and barriers are created for NGOs to influence state-centric decision-making processes. The book also discusses Mekong riparian states’ negotiation process over the Xayaburi hydropower dam in detail, providing an analysis of the Mekong River’s governance under the 1995 Mekong Agreement. The book concludes by suggesting ways to improve the engagement of civil society actors in the governance of transboundary rivers and development projects.
Book Synopsis Making Corporate Social Responsibility a Global Concern by : Lisbeth Segerlund
Download or read book Making Corporate Social Responsibility a Global Concern written by Lisbeth Segerlund and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-06 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, claims have increasingly been made on transnational corporations to take responsibility for the promotion and protection of human and labour rights in countries where they operate. This behavioural obligation results from the persistent advocacy of non-governmental organizations and is commonly known as corporate social responsibility (CSR). Driven by the theory of the 'norm life cycle model', the book uses an interesting range of case studies, including Nike and the anti-apartheid movement, to trace the development of CSR as an international norm. The development is examined through five selected non-governmental organizations: Clean Clothes Campaign, Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International, Global Exchange, International Business Leaders Forum and the International Labor Rights Fund. The book makes a lucid contribution to an emerging scholarship, and will interest researchers and practitioners involved in issues of global governance and global civil society.
Book Synopsis The Social Construction of Climate Change by : Mary E. Pettenger
Download or read book The Social Construction of Climate Change written by Mary E. Pettenger and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-02-24 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individuals, international organizations and states are calling for the world to confront climate change. Efforts such as the Kyoto Protocol have produced intractable disputes and are deemed inadequate. This volume adopts two constructivist perspectives - norm-centred and discourse - to explore the social construction of climate change from a broad, theoretical level to particular cases. The contributors contend that climate change must be understood from the context of social settings, and that we ignore at our peril how power and knowledge structures are generated. They offer a greater understanding of why current efforts to mitigate climate change have failed and provide academics and policy makers with a new understanding of this important topic.
Book Synopsis Making Corporate Social Responsibility an International Concern by : Lisbeth Segerlund
Download or read book Making Corporate Social Responsibility an International Concern written by Lisbeth Segerlund and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Norm Antipreneurs and the Politics of Resistance to Global Normative Change by : Alan Bloomfield
Download or read book Norm Antipreneurs and the Politics of Resistance to Global Normative Change written by Alan Bloomfield and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-10-04 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over recent decades International Relations scholars have investigated norm dynamics processes at some length, with the ‘norm entrepreneur’ concept having become a common reference point in the literature. The focus on norm entrepreneurs has, however, resulted in a bias towards investigating the agents and processes of successful normative change. This book challenges this inherent bias by explicitly focusing on those who resist normative change - norm ‘antipreneurs’. The utility of the norm antipreneur concept is explored through a series of case studies encompassing a range of issue areas and contributed by a mix of well-known and emergent scholars of norm dynamics. In examining the complexity of norm resistance, particular attention is paid to the nature and intent of the actors involved in norm-contestation, the sites and processes of resistance, the strategies and tactics antipreneurs deploy to defend the values and interests they perceive to be threatened by the entrepreneurs, and whether it is the entrepreneurs or the antipreneurs who enjoy greater inherent advantages. This text will therefore be of interest to scholars and students of International Relations, International Law, Political Science, Sociology and History.
Book Synopsis Diplomacy of Conscience by : Ann Marie Clark
Download or read book Diplomacy of Conscience written by Ann Marie Clark and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-03-18 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A small group founded Amnesty International in 1961 to translate human rights principles into action. Diplomacy of Conscience provides a rich account of how the organization pioneered a combination of popular pressure and expert knowledge to advance global human rights. To an extent unmatched by predecessors and copied by successors, Amnesty International has employed worldwide publicity campaigns based on fact-finding and moral pressure to urge governments to improve human rights practices. Less well known is Amnesty International's significant impact on international law. It has helped forge the international community's repertoire of official responses to the most severe human rights violations, supplementing moral concern with expertise and conceptual vision. Diplomacy of Conscience traces Amnesty International's efforts to strengthen both popular human rights awareness and international law against torture, disappearances, and political killings. Drawing on primary interviews and archival research, Ann Marie Clark posits that Amnesty International's strenuously cultivated objectivity gave the group political independence and allowed it to be critical of all governments violating human rights. Its capacity to investigate abuses and interpret them according to international standards helped it foster consistency and coherence in new human rights law. Generalizing from this study, Clark builds a theory of the autonomous role of nongovernmental actors in the emergence of international norms pitting moral imperatives against state sovereignty. Her work is of substantial historical and theoretical relevance to those interested in how norms take shape in international society, as well as anyone studying the increasing visibility of nongovernmental organizations on the international scene.
Book Synopsis The Social Construction of Europe by : Thomas Christiansen
Download or read book The Social Construction of Europe written by Thomas Christiansen and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2001-04-03 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: `The Social Construction of Europe is a wonderful tool for scholars and advanced students concened with European integration′ - Nationalism and Ethical Politics This book is the first to systematically introduce and apply a social constructivist perspective to the study of European integration. Social constructivism is carefully located in terms of its philosophical and methodological origins. The wider debates and contribution of constructivist approaches to international relations are reviewed, and the insights that might then be afforded to European studies fully explored. Highlights include: new theoretical contributions to the debate by Ernst B. Haas, Andrew Moravcsik and Steve Smith; research on key aspects of European integration and EU governance applying a variety of constructivist approaches. The Social Construction of Europe provides new and important insights to a key area of contemporary study and research.
Book Synopsis New Norms and Knowledge in World Politics by : Preslava Stoeva
Download or read book New Norms and Knowledge in World Politics written by Preslava Stoeva and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-10-16 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the process of norm development and knowledge creation in international politics, and assesses these processes in case studies on protection from torture, intellectual property rights and climate change. Drawing on the theories of constructivism and the sociology of scientific knowledge, author Preslava Stoeva demonstrates that international norms are a product of a sequence of closures and consensus reached at different social levels. She contends that it is this process which makes norms permeate the social and political fabric of international relations even before they become official principles of state behaviour. Proposing a theoretical model which indicates the stages of the development of norms, she studies the roles that various actors play in that process, together with the interplay of various types of power. Through this endeavour, this book succeeds in providing the reader with a better understanding of the social processes that lead to normative change in international relations. New Norms and Knowledge in World Politics will be of interest to students, scholars and practitioners of international relations, comparative politics, globalization, sociology and anthropology.
Book Synopsis Innovation in Construction by : Andre Manseau
Download or read book Innovation in Construction written by Andre Manseau and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can innovation in the construction industry be strengthened? What instruments and approaches are being used by governments to promote it? What works and under what circumstances? These key questions have profound implications. This book presents a framework for the analysis of innovation models and systems in construction and an international comparison of these systems, with a focus on their application in practical policy development.
Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook on Human Rights and the Middle East and North Africa by : Anthony Tirado Chase
Download or read book Routledge Handbook on Human Rights and the Middle East and North Africa written by Anthony Tirado Chase and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent events such as ‘Iran’s Green Revolution’ and the ‘Arab Uprisings’ have exploded notions that human rights are irrelevant to Middle Eastern and North African politics. Increasingly seen as a global concern, human rights are at the fulcrum of the region’s on-the-ground politics, transnational intellectual debates, and global political intersections. The Routledge Handbook on Human Rights and the Middle East and North Africa: emphasises the need to consider human rights in all their dimensions, rather than solely focusing on the political dimension, in order to understand the structural reasons behind the persistence of human rights violations; explores the various frameworks in which to consider human rights—conceptual, political and transnational/international; discusses issue areas subject to particularly intense debate—gender, religion, sexuality, transitions and accountability; contains contributions from perspectives that span from global theory to grassroots reflections, emphasising the need for academic work on human rights to seriously engage with the thoughts and practices of those working on the ground. A multidisciplinary approach from scholars with a wide range of expertise allows the book to capture the complex dynamics by which human rights have had, or could have, an impact on Middle Eastern and North African politics. This book will therefore be a key resource for students and scholars of Middle Eastern and North African politics and society, as well as anyone with a concern for Human Rights across the globe.
Book Synopsis Non-state Actors and Human Rights by : Philip Alston
Download or read book Non-state Actors and Human Rights written by Philip Alston and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can transnational corporations ignore human rights as long as governments don't hold them accountable? If the UN is put in charge of a territory, is it bound by human rights law? Does that body of law apply to private security contractors who use torture to achieve their goals? Does the right to freedom of speech apply in a private shopping mall which has become the modern-day town centre? Under traditional approaches to human rights, non-State actors are beyond the direct reach of international human rights law. They cannot be parties to the relevant treaties and so they are only bound to the extent that obligations accepted by States can be applied to them by governments. The result is that entities including Non-Governmental Organizations, international organizations such as the UN and the IMF, private security contractors, and transnational corporations, along with many others, are generally considered not to be bound directly by human rights law. This situation threatens to make a mockery of much of the international system of accountability for human rights violations. As privatization, outsourcing, and downsizing place ever more public or governmental functions into the hands of private actors, the human rights regime must adapt if it is to maintain its relevance. The contributors to this volume examine the different approaches that might be taken in order to ensure some degree of accountability. Making space in the legal regime to take account of the role of non-State actors is one of the biggest and most critical challenges facing international law today.
Book Synopsis The Construction of the Customary Law of Peace by : Cecilia M. Bailliet
Download or read book The Construction of the Customary Law of Peace written by Cecilia M. Bailliet and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2021-06-25 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thought-provoking book explores the emerging construction of a customary law of peace in Latin America and the developing jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. It traces the evolution of peace as both an end and a means: from a negative form, i.e. the absence of violence, to a positive form that encompasses equality, non-discrimination and social justice, including gendered perspectives on peace.
Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of NGOs and International Relations by : Thomas Davies
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of NGOs and International Relations written by Thomas Davies and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-04-09 with total page 933 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering insights from pioneering new perspectives in addition to well-established traditions of research, this Handbook considers the activities not only of advocacy groups in the environmental, feminist, human rights, humanitarian, and peace sectors, but also the array of religious, professional, and business associations that make up the wider non-governmental organization (NGO) community. Including perspectives from multiple world regions, the book takes account of institutions in the Global South, alongside better-known structures of the Global North. International contributors from a range of disciplines cover all the major aspects of research into NGOs in International Relations to present: a comprehensive overview of the historical evolution of NGOs, the range of structural forms and international networks coverage of major theoretical perspectives illustrations of how NGOs are influential in every prominent issue-area of contemporary International Relations evaluation of the significant regional variations among NGOs and how regional contexts influence the nature and impact of NGOs analysis of the ways NGOs address authoritarianism, terrorism, and challenges to democracy, and how NGOs handle concerns surrounding their own legitimacy and accountability. Exploring contrasting theories, regional dimensions, and a wide range of contemporary challenges facing NGOs, this Handbook will be essential reading for students, scholars, and practitioners alike.
Book Synopsis Translating International Women's Rights by : Susanne Zwingel
Download or read book Translating International Women's Rights written by Susanne Zwingel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-13 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at the centerpiece of the international women’s rights discourse, the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), and asks to what extent it affects the lives of women worldwide. Rather than assuming a trickle-down effect, the author discusses specific methods which have made CEDAW resonate. These methods include attempts to influence the international level by clarifying the meaning of women’s rights and strengthening the Convention’s monitoring procedure, and building connections between international and domestic contexts that enable diverse actors to engage with CEDAW. This analysis shows that while the Convention has worldwide impact, this impact is fundamentally dependent on context-specific values and agency. Hence, rather than thinking of women’s rights exclusively as normative content, Zwingel suggests to see them as in process. This book will especially appeal to students and scholars interested in transnational feminism and gender and global governance.
