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New Radiocarbon And Size Franctionation Approaches For Examining Organic Matter Source And Reactivity In The Sea
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Book Synopsis New Radiocarbon and Size-franctionation Approaches for Examining Organic Matter Source and Reactivity in the Sea by : Brett D. Walker
Download or read book New Radiocarbon and Size-franctionation Approaches for Examining Organic Matter Source and Reactivity in the Sea written by Brett D. Walker and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Dynamics and Characterization of Marine Organic Matter by : N. Handa
Download or read book Dynamics and Characterization of Marine Organic Matter written by N. Handa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade the scientific activities of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS), which focuses on the role of the oceans in controlling climate change via the transport and storage of greenhouse gases and organic matter, have led to an increased interest in the study of the biogeochemistry of organic matter. There is also a growing interest in global climate fluctuations. This, and the need for a precise assessment of the dynamics of carbon and other bio-elements, has led to a demand for an improved understanding of biogeochemical processes and the chemical characteristics of both particulate and dissolved organic matter in the ocean. A large amount of proxy data has been published describing the changes of the oceanic environment, but qualitative and quantitative estimates of the vertical flux of (proxy) organic compounds have not been well documented. There is thus an urgent need to pursue this line of study and, to this end, this book starts with several papers dealing with the primary production of organic matter in the upper ocean. Thereafter, the book goes on to follow the flux and characterization of particulate organic matter, discussed in relation to the primary production in the euphotic zone and resuspension in the deep waters, including the vertical flux of proxy organic compounds. It goes on to explain the decomposition and transformation of organic matter in the ocean environment due to photochemical and biological agents, and the reactivity of bulk and specific organic compounds, including the air-sea interaction of biogenic gases. The 22 papers in the book reflect the interests of JGOFS and will thus serve as a valuable reference source for future biogeochemical investigations of both bio-elements and organic matter in seawater, clarifying the role of the ocean in global climate change.
Book Synopsis Marine Organic Matter: Biomarkers, Isotopes and DNA by : J. K. Volkman
Download or read book Marine Organic Matter: Biomarkers, Isotopes and DNA written by J. K. Volkman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-09 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans contain a great biodiversity of marine organisms. They include a rich variety of unusual genes and biochemistries and hence a diverse array of organic compounds ranging from colourful carotenoids and chlorophylls to lipids with structures ranging from the simple to the complex. This volume brings together ten chapters on the occurrence and identification of the lipid biomarkers and of pigments in marine waters. It describes how they can be used in conjunction with stable isotopes and molecular biology to ascertain the sources and fate of organic matter (both natural and pollutant) in the sea and underlying sediments. The authors are each experts in their field and the chapters provide both an overview of the state-of-the-art and knowledge gaps together with abundant detail to satisfy the needs of specialists and non-specialists alike.
Book Synopsis Chemical Controls on the Cycling and Reactivity of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter by : Benjamin Nash Granzow
Download or read book Chemical Controls on the Cycling and Reactivity of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter written by Benjamin Nash Granzow and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an actively cycling reservoir of carbon containing thousands of unique compounds. To describe the complex dynamics that govern the biological transformation and decomposition of compounds in this molecular black box, models of DOM reactivity use chemical characteristics, as well as environmental parameters, to describe trends in the turnover time of classes of DOM. In this thesis, I describe two projects that examine hypotheses regarding the turnover of two classes of DOM. In the 1st project, I test the assumption made by the size-reactivity continuum hypothesis that high molecular weight (> 1 kDa) DOM (HMWDOM) represents a diagenetic intermediate between large labile material and small recalcitrant compounds. Size-fractions of HMWDOM were collected using size-exclusion chromatography, and the changes in MW and chemical composition of the fractions were studied using diffusion-ordered spectroscopy. The size fraction carbon isotopic values were correlated with the proportion of humic substances in the fractions. Through linear modeling, the apparent radiocarbon ages of the two major components of HMWDOM were determined to be 1-3 yrs and 2-4 kyrs, respectively. Combined with the measurements of MW distribution this work demonstrates that HMWDOM is composed of two components that have contrasting decomposition pathways in the ocean. HMWDOM cannot be treated as a single DOM pool when incorporated into models of DOM diagenesis. The 2nd project in this dissertation examines the remineralization of phosphonates, compounds with a direct C-P bond, in the lower euphotic zone using a newly developed fluorescent assay, which measures the activity of carbon-phosphorus lyase. C-P lyase activity (CLA) profiles from the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) showed a sharp activity maximum near the deep-chlorophyll maximum (DCM). High-resolution nutrient measurements suggest that this subsurface CLA maximum is the result of a high nitrate flux at the top of the nitracline. The composition of particulate-P through the euphotic zone was also examined. While phosphonates were not detected in suspended particles, a significant amount of aminoethylphosphonate was measured in sinking material, suggesting eukaryotic material may be an important source of phosphonates to the ocean.
Book Synopsis Linking Optical and Chemical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters by : Christopher L. Osburn
Download or read book Linking Optical and Chemical Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters written by Christopher L. Osburn and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A substantial increase in the number of studies using the optical properties (absorbance and fluorescence) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) as a proxy for its chemical properties in estuaries and the coastal and open ocean has occurred during the last decade. We are making progress on finding the actual chemical compounds or phenomena responsible for DOM’s optical properties. Ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry, in particular, has made important progress in making the key connections between optics and chemistry. But serious questions remain and the last major special issue on DOM optics and chemistry occurred nearly 10 years ago. Controversies remain from the non-specific optical properties of DOM that are not linked to discrete sources, and sometimes provide conflicting information. The use of optics, which is relatively easier to employ in synoptic and high resolution sampling to determine chemistry, is a critical connection to make and can lead to major advances in our understanding of organic matter cycling in all aquatic ecosystems. The contentions and controversies raised by our poor understanding of the linkages between optics and chemistry of DOM are bottlenecks that need to be addressed and overcome.
Book Synopsis Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter by : Oliver J. Lechtenfeld
Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter written by Oliver J. Lechtenfeld and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Remineralization of Marine Organic Matter by Diverse Biological and Abiotic Processes by : James Robert Collins
Download or read book The Remineralization of Marine Organic Matter by Diverse Biological and Abiotic Processes written by James Robert Collins and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While aerobic respiration is typically invoked as the dominant mass-balance sink for organic matter in the upper ocean, many other biological and abiotic processes can degrade particulate and dissolved substrates on globally significant scales. The relative strengths of these other remineralization processes - including mechanical mechanisms such as dissolution and disaggregation of sinking particles, and abiotic processes such as photooxidation - remain poorly constrained. In this thesis, I examine the biogeochemical significance of various alternative pathways of organic matter remineralization using a combination of field experiments, modeling approaches, geochemical analyses, and a new, high-throughput lipidomics method for identification of lipid biomarkers. I first assess the relative importance of particle-attached microbial respiration compared to other processes that can degrade sinking marine particles. A hybrid methodological approach - comparison of substrate-specific respiration rates from across the North Atlantic basin with Monte Carlo-style sensitivity analyses of a simple mechanistic model - suggested sinking particle material was transferred to the water column by various biological and mechanical processes nearly 3.5 times as fast as it was directly respired, questioning the conventional assumption that direct respiration dominates remineralization. I next present and demonstrate a new lipidomics method and open-source software package for discovery and identification of molecular biomarkers for organic matter degradation in large, high-mass-accuracy HPLC-ESI-MS datasets. I use the software to unambiguously identify more than 1,100 unique lipids, oxidized lipids, and oxylipins in data from cultures of the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum that were subjected to oxidative stress. Finally, I present the results of photooxidation experiments conducted with liposomes - nonliving aggregations of lipids - in natural waters of the Southern Ocean. A broadband polychromatic apparent quantum yield (AQY) is applied to estimate rates of lipid photooxidation in surface waters of the West Antarctic Peninsula, which receive seasonally elevated doses of ultraviolet radiation as a consequence of anthropogenic ozone depletion in the stratosphere. The mean daily rate of lipid photooxidation (50 ± 11 pmol IP-DAG L−1 d−1, equivalent to 31 ± 7 [mu]g C m−3 d−1) represented between 2 and 8 % of the total bacterial production observed in surface waters immediately following the retreat of the sea ice.
Book Synopsis Radiocarbon After Four Decades by : Ervin Taylor
Download or read book Radiocarbon After Four Decades written by Ervin Taylor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiocarbon After Four Decades: An Interdisciplinary Perspective commemorates the 40th anniversary of radiocarbon dating. The volume presents discussions of every aspect of this dating technique, as well as chronicles of its development and views of future advancements and applications. All of the 64 authors played major roles in establishment, development or application of this revolutionary scientific tool. The 35 chapters provide a solid foundation in the essential topics of radiocarbon dating: Historical Perspectives; The Natural Carbon Cycle; Instrumentation and Sample Preparation; Hydrology; Old World Archaeology; New World Archaeology; Earth Sciences; and Biomedical Applications.
Book Synopsis Investigating the Radiocarbon Characteristics of Covalently-bound Components of Sedimentary Organic Matter by :
Download or read book Investigating the Radiocarbon Characteristics of Covalently-bound Components of Sedimentary Organic Matter written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Marine Organic Matter: Biomarkers, Isotopes and DNA by : J. K. Volkman
Download or read book Marine Organic Matter: Biomarkers, Isotopes and DNA written by J. K. Volkman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-02-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans contain a great biodiversity of marine organisms. They include a rich variety of unusual genes and biochemistries and hence a diverse array of organic compounds ranging from colourful carotenoids and chlorophylls to lipids with structures ranging from the simple to the complex. This volume brings together ten chapters on the occurrence and identification of the lipid biomarkers and of pigments in marine waters. It describes how they can be used in conjunction with stable isotopes and molecular biology to ascertain the sources and fate of organic matter (both natural and pollutant) in the sea and underlying sediments. The authors are each experts in their field and the chapters provide both an overview of the state-of-the-art and knowledge gaps together with abundant detail to satisfy the needs of specialists and non-specialists alike.
Book Synopsis A Molecular and Isotopic Approach to Examine the Role of Terrestrial Organic Matter in the Carbon Cycle of the Arctic Ocean by : Laura Lee Belicka
Download or read book A Molecular and Isotopic Approach to Examine the Role of Terrestrial Organic Matter in the Carbon Cycle of the Arctic Ocean written by Laura Lee Belicka and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radiocarbon in Organic Compound Classes of Particulate and Sedimentary Organic Matter in the Northeast Pacific Ocean by : Jeom-Shik Hwang
Download or read book Radiocarbon in Organic Compound Classes of Particulate and Sedimentary Organic Matter in the Northeast Pacific Ocean written by Jeom-Shik Hwang and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Use of Radiocarbon Dating for Investigating the Dynamics of Soil Organic Matter by : Yvon Martel
Download or read book The Use of Radiocarbon Dating for Investigating the Dynamics of Soil Organic Matter written by Yvon Martel and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Marine Sedimentary Organic Matter by : Bryan C. Benitez-Nelson
Download or read book Marine Sedimentary Organic Matter written by Bryan C. Benitez-Nelson and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis details two years of research conducted with the guidance and support of three advisors: Dr. J.K. Whelan, Dr. J.S. Seewald and Dr. T.I. Eglinton. Each of the three chapters represents a different, self-contained research project. All of the projects are related to the organic geochemistry of marine sediments, however, this is a fairly encompassing area of study. Chapters 1 and 2 stem from the same experimental study -the use of hydrous-pyrolysis to investigate mechanisms leading to the production of petroleum-related products during kerogen maturation. Chapter 3, on the other hand, utilizes a recently developed technique of isolating and AMS-14C dating individual compounds from complex sedimentary organic mixtures. The samples used in each investigation came from all over the world. The first two chapters utilize ancient marine sediment samples obtained from an outcrop in California (Chpts. 1 and 2) and from a well in Alabama (Chpt. 2). In contrast, recent marine sediment samples were obtained from the Arabian and Black Seas for the third chapter. Several preparative and analytical methods are common to all three studies. Nevertheless, each employ techniques totally unique from one another and from previous investigations. In Chapter 1, for example, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES) is used to determine the speciation of organic sulfur present in kerogen, bitumen, and bulk sediment samples. While Chapter 3 represents the first study in which the 14C ages of individual, known hydrocarbon biomarkers are determined after isolation by Preparative Capillary Gas Chromatography (PCGC). The insights gained by these investigations are discussed in detail in the following chapters. The common thread between the three chapters is that the source of organic matter, the rate at which it is delivered to marine sediments and the depositional environment, all set the stage for kerogen formation and eventual petroleum generation.
Book Synopsis Cycling of Organic Carbon in the Ocean by : Peter Montague Williams
Download or read book Cycling of Organic Carbon in the Ocean written by Peter Montague Williams and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sources and Reactivity of Organic Matter Accumulating in a Rapidly Depositing, Coastal Marine Sediment by : Robert I. Haddad
Download or read book Sources and Reactivity of Organic Matter Accumulating in a Rapidly Depositing, Coastal Marine Sediment written by Robert I. Haddad and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 806 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigating Sources of Molecular Uncharacterized Organic Carbon in Sinking Particles from Three Ocean Basins by : Leslie Roland
Download or read book Investigating Sources of Molecular Uncharacterized Organic Carbon in Sinking Particles from Three Ocean Basins written by Leslie Roland and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
