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New Developments In The Synthesis And Doping Of Polyacetylene And Polyaniline
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Book Synopsis New Developments in the Synthesis and Doping of Polyacetylene and Polyaniline by : A. G. MacDiarmid
Download or read book New Developments in the Synthesis and Doping of Polyacetylene and Polyaniline written by A. G. MacDiarmid and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of cis-rich N-(CH)x and ARA-(CHA)x forms of B.A.S.F. polyacetylene involving elemental analysis of the pristine polymer and conductivities of the I2/CCl4 doped polymer are reported. Even though significant quantities of catalyst residue are present, the conductivity of the doped polymer is comparable to that of doped Shirakawa (CH)x. The synthesis of polyaniline in its fully oxidized, fully reduced and selected average intermediate oxidation states is described. The processing of polyaniline films and fibers by thermal stretching to give conductivities up to 100 S/cm is reported. Both doped and undoped polyaniline fibers have tensile strengths approaching those of commercial polymers.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals and Emerging Applications of Polyaniline by : Masoud Mozafari
Download or read book Fundamentals and Emerging Applications of Polyaniline written by Masoud Mozafari and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-08-09 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals and Emerging Applications of Polyaniline presents in-depth coverage of synthetic routes, characterization tools, experimental procedures, and the preparation of PANI-based materials for advanced applications. Sections examine the various synthetic routes available for the polymerization of aniline, covering both conventional methods and new approaches, specific PANI-based materials, and their potential applications. Users will be able to understand how to use these methods in areas such as electromagnetic interference shielding, rechargeable batteries, light emitting diodes, super capacitors, anti-static packaging and coatings, photonics, biomedical applications, chemical and biochemical sensors. This is a highly valuable source of information for researchers, scientists and graduate students in polymer science, polymer composites, polymer chemistry, nanotechnology, physics and materials science. - Covers the latest synthetic approaches, such as ultrasound-assisted polymerization, irradiation path and electrochemical polymerization - Offers detailed information on PANI-based composites, including graphene, CNT and functionalized polyaniline - Explains how different PANI-based materials can be geared for specific cutting-edge applications across a range of fields
Book Synopsis Polyacetylene and Polyaniline by : David Bruce Swanson
Download or read book Polyacetylene and Polyaniline written by David Bruce Swanson and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1002 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synthesis and Properties of Polyaniline by : Mukesh Chander
Download or read book Synthesis and Properties of Polyaniline written by Mukesh Chander and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2014-01 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers are large molecules made up of simple repeating units. Polymer with significant electronic conductivity has developed from laboratory curiosities to important commercial materials in the span of last 25 years. Polyaniline (PANI) is a conducting polymer of the semi-flexible rod polymer family. Polyaniline is among a family of conductive polymer and has properties similar to some metals. The most important characteristic however is that when polymers are highly oxidized, the charge carriers are spin less. Conductivity in a normally insulating polymer is made possible by doping. "Doping" is the treatment with halogen.The result of UV-Vis shows the optical properties of sample. In FTIR result, showing of stretching vibration shows bonding between atoms. The result of XRD shows that our polymer is amorphous in nature.
Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 910 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics by : J.L. Brédas
Download or read book Conjugated Polymeric Materials: Opportunities in Electronics, Optoelectronics, and Molecular Electronics written by J.L. Brédas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Conjugated Polymers held at the University of Mons, Belgium, during the first week of September 1989. The Workshop was attended by about fifty scientists representing most of the leading research groups within NATO countries, that have contributed to the development of conjugated polymeric materials. The program was focused on applications related to electrical conductivity and nonlinear optics. The attendance was well balanced with a blend of researchers from academic, industrial, and government labs, and including synthetic chemists, physical chemists, physicists, materials scientists, and theoreticians. The Workshop provided an especially timely opportunity to discuss the important progress that has taken place in the field of Conjugated Polymers in the late eighties as well as the enormous potential that lies in front of us. Among the recent significant developments in the field, we can cite for instance: (i) The discovery of novel synthetic routes affording conjugated polymers -that are much better characterized, especially through control of the molecular weight; - that can be processed from solution or the melt; the early promise that conducting polymcrs would constitute materials combining the electrical conductivities of metals with the mechanical properties of plastics is now being realized; -that can reach remarkably high conductivities.
Book Synopsis Developments in Polyacetylene - Nanopolyacetylene by : V.M. Kobryanskii
Download or read book Developments in Polyacetylene - Nanopolyacetylene written by V.M. Kobryanskii and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review discusses the preparation of highly ordered polyacetylene blends and compares forms of polyacetylene obtained by different methodsand includes an analysis of the formation of defects in polyacetylene during growth of the polyene chain and cis-trans isomerisation. The mechanism of acetylene polymerisation with rhenium catalysts, and the reactivity of highly ordered polyacetylene blends to oxidation and doping are also discussed. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further reading.
Book Synopsis Computational and Experimental Analysis of Functional Materials by : Oleksandr V. Reshetnyak
Download or read book Computational and Experimental Analysis of Functional Materials written by Oleksandr V. Reshetnyak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-27 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at the synthesis of polyaniline by different methods, under different conditions, for various applications, and presents studies of its properties by a wide range of the modern physic-chemical methods. The book provides a comprehensive analysis of experimental results from the point of view of the correlations in the triad synthesis conditions–structurephysico–chemical properties. It combines the results of experimental investigations and original methodology of the description of physical–chemical and electrochemical phenomena at interface surfaces, showing an influence of such phenomena on the applied aspects of the polyaniline and nanocomposites on its basis applications.
Book Synopsis Self-Doped Conducting Polymers by : Michael S. Freund
Download or read book Self-Doped Conducting Polymers written by Michael S. Freund and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-03-13 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Self-Doped Conducting Polymers provides an introduction to conducting polymers in general and self-doped conducting polymers in particular. This is followed by an in depth exploration of the synthesis, properties and utilization of several types of self-doped polymers. Optimization of self-doped polymers is also discussed.
Book Synopsis Conductive Polymers by : César Quijada
Download or read book Conductive Polymers written by César Quijada and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pioneering work by Nobel Prize Laureates Heeger, MacDiarmid, and Shirakawa marked the birth of conductive polymers, a new family of revolutionary organic materials at the boundaries between classic plastics, metals, and semiconductors. Since then, a host of chemically diverse conducting polymeric structures has been devised with fascinating optical, electrical, magnetic, and redox properties that can be tuned using easy chemical/electrochemical doping. In recent decades, the combination and blend of conductive polymers with other materials families (e.g., carbon nanomaterials, metal nanoparticles or oxide nanostructures, common polymers, and resins) fostered the advent of a new generation of hybrid multifunctional composites with enhanced properties and high potential for present and near-future everyday life applications, ranging from photovoltaics, OLEDs, smart windows and garments, plastic batteries for sensors, and intelligent actuators. In this book, we compile some of the latest advances in the field, covering both old issues and new examples emphasizing emerging applications in biomedical science, healthcare, separation science, and water pollution abatement.
Book Synopsis Conducting Polymers by : Luiz Carlos Almeida
Download or read book Conducting Polymers written by Luiz Carlos Almeida and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, written by leading experts of the international scientific community, is divided into 10 chapters and gives a comprehensive review of the important aspects of conducting polymers. Synthetic methodologies of these polymers and their nanocomposites along with their electrical and electrochemical properties are described herein. Application of the conducting polymers for sensors, solar cells and lithium batteries are also presented. The editor and all contributors believe the subjects highlighted are important topics in the field of conducting polymers and make this book a very useful scientific support to a large audience of readers, from students to senior researchers in the academic community and from engineers to business people in different industrial sectors.
Book Synopsis Doping in Conjugated Polymers by : Pradip Kar
Download or read book Doping in Conjugated Polymers written by Pradip Kar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-08-26 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An A-to-Z of doping including its definition, its importance, methods of measurement, advantages and disadvantages, properties and characteristics—and role in conjugated polymers The versatility of polymer materials is expanding because of the introduction of electro-active behavior into the characteristics of some of them. The most exciting development in this area is related to the discovery of intrinsically conductive polymers or conjugated polymers, which include such examples as polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene as well as their derivatives. "Synmet" or "synthetic metal" conjugated polymers, with their metallic characteristics, including conductivity, are of special interest to researchers. An area of limitless potential and application, conjugated polymers have sparked enormous interest, beginning in 2000 when the Nobel Prize for the discovery and development of electrically conducting conjugated polymers was awarded to three scientists: Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, and Hideki Shirakawa. Conjugated polymers have a combination of properties—both metallic (conductivity) and polymeric; doping gives the conjugated polymer's semiconducting a wide range of conductivity, from insulating to low conducting. The doping process is a tested effective method for producing conducting polymers as semiconducting material, providing a substitute for inorganic semiconductors. Doping in Conjugated Polymers is the first book dedicated to the subject and offers a comprehensive A-to-Z overview. It details doping interaction, dopant types, doping techniques, and the influence of the dopant on applications. It explains how the performance of doped conjugated polymers is greatly influenced by the nature of the dopants and their level of distribution within the polymer, and shows how the electrochemical, mechanical, and optical properties of the doped conjugated polymers can be tailored by controlling the size and mobility of the dopants counter ions. The book also examines doping at the nanoscale, in particular, with carbon nanotubes. Readership The book will interest a broad range of researchers including chemists, electrochemists, biochemists, experimental and theoretical physicists, electronic and electrical engineers, polymer and materials scientists. It can also be used in both graduate and upper-level undergraduate courses on conjugated polymers and polymer technology.
Book Synopsis Polyaniline and Its Derivatives Doped with Lewis Acids by : Krzysztof Bieńkowski
Download or read book Polyaniline and Its Derivatives Doped with Lewis Acids written by Krzysztof Bieńkowski and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presented research is devoted to the studies of the doping of polyaniline and its ring substituted derivatives (polyanisidine, poly(2-ethylaniline)) with AlCl3 and FeCl3 as well as with their derivatives containing mixed chloride - acetylacetonate ligands (AlCl2(acac) and (FeCl(acac)2). AlCl3 and FeCl3 doped polymers are conductive and show the electronic type conductivity of the order 10-3 S/cm. Complementary spectroscopic studies involving UV-Vis-NIR, IR, EPR, 27Al NMR (in the case of AlCl3 doping) and 57Fe Mössbauer effect (in the case of FeCl3 doping), combined with elemental analysis, enabled us to elucidate the doping reaction mechanism, which in both cases is the same. The doping involves, in the first step, the self-dissociation of the dopant molecule. The cationic product of this self-dissociation is the complexed on imine nitrogen sites of the polymer chain, whereas the anionic part is incorporated into the polymer matrix to neutralise the positive charge imposed on the polymer chain. The coordination sphere of the cationic complex is completed by solvation with a nitromethane molecule. Charge rearrangement accompanying the doping process produces mobile radical cations on the polymer chain, which assure electronic conductivity of the doped polymer. This mechanism clearly explains the presence of charge carriers and the radical cation structure of the doped polymer chain detected by EPR and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopies. FeCl3 doped polyaniline shows poor mechanical properties, which can however, be improved by post-treatment with hexafluoroacetylacetone (HFAA). This treatment results in the transformation of FeCl3 (Lewis acid) doped polyaniline into HFeCl4 (Brönsted acid) doped polymer, simultaneously plasticized with HFAA. Doping with mixed ligands (AlCl2(acac) and (FeCl(acac)2.), although being inactive with respect to polyaniline doping, readily dope polyanisidine and poly(2-ethylaniline). The chains of doped polymers adopt the radical cation structure as evidenced by UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, however the doping mechanism is more complex than in the case of reaction with AlCl3 or FeCl3. The doping with AlCl2(acac) results in the AlCl3 doped polymer with Al(acac)3 incorporated to the polymer matrix as a side reaction product. Doping with FeCl(acac)2 produces more than expected non-equivalent iron sites of the chemical constitution not easily identifiable by Mössbauer spectroscopy.
Book Synopsis Polyaniline Blends, Composites, and Nanocomposites by : P.M. Visakh
Download or read book Polyaniline Blends, Composites, and Nanocomposites written by P.M. Visakh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-10-31 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyaniline Blends, Composites, and Nanocomposites summarizes recent advances in polyaniline-based blends, composites and nanocomposites. Polyaniline (PANI) is a conducting polymer with a range of potential applications, particularly in electronics and packaging. The book covers the preparation, characterization and application of PANI-based composites, including the structure-property relationship and modification of PANI. It offers an in-depth update on the major findings and observations in the field of polyaniline-based blends, composites and nanocomposites, with contributions from leading researchers in industry, academia, government and private research institutions worldwide. The book is an application-oriented, practical guide to the development and application of this polymeric material. The book includes discussion of reinforcement of polyaniline via addition of carbon-based materials, blends with thermoplastics, thermosets, natural and synthetic rubber, and polyaniline based composites and nanocomposites, with an emphasis on enabling polymer scientists and engineers to more effectively utilize this material in new applications. - Includes an in-depth update on the state of research into this exciting material, with detailed and practical information for developing emerging applications of polyaniline - Enables polymer scientists and engineers to overcome challenges and take advantage of opportunities relating to polyaniline, e.g., solubility of the polymer, improving conductivity and more - Includes detailed coverage of the preparation, characterization and application of PANI-based composites in detail, along with the structure-property relationship and modification of PANI
Book Synopsis Conjugated Polymers by : J.L. Brédas
Download or read book Conjugated Polymers written by J.L. Brédas and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991-09-30 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CONJUGATED POLYMERS: THE IMTERPLAY BETWEEN SYNTHESIS, 1 STRUCTURE, AND PROPERTIES C. B. GORMAN and R. H. GRUBBS 1. Introduction 2 2. Structural Features of Conjuqated. Polyaers 3 3. Polymer Synthesis: Basic Methods 4 3. 1 Step-Growth Polymerization 5 3. 2 Chain-Growth Polymerization 6 3. 3 Rinq-Openinq Polymerization 8 4. Direct Synthetic Methods 8 4. 1 Electrochemical Synthesis 9 4. 2 Synthesis by Step-Growth Polymerization 11 4. 2. 1 Polyaniline (PAN) 11 4. 2. 2 Poly(Phenylene Sulfide) 12 4. 2. 3 Poly thiophene and its Derivatives 13 4. 2. 4 Other 5-membered Heterocyclic 16 Derivatives 4. 2. 5 Polyparaphenylene (PPP) 17 4. 2. 6 Polysilanes 18 4. 2. 7 Polymers of Phthalocyanines 19 4. 2. 8 Other Conjugated Metal Coordination 20 Polymers 4. 2. 9 Ladder Polymers 21 4. 3 The Unusual Topochemical Polymerization to 23 form Polydiacetylenes 4. 4 Chain-Growth Polymerizations 24 4. 4. 1 Polyacetylene via Ziegler-Natta 24 Polymerization 4. 4. 2 Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization 26 Routes to Polyacetylenes 5. Polymers fro. precursors 27 5. 1 Polyparaphenylene (PPP) 27 5. 2 Poly(Phenylene Vinylene) (PPV) and Other 28 Vinylene Polymers 5. 3 Precursors to Polyacetylene 29 6. Extentions of these Methods in the Synthesis of 31 .saall-Bandqap. Pplymers 7. Conjuqated. Polymer Matrices 33 8. Conclusions and Caveats 35 Acknowled. qements 36 References 36 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS PROPERTIES OF HIGHLY CONDUCTIHG POLYACETYLEHE 49 Th. SCHIMMEL, D. GLASER, M. SCHWOERER AND H. NAARMANN 1. Introduction 50 2. SBIlpie Synthesis, lIorphology and Properties 52 2."
Book Synopsis Conducting Polymers by : Luis Alcácer
Download or read book Conducting Polymers written by Luis Alcácer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development and the study of both ionic and electronically conducting polymers have been. in the past few years. areas of· increasing interest. These new materials are. in fact. being considered for many technological applications. namely low weight. high energy density batteries and sensors. This volume contains the proceedings of a workshop on this subject. sponsored by the U.S. Army Research. Development and Standardization Group (U.K.). which took place in Sintra - Portugal from July 27 to July 31. 1986. The workshop. which included lectures. communications and discussion panels. was very sucessfull and the combination of ionic with electronically conducting polymers and their applications. not usually together in workshops or conferences. proved to be an excellent idea. Lisbon December. 1986 Luis Alcacer ix THE ELECTROCHEMISTRY OF ELECTRONICALLY CONDUCTING POLYMERS J. O'M. Bockris and David Miller Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station, Texas 77843 USA ABSTRACT. The new field of the electrochemistry of electronically conducting polymers is reviewed. A brief historical account traces the beginning of organic electrodes to Ka11mann and Pope, who, in 1960, observed charge injection and conductance in anthracene electrodes.
Book Synopsis Physical Properties and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites by : S C Tjong
Download or read book Physical Properties and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites written by S C Tjong and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2010-10-29 with total page 943 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer nanocomposites are polymer matrices reinforced with nano-scale fillers. This new class of composite materials has shown improved mechanical and physical properties. The latter include enhanced optical, electrical and dielectric properties. This important book begins by examining the characteristics of the main types of polymer nanocomposites, then reviews their diverse applications.Part one focuses on polymer/nanoparticle composites, their synthesis, optical properties and electrical conductivity. Part two describes the electrical, dielectric and thermal behaviour of polymer/nanoplatelet composites, whilst polymer/nanotube composites are the subject of Part three. The processing and industrial applications of these nanocomposite materials are discussed in Part four, including uses in fuel cells, bioimaging and sensors as well as the manufacture and applications of electrospun polymer nanocomposite fibers, nanostructured transition metal oxides, clay nanofiller/epoxy nanocomposites, hybrid epoxy-silica-rubber nanocomposites and other rubber-based nanocomposites.Polymer nanocomposites: Physical properties and applications is a valuable reference tool for both the research community and industry professionals wanting to learn about the these materials and their applications in such areas as fuel cell, sensor and biomedical technology. - Examines the characteristics of the main types of polymer nanocomposites and reviews their diverse applications - Comprehensively assesses polymer/nanoparticle composites exploring experimental techniques and data associated with the conductivity and dielectric characterization - A specific section on polymer/nanotube composites features electrical and dielectric behaviour of polymer/carbon nanotube composites
