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New Characterization Techniques For Thin Polymer Films
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Book Synopsis New Characterization Techniques for Thin Polymer Films by : Ho-ming Herbert Tong
Download or read book New Characterization Techniques for Thin Polymer Films written by Ho-ming Herbert Tong and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1990-05-14 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various industries and universities have aimed their activities toward the development of highly sensitive techniques capable of studying ultrathin polymer films. Provides researchers with a working description of the principles of operation, areas of application and data analysis methods for some of the newly developed techniques, as well as sufficient references for future in-depth studies of thin polymer films. The techniques covered are divided into two groups--bulk property measurements and surface/interface property measurements--with chapters covering microdielectrometry, stress measurement by x-ray diffraction, laser interferometry, ion beam analysis, photothermal analysis, and XPS/SIMS/AES, among other techniques. Abstracts for each of the chapters are conveniently located in the preface.
Book Synopsis Patterning and Characterization Approaches of Polymer Thin Films by : Marvin Young Paik
Download or read book Patterning and Characterization Approaches of Polymer Thin Films written by Marvin Young Paik and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymers have been used in thin film coatings as a way to produce tailor made surfaces. These thin films have been explored for use in a variety of applications to produce antifouling coatings, corrosion resistant coatings, biocompatible surfaces, and biomedical devices. Polymer brushes, polymer chains tethered to a substrate or surface, synthesized by surface-initiated polymerization have gained significant attention in recent years. As brushes offer a new pathway towards the preparation of functional surfaces and offer long term stability, even in adverse environments, they are attractive for use as high-tech coatings. Patterned polymer thin films have also seen growing interest for various applications. This dissertation will focus on the top-down direct patterning of polymer brushes and the bottom-up self-assembly of block copolymer thin films. A new approach to creating patterned polymer brushes is highlighted, which is a simpler approach than what is conventionally done. Various polymer brushes were patterned directly using electron beam lithography to create high resolution patterned polymer brushes in a single step. This method was then used to demonstrate the unique ability to create sub-surface patterns within the brush. Additionally, direct patterning was used to create high resolution patterned binary polymer brushes of PMMA and PEGMA. With this binary patterned surface, a surface that responds to its local environment was created. This thesis also details characterization techniques used in probing polymer thin films to better understand how to improve block copolymer self-assembly. By using a powerful technique called grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) on solvent vapor annealed block copolymer thin films while monitoring the solvent vapor swollen film thickness and controlling the film swelling with a nitrogen counterflow, the work presented demonstrates how to accurately determine the processing conditions necessary for the annealing process to take place. This process also provides information as to what changes are occurring during the annealing process. Another characterization technique known as near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) is also highlighted. A more exact calculation of the electron escape depth (EED) for NEXAFS is done using polymer brushes as the calibration sample. With this information, we can do composition depth profiling on our polymer thin films to identify what is at the surface.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Polymer Surfaces and Thin Films by : K. Grundke
Download or read book Characterization of Polymer Surfaces and Thin Films written by K. Grundke and published by Progress in Colloid and Polymer Science. This book was released on 2006-05-09 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes contributions to the 10th Dresden Polymer Discussion which was held in Meißen near Dresden from April 10 to 13, 2005 organized by the Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden and the Institute of Macromolecular and Textile Chemistry of the Technische Universität Dresden. The meeting was focussed on Characterization of Polymer Surfaces and Thin Films. Comprehensive characterization of surfaces and interfaces is essential to relate surface and thin film properties to micro structure and molecular origin, which is, on the other hand, the key to technological control and improvement of materials. The contributions in this volume cover a representative spectrum of surface sensitive techniques and their application to polymer surface and thin film characterization as well as recent examples of technologically relevant materials and process development.
Book Synopsis Polymer Structure Characterization by : Richard A Pethrick
Download or read book Polymer Structure Characterization written by Richard A Pethrick and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2015-10-20 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The different physical properties displayed by low molar mass organic materials and polymers are a result of their molecular organisation. In order to understand the structure – property relationship of a material it is necessary to first look at the interactions at a molecular level. This new edition of Polymer Structure Characterization provides readers with the background needed to understand the factors that influence molecular organization and how this affects the morphology and bulk physical properties of a material. In order to introduce the concepts, the book first looks at small molecular systems and builds up to complex macromolecular systems. The second edition has been fully revised and updated to include new examples and references. Topics covered include: organic crystals, liquid crystals, plastic crystals, polymer crystal growth, amorphous glassy materials, polymer surfaces and interfaces, colloids and molecular organization in liquids as well as two new chapters on self-assembly and biopolymer systems. The book is intended to provide complimentary material for a range of undergraduate and postgraduate courses in materials science, molecular chemistry and chemical physics. In addition to polymer and material scientists, the book would also be of interest to chemists and physicists studying the properties of organic materials.
Book Synopsis Polymer Surface Characterization by : Luigia Sabbatini
Download or read book Polymer Surface Characterization written by Luigia Sabbatini and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-01-19 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully updated edition provides a broad approach to the surface analysis of polymers being of high technological interest. Modern analytical techniques, potential applications and recent advances in instrumental apparatus are discussed. The self-consistent chapters are devoted to spectroscopic and microscopic techniques which represent powerful tools for the characterization of morphology and chemical, physical, mechanical properties of polymer surfaces, interfaces, and thin fi lms. Selection of techniques which can properly address very shallow depth of surfaces, spanning from few angstroms to tens of nanometers Interaction of polymer surfaces with their surroundings is pointed out as a critical issue for specifi c applications
Book Synopsis Polymer Structure Characterization by : Richard Arthur Pethrick
Download or read book Polymer Structure Characterization written by Richard Arthur Pethrick and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together, in a logical fashion, the way in which molecular interactions lead to the observedmorphologies in crystalline organic materials and polymers. It is arranged into self contained chapters on various aspects of materials science and includes discussions of topics such as crystal growth, polymer morphology, amorphous glassy materials, polymer phase separation and structure and organisation in materials. The main feature of this title is that, within a single volume, a range of topics is covered which normally would only be found in a number of separate volumes. It is aimed at polymer - materials scientists but will also be of interest to chemists and physics students interested in the properties of organic materials.
Book Synopsis Spectroscopic Techniques for Polymer Characterization by : Yukihiro Ozaki
Download or read book Spectroscopic Techniques for Polymer Characterization written by Yukihiro Ozaki and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-03-14 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An insightful exploration of cutting-edge spectroscopic techniques in polymer characterization In Spectroscopic Techniques for Polymer Characterization: Methods, Instrumentation, Applications, a team of distinguished chemists delivers a comprehensive exploration of the vast potential of spectroscopic characterization techniques in polymer research. The book offers a concise outline of the principles, advantages, instrumentation, experimental techniques, and noteworthy applications of cutting-edge spectroscopy. Covering a wide range of polymers, from nylon to complex polymeric nanocomposites, the author presents recent developments in polymer science to polymer, analytical, and material chemists, assisting them in keeping track of the progress in modern spectroscopy. Spectroscopic Techniques for Polymer Characterization contains contributions from pioneers in modern spectroscopic techniques from around the world. The included materials bridge the gap between spectroscopists, polymer scientists, and engineers in academia and industry. The book also offers: A thorough introduction to the progress in spectroscopic techniques, including polymer spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy Comprehensive explorations of topical polymers studied by spectroscopy, including polymer thin films, fluoropolymers, polymer solutions, conductive polymers Practical discussions of infrared imaging, near-infrared imaging, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy, and far-ultraviolet spectroscopy In-depth examinations of spectroscopic studies of weak hydrogen bonding in polymers Spectroscopic Techniques for Polymer Characterization: Methods, Instrumentation, Applications is a must-read reference for polymer, analytical, and physical chemists, as well as materials scientists and spectroscopists seeking a one-stop resource for polymer characterization using spectroscopic analyses.
Book Synopsis Polymer Characterization by : Dan Campbell
Download or read book Polymer Characterization written by Dan Campbell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-21 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discerning the properties of polymers and polymer-based materials requires a good understanding of characterization. This revised and updated text provides a comprehensive survey of characterization methods within its simple, concise chapters. Polymer Characterization: Physical Techniques, provides an overview of a wide variety of characterization methods, which makes it an excellent textbook and reference. It starts with a description of basic polymer science, providing a solid foundation from which to understand the key physical characterization techniques. The authors explain physical principles without heavy theory and give special emphasis to the application of the techniques to polymers, with plenty of illustrations. Topics covered include molecular weight determination, molecular and structural characterization by spectroscopic techniques, morphology and structural characterization by microscopy and diffraction, and thermal analysis. This edition contains a new chapter on surface analysis as well as some revised problems and solutions. The concise treatment of each topic offers even those with little prior knowledge of the subject an accessible source to relevant, simple descriptions in a well-organized format.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Diffusion Processes in Thin Polymer Films Via Optical Waveguide Techniques by :
Download or read book Characterization of Diffusion Processes in Thin Polymer Films Via Optical Waveguide Techniques written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thin Films: Preparation, Characterization, Applications by : Manuel P. Soriaga
Download or read book Thin Films: Preparation, Characterization, Applications written by Manuel P. Soriaga and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-09-30 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about thin films; what they are, how they are prepared, how they are characterized, and what they are used for. The contents of this book not only showcase the diversity of thin films, but also reveals the commonality among the work performed in a variety of areas. The chapters in this volume are based on invited papers presented by prominent researchers in the field at a Symposium on "Thin Films: Preparation, Characterization, Applications" at the 221st National Meeting of the American Chemical Society held in San Diego, California. The coverage of the symposium was extensive; topics ranged from highly-ordered metal adlayers on well-defined electrode surfaces to bio-organic films on non-metallic nanoparticles. An objective of this book is for the readers to be able to draw from the experience and results of others in order to improve and expand the understanding of the science and technology of their own thin films systems.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Diffusion Processes in Thin Polymer Films Via Optical Waveguide Techniques by : Nicholas Francis Fell
Download or read book Characterization of Diffusion Processes in Thin Polymer Films Via Optical Waveguide Techniques written by Nicholas Francis Fell and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High-Performance Polymer... by : Guy Rabilloud
Download or read book High-Performance Polymer... written by Guy Rabilloud and published by Editions OPHRYS. This book was released on with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Characterization and Analysis of Polymers by : Wiley
Download or read book Characterization and Analysis of Polymers written by Wiley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-08 with total page 987 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on Wiley's renowned Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology, this book provides coverage of key methods of characterization of the physical and chemical properties of polymers, including atomic force microscopy, chromatographic methods, laser light scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, and thermal analysis, among others. Written by prominent scholars from around the world, this reference presents over twenty-five self -contained articles on the most used analytical techniques currently practiced in polymer science.
Book Synopsis Optics of Conducting Polymer Thin Films and Nanostructures by : Shangzhi Chen
Download or read book Optics of Conducting Polymer Thin Films and Nanostructures written by Shangzhi Chen and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-19 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intrinsically conducting polymers forms a category of doped conjugated polymers that can conduct electricity. Since their discovery in the late 1970s, they have been widely applied in many fields, ranging from optoelectronic devices to biosensors. The most common type of conducting polymers is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), or PEDOT. PEDOT has been popularly used as electrodes for solar cells or light-emitting diodes, as channels for organic electrochemical transistors, and as p-type legs for organic thermoelectric generators. Although many studies have been dedicated to PEDOT-based materials, there has been a lack of a unified model to describe their optical properties across different spectral ranges. In addition, the interesting optical properties of PEDOT-based materials, benefiting from its semi-metallic character, have only been rarely studied and utilized, and could potentially enable new applications. Plasmonics is a research field focusing on interactions between light and metals, such as the noble metals (gold and silver). It has enabled various opportunities in fundamental photonics as well as practical applications, varying from biosensors to colour displays. This thesis explores highly conducting polymers as alternatives to noble metals and as a new type of active plasmonic materials. Despite high degrees of microstructural disorder, conducting polymers can possess electrical conductivity approaching that of poor metals, with particularly high conductivity for PEDOT deposited via vapour phase polymerization (VPP). In this thesis, we systematically studied the optical and structural properties of VPP PEDOT thin films and their nanostructures for plasmonics and other optical applications. We employed ultra-wide spectral range ellipsometry to characterize thin VPP PEDOT films and proposed an anisotropic Drude-Lorentz model to describe their optical conductivity, covering the ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and terahertz ranges. Based on this model, PEDOT doped with tosylate (PEDOT:Tos) presented negative real permittivity in the near infrared range. While this indicated optical metallic character, the material also showed comparably large imaginary permittivity and associated losses. To better understand the VPP process, we carefully examined films with a collection of microstructural and spectroscopic characterization methods and found a vertical layer stratification in these polymer films. We unveiled the cause as related to unbalanced transport of polymerization precursors. By selection of suitable counterions, e.g., trifluoromethane sulfonate (OTf), and optimization of reaction conditions, we were able to obtain PEDOT films with electrical conductivity exceeding 5000 S/cm. In the near infrared range from 1 to 5 µm, these PEDOT:OTf films provided a well-defined plasmonic regime, characterized by negative real permittivity and lower magnitude imaginary component. Using a colloidal lithography-based approach, we managed to fabricate nanodisks of PEDOT:OTf and showed that they exhibited clear plasmonic absorption features. The experimental results matched theoretical calculations and numerical simulations. Benefiting from their mixed ionic-electronic conducting characters, such organic plasmonic materials possess redox-tunable properties that make them promising as tuneable optical nanoantennas for spatiotemporally dynamic systems. Finally, we presented a low-cost and efficient method to create structural colour surfaces and images based on UV-treated PEDOT films on metallic mirrors. The concept generates beautiful and vivid colours through-out the visible range utilizing a synergistic effect of simultaneously modulating polymer absorption and film thickness. The simplicity of the device structure, facile fabrication process, and tunability make this proof-of-concept device a potential candidate for future low-cost backlight-free displays and labels.
Book Synopsis Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces by : Manfred Stamm
Download or read book Polymer Surfaces and Interfaces written by Manfred Stamm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-26 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In what is an extremely practical and applicable new work, experts provide concise explanations, with examples and illustrations, of the key techniques in this important field. In each case, after basic principles have been reviewed, applications of the experimental techniques are discussed and illustrated with specific examples. Scientists and engineers in research and development will benefit from an application-oriented book that helps them to find solutions to both fundamental and applied problems. They will know that the surfaces and interfaces of polymers play an important role in most of the application areas of polymers, from moulds, foils, and composites, to biomaterials and applications in micro- and nanotechnology.
Download or read book Polyimides written by Malay Ghosh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-07-23 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides coverage on the full range of topics associated with polyimides, including structure, polymer fundamentals, and product areas. The text addresses both basic and applied aspects of the subject. It details the synthesis of polyimides, polyamideimides, and flourinated polyimides, explains the molecular design of photosensitive polyimides, and more.
Book Synopsis ULTRA-THIN POLYMER FILMS AND HIERARCHICAL COMPOSITES by : Yujie Liu
Download or read book ULTRA-THIN POLYMER FILMS AND HIERARCHICAL COMPOSITES written by Yujie Liu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Properties and fabrications of ultra-thin polymer films and hierarchical composites are of great interest in packaging, electronics, separations, and other manufacturing fields. However, due to the inherently fragile nature of ultra-thin polymer films, measuring their properties has proven difficult. Additionally, variables controlling thin polymer patterns (e.g. substrate wetting property) and composites (weight percent of particulates in matrix) formation have not been fundamentally well understood. Within this spectrum, fundamental understanding of formation mechanisms of these patterns and composites are needed. Additionally, a new characterization technique is required to be able to measure the mechanical properties of fabricated composites and thin films. The pattern (Chapter 2) and composite (Chapter 3) formation presented in this thesis is based upon flexible blade flow-coating, an evaporative self-assembly method. The impact of substrate wetting, varying from being hydrophobic (water advancing contact angle 113°) to hydrophilic (water advancing contact angle 27°), on polymer pattern formation is examined here (Chapter 2). We observe a variety of polystyrene structures including dots, hyper-branched patterns, stripes and lines that can be deposited on substrates with a range of wetting properties. We propose the mechanism for these pattern formations as a balance between Marangoni instability and solute absorption. When adding quantum dot nanoparticles into the polymer (poly(methyl methacrylate) solution in the flow-coating process on hydrophilic substrates, we could obtain free-standing hierarchical nanocomposite films with alternating line and film structures (Chapter 3). The ability to guide assemblies of nanoparticles and polymers in designated areas in one step via flow-coating, provides new understanding of the flow competition of mixing two components which are both on the nanometer scale. Additionally, we introduce a method designated for ultra-thin film tensile testing (Chapter 4). We demonstrate the capability of this method by stretching two-dimensionally macroscopic, yet nanoscopically thin, polymer films on the surface of water. Through laser tracking of the force and displacement on the film, we characterize the full stress-strain response of brittle (polystyrene), ductile (polycarbonate), and rubbery (cross-linked polydimethylsiloxane) polymer thin films. In the brittle (polystyrene) films, we observe a precipitous decrease in mechanical properties (Young's modulus, strain at failure, and nominal stress at failure) for film thicknesses approaching the size of an individual polymer chain (~ 25 nm) yielding insights into polymer chain entanglement theory. To verify our hypothesis in polymer chain entanglement theory for determining failure properties of thin polymer films, we further study the molecular weight effect (853, 490, 137 and 61.8 kg/mol) of polystyrene on failure properties (Chapter 5). We compare maximum tensile strain, maximum tensile stress, and modulus respectively as a function of molecular weight as well as film thickness. We support our hypothesis on polymer inter-chain entanglements theory in thin polymer films by this molecular weight study. This thesis provides direct measurements of failure properties of ultra-thin films. These findings have important implications for the design of materials used in wide range of applications, as well as for the pursuit of new fundamental understanding of polymer physics in confined states.
