Neuron-Glia Interactions and Nervous System Homeostasis

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuron-Glia Interactions and Nervous System Homeostasis by : Edward M. Lieberman

Download or read book Neuron-Glia Interactions and Nervous System Homeostasis written by Edward M. Lieberman and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research program was and continues to be directed to the functional interactions between nerve fibers and their satellite glial cell investment. The long term aim is to determine the role of the glial cell in maintenance of the ionic homeostasis of the perineural environment during resting and active neuron states, the mechanisms which glial cells and neurons use to modulate each others metabolic state and the chemical, electrical and neurohumoral communication links that exist between the axon (neuron) and its associated glial (Schwann) cells. The nervous system of the freshwater crayfish, Procambarus clarkii was the preparation of choice for most of the studies the axon has been well characterized electrically and metabolically by a number of investigators including the P.I. The glial cell investment of the crayfish medial giant axon has been partially characterized by this investigator. At the time this research program was started the crayfish was only one of two such axon-Schwann cell preparations characterized for this work. The other being a tropical squid axon Schwann cell preparation not available in this country. In latter phases of this research program the emphasis, as originally planned, was shifted to the development of a mammalian cell culture model for axon-Schwann cell interaction studies for the purpose of determining the generality of our findings in the invertebrate systems. (kt).

Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118402057
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (184 download)

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Book Synopsis Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology by : Alexei Verkhratsky

Download or read book Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology written by Alexei Verkhratsky and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-31 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glial Physiology and Pathophysiology provides a comprehensive, advanced text on the biology and pathology of glial cells. Coverae includes: the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous systems the cellular physiology of the different kinds of glial cells the mechanisms of intra- and inter-cellular signalling in glial networks the mechanisms of glial-neuronal communications the role of glial cells in synaptic plasticity, neuronal survival and development of nervous system the cellular and molecular mechanisms of metabolic neuronal-glial interactions the role of glia in nervous system pathology, including pathology of glial cells and associated diseases - for example, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's, Alexander disease and Parkinson's Neuroglia oversee the birth and development of neurones, the establishment of interneuronal connections (the 'connectome'), the maintenance and removal of these inter-neuronal connections, writing of the nervous system components, adult neurogenesis, the energetics of nervous tissue, metabolism of neurotransmitters, regulation of ion composition of the interstitial space and many, many more homeostatic functions. This book primes the reader towards the notion that nervous tissue is not divided into more important and less important cells. The nervous tissue functions because of the coherent and concerted action of many different cell types, each contributing to an ultimate output. This reaches its zenith in humans, with the creation of thoughts, underlying acquisition of knowledge, its analysis and synthesis, and contemplating the Universe and our place in it. An up-to-date and fully referenced text on the most numerous cells in the human brain Detailed coverage of the morphology and interrelationships between glial cells and neurones in different parts of the nervous system Describes the role og glial cells in neuropathology Focus boxes highlight key points and summarise important facts Companion website with downloadable figures and slides

The Neuronal Environment

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1592591086
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Neuronal Environment by : Wolfgang Walz

Download or read book The Neuronal Environment written by Wolfgang Walz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-12-26 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading neuroscience researchers offer a fresh perspective on neuronal function by examining all its many components-including their pertubation during major disease states-and relate each element to neuronal demands. Topics range from the dependency of neurons on metabolic supply, as well as on both ion and transmitter homeostasis, to their close interaction with the myelin sheath. Also addressed are the astrocytic signaling system that controls synaptic transmission, the extracellular matrix and space as communication systems, the role of blood flow regulation in neuronal demand and in blood-brain barrier function, and inflammation and the neuroimmune system. Insightful and integrative, The Neuronal Environment: Brain Homeostasis in Health and Disease demonstrates a clear new understanding that neurons do not work in isolation, that they need constant interactions with other brain components to process information, and that they are not the only information processing system in the brain.

Enteric Glia

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Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615046615
Total Pages : 72 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Enteric Glia by : Brian D. Gulbransen

Download or read book Enteric Glia written by Brian D. Gulbransen and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex neural network embedded in the gut wall that orchestrates the reflex behaviors of the intestine. The ENS is often referred to as the “little brain” in the gut because the ENS is more similar in size, complexity and autonomy to the central nervous system (CNS) than other components of the autonomic nervous system. Like the brain, the ENS is composed of neurons that are surrounded by glial cells. Enteric glia are a unique type of peripheral glia that are similar to astrocytes of the CNS. Yet enteric glial cells also differ from astrocytes in many important ways. The roles of enteric glial cell populations in the gut are beginning to come to light and recent evidence implicates enteric glia in almost every aspect of gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. However, elucidating the exact mechanisms by which enteric glia influence gastrointestinal physiology and identifying how those roles are altered during gastrointestinal pathophysiology remain areas of intense research. The purpose of this e-book is to provide an introduction to enteric glial cells and to act as a resource for ongoing studies on this fascinating population of glia. Table of Contents: Introduction / A Historical Perspective on Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia: The Astroglia of the Gut / Molecular Composition of Enteric Glia / Development of Enteric Glia / Functional Roles of Enteric Glia / Enteric Glia and Disease Processes in the Gut / Concluding Remarks / References / Author Biography

Purinergic Signalling in Neuron-Glia Interactions

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470032235
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Purinergic Signalling in Neuron-Glia Interactions by : Derek J. Chadwick

Download or read book Purinergic Signalling in Neuron-Glia Interactions written by Derek J. Chadwick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-01 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ATP, the intracellular energy source, is also an extremely important cell–cell signalling molecule for a wide variety of cells across evolutionarily diverse organisms. The extracellular biochemistry of ATP and its derivatives is complex, and the multiple membrane receptors that it activates are linked to many intracellular signalling systems. Purinergic signalling affects a diverse range of cellular phenomena, including ion channel function, cytoskeletal dynamics, gene expression, secretion, cell proliferation, differentiation and cell death. Recently, this class of signalling molecules and receptors has been found to mediate communication between neurons and non-neuronal cells (glia) in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Glia are critical for normal brain function, development and response to injury. Neural impulse activity is detected by glia and purinergic signalling is emerging as a major means of integrating functional activity between neurons, glia and vascular cells in the nervous system. These interactions mediate effects of neural activity on the development of the nervous system and in association with injury, neurodegeneration, myelination and cancer. Bringing together contributions from experts in diverse fields, including glial biologists, neurobiologists and specialists in purinergic receptor structure and pharmacology, this book considers how extracellular ATP acts to integrate communication between different types of glia, and between neurons and glia. Beginning with an overview of glia and purinergic signalling, it contains detailed coverage of purine release, receptors and reagents, purinergic signalling in the neural control of glial development, glial involvement in information processing, and discussion of the interactions between neurons and microglia.

Glial Interfaces in the Nervous System

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Publisher : IOS Press
ISBN 13 : 9781586031992
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Glial Interfaces in the Nervous System by : Håkan Aldskogius

Download or read book Glial Interfaces in the Nervous System written by Håkan Aldskogius and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glial cells are commonly viewed as subordinate players to the functional requirements of neighbouring neurons - in normal as well as pathological conditions. These neuron-glial interactions are crucial for the development, maintenance, plasticity and repair of the nervous system. They are also dependent upon and/or influenced by interactions between glial cells themselves.

Iron Homeostasis in Neuron-Glia Interaction

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis Iron Homeostasis in Neuron-Glia Interaction by : Tina Kling

Download or read book Iron Homeostasis in Neuron-Glia Interaction written by Tina Kling and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One major function of glial cells is to support neurons and create an environment that allows fast signal propagation. However, when neurons are ensheathed, they also get isolated from the extracellular environment and can no longer take up factors required for growth and function. Hence, glial cells have to regulate the neurons' metabolic and trophic support. To identify candidate genes that are necessary for this support, we initiated a RNA interference screen in Drosophila peripheral nerves. In a screen for highly conserved molecules, we could successfully detect genes that are both requ...

Neuron—Glia Interrelations During Phylogeny

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Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781475759648
Total Pages : 516 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (596 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuron—Glia Interrelations During Phylogeny by : Antonia Vernadakis

Download or read book Neuron—Glia Interrelations During Phylogeny written by Antonia Vernadakis and published by Humana. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been established that neuroglia are involved in early neu­ ronal growth, differentiation, and migration; these issues are well discussed in the companion volume entitled Neuron-Glia Interrela­ tions During Phylogeny: I. Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Glial Cells. The present volume, Neuron-Glia Interrelations During Phylogeny: II. Plas­ ticity and Regeneration, focuses on two aspects: (1) neuron-glia inter­ relations as they relate to the physiological and metabolic homeostasis of neurons; and (2) the role of neuroglia and neuronal plasticity in regeneration and aging. Neuron-Glia Interrelations During Phylogeny: II. Plasticity and Regeneration begins with the unique presentation, "Neuron-Glia In­ teractions in the Human Fetal Brain," by Sogos et al. The interesting issue discussed in this chapter is the immunocompetence of the CNS, a field that is now rising. The chapter by Oland et al. , "Glial Cells Playa Key Role in the Construction of Insect Olfactory Glomeruli," discusses a unique role of glial cells as intermediates in afferent­ axon induction of substructure with the CNS. The chapter by Vanhems, "Insect Glial Cells and Their Relationships with Neurons," compliments the information presented in the companion volume by Fredieu and Mahowald and, in this volume, the chapter by Tobert and Oland. The chapter by Tsacopoulos and Poitry, "Metabolite Exchanges and Signal Trafficking Between Glial Cells and Neurons in the Insect Retina," provides evidence of the nutritive functions of glial cells and the important role of alanine supplied by glial cells to photoreceptors, a clear neuron-glia interaction.

The Biology of Glial Cells: Recent Advances

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811683131
Total Pages : 763 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis The Biology of Glial Cells: Recent Advances by : Ishan Patro

Download or read book The Biology of Glial Cells: Recent Advances written by Ishan Patro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-04-09 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the role of glial cells (astrocytes, microglia, oligodendroglia, satellite cells, and Schwann cells) in neuronal health and diseases. It discusses the latest advances in understanding their origin, differentiation, and hemostasis. The book also examines the role of microglial cells in central nervous system (CNS) development, maintenance, and synaptic plasticity. Further, the book presents the functions of astrocytes in healthy CNS and their critical role in CNS disorders, including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Notably, the book describes the pathobiology, molecular pathogenesis, stem cells, and imaging characteristics of gliomas. It defines the role of glial cells in regulating iron homeostasis and their effect on the neurodegeneration of neurons. Lastly, it covers the structure, function, and pathology of oligodendrocytes and their role in neuronal health and disease. ​

Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123973481
Total Pages : 993 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS by :

Download or read book Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 1 offers 48 high level articles devoted mainly to patterning and cell type specification in the developing central and peripheral nervous systems. Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship Volume 1 sections include coverage of mechanisms which: control regional specification, regulate proliferation of neuronal progenitors and control differentiation and survival of specific neuronal subtypes, and controlling development of non-neural cells

The Role of Glia in Neurotoxicity, Second Edition

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849317941
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (179 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Glia in Neurotoxicity, Second Edition by : Michael Aschner

Download or read book The Role of Glia in Neurotoxicity, Second Edition written by Michael Aschner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-28 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the latest research in glial cell function gleaned from new techniques in imaging and molecular biology, The Role of Glia in Neurotoxicity, Second Edition covers multiple aspects of glial cells, including morphology, physiology, pharmacology, biochemistry, pathology, and their involvement in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases. The book is structured to examine the interactions between glial cells and neurons during development, adulthood, and senescence, followed by specific examples of directly mediated glial neurotoxicity. The book also covers miscellaneous topics in glial physiology/biochemistry such as signaling and edema. The book includes coverage of advances in our knowledge and understanding of glial physiology and biochemistry. Discover what's new in the Second Edition: Neuronal-glia metabolic interactions Neuronal-glia interactions (glutamate homeostasis) Zinc transporters in glia Energy deprivation/mitochondrial dysfunction - unique astrocyte susceptibilities Astrocytes and MPTP neurotoxicity Astroglia and food toxins Current understanding of the importance of glia has caused a boom in published information. Yet while many of the published textbooks are multifaceted and multidisciplinary, none includes the role of glia in neurotoxicity. Written by leaders in the field of glial research, this text fills this missing gap in the literature. Broader in scope than the first edition, including contributions from internationally known researchers, this is still the only book dedicated to exploring the role of glial cells in mediating neurotoxicology. Features Summarizes the latest research in glial cell function gleaned from new techniques in imaging and molecular biology Contains tables and figures that give you quick and easy access to precise data Includes a contemporary summary of literature that puts information useful for grant submissions at your fingertips Features new chapters covering metabolic interactions, glutamate homeostasis, transporters, energy deprivation/mitochondrial dysfunction, astrocytes, and food toxins Explores the role of glial cells in mediating neurotoxicity and incorporates information on specific effects of many compounds

Brain Neurotrauma

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466565993
Total Pages : 718 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain Neurotrauma by : Firas H. Kobeissy

Download or read book Brain Neurotrauma written by Firas H. Kobeissy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-02-25 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the contribution from more than one hundred CNS neurotrauma experts, this book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma including biomarker studies, experimental models, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic intervention strategies in brain injury research. It discusses neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, and neurocognitive and neurobehavioral deficits. Also included are medical interventions and recent neurotherapeutics used in the area of brain injury that have been translated to the area of rehabilitation research. In addition, a section is devoted to models of milder CNS injury, including sports injuries.

The Functional Roles of Glial Cells in Health and Disease

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9781461371212
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (712 download)

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Book Synopsis The Functional Roles of Glial Cells in Health and Disease by : Rebecca Matsas

Download or read book The Functional Roles of Glial Cells in Health and Disease written by Rebecca Matsas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-10-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirty-five years ago, when Stephen Kuffler and his colleagues at Harvard initiated a new era of research on the properties and functions of neuroglial cells, very few neuro scientists were impressed at the time with the hypothesis that neuroglial cells could have another, though more subtle, role to play in the nervous system than to provide static support to neurons. Today, very few neuroscientists are unaware of the fact that multiple interactions between neurons and glial cells have been described, and that they consti tute the basis for understanding the function and the pathology of the nervous system. Glial cells outnumber neurons and make up about one-half of the bulk of the nervous system. They are divided into two major classes: first, the macroglia, which include astrocytes and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, and the Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system; and second, the microglial cells. These different classes of glial cells have different functions and contribute in different ways in the devel opment, function, and the pathology of the nervous system.

Anatomy and Physiology

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781947172807
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (728 download)

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Book Synopsis Anatomy and Physiology by : J. Gordon Betts

Download or read book Anatomy and Physiology written by J. Gordon Betts and published by . This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Noradrenergic Signaling and Astroglia

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128134267
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Noradrenergic Signaling and Astroglia by : Nina Vardjan

Download or read book Noradrenergic Signaling and Astroglia written by Nina Vardjan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noradrenergic Signaling and Astroglia integrates what is known about the active role of astroglia in the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system and outlines the most recent advances in the field. It discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying norepinephrine-induced receptor activation in astroglia, cellular metabolism and CNS energy provision, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models, gliosignalling and neuronal activity, and astroglial networks, gap junctions, and morphological plasticity. The book also addresses the role of astroglial adrenergic receptor activation in memory formation, cognition, regulation of sleep homeostasis, and lastly in neurological disorders, including trauma (cellular edema), neurodegeneration (Alzheimer’s disease), and neuroinflammation (multiple sclerosis). Noradrenergic Signaling and Astroglia is a valuable source of new knowledge for a wide audience, including graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, and researchers in neuroscience, life sciences, and the biological and biomedical sciences. Covers what is currently known about the role of astroglia in the noradrenergic system Provides biochemical and physiological mechanistic data to understand how noradrenergic signals acting on astroglia produce observed effects Includes figures and tables of structures, mechanisms and processes related to astroglia and noradrenergic signaling in CNS

Astrocytes in (Patho)Physiology of the Nervous System

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387794921
Total Pages : 701 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Astrocytes in (Patho)Physiology of the Nervous System by : Vladimir Parpura

Download or read book Astrocytes in (Patho)Physiology of the Nervous System written by Vladimir Parpura and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-11 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astrocytes were the original neuroglia that Ramón y Cajal visualized in 1913 using a gold sublimate stain. This stain targeted intermediate filaments that we now know consist mainly of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a protein used today as an astrocytic marker. Cajal described the morphological diversity of these cells with some ast- cytes surrounding neurons, while the others are intimately associated with vasculature. We start the book by discussing the heterogeneity of astrocytes using contemporary tools and by calling into question the assumption by classical neuroscience that neurons and glia are derived from distinct pools of progenitor cells. Astrocytes have long been neglected as active participants in intercellular communication and information processing in the central nervous system, in part due to their lack of electrical excitability. The follow up chapters review the “nuts and bolts” of ast- cytic physiology; astrocytes possess a diverse assortment of ion channels, neu- transmitter receptors, and transport mechanisms that enable the astrocytes to respond to many of the same signals that act on neurons. Since astrocytes can detect chemical transmitters that are released from neurons and can release their own extracellular signals there is an increasing awareness that they play physiological roles in regulating neuronal activity and synaptic transmission. In addition to these physiological roles, it is becoming increasingly recognized that astrocytes play critical roles during pathophysiological states of the nervous system; these states include gliomas, Alexander disease, and epilepsy to mention a few.

Anatomy & Physiology

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781955101158
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Anatomy & Physiology by : Lindsay Biga

Download or read book Anatomy & Physiology written by Lindsay Biga and published by . This book was released on 2019-09-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A version of the OpenStax text