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Neural Mechanisms Of Cognitive Control Of Motivated Behavior
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Book Synopsis Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Control of Motivated Behavior by : Felix Michael Brandl
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Control of Motivated Behavior written by Felix Michael Brandl and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Motivation and Cognitive Control by : Todd S. Braver
Download or read book Motivation and Cognitive Control written by Todd S. Braver and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Individuals do not always perform to their full capability on cognitive tasks. When this occurs, the usual explanation is that the individual was not properly motivated. But this begs the important question: How and why does motivation interact with and influence cognitive processing and the control processes that regulate it? What are the underlying mechanisms that govern such interactions? Motivation has been an important component of psychology and neuroscience throughout the history of the field, but has recently been rejuvenated by rapidly accelerating research interest in the nature of motivation-cognition interactions, particularly as they impact control processes and goal-directed behavior. This volume provides an up-to-date snapshot of the state of research in this exciting, expanding area. The contributors to the volume are internationally-renowned researchers that lead the field in conducting groundbreaking studies. Moreover, they represent a variety of research perspectives and traditions: cognitive psychology and neuroscience, animal learning, social, affective, and personality psychology, and development, lifespan, and aging studies. This book summarizes our current state of understanding of the relationship between motivation and cognitive control, and serves as an essential reference for both students and researchers.
Book Synopsis The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Control by : Tobias Egner
Download or read book The Wiley Handbook of Cognitive Control written by Tobias Egner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 629 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering basic theory, new research, and intersections with adjacent fields, this is the first comprehensive reference work on cognitive control – our ability to use internal goals to guide thought and behavior. Draws together expert perspectives from a range of disciplines, including cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, neuroscience, cognitive science, and neurology Covers behavioral phenomena of cognitive control, neuroanatomical and computational models of frontal lobe function, and the interface between cognitive control and other mental processes Explores the ways in which cognitive control research can inform and enhance our understanding of brain development and neurological and psychiatric conditions
Book Synopsis Behavioral Neuroscience of Motivation by : Eleanor H. Simpson
Download or read book Behavioral Neuroscience of Motivation written by Eleanor H. Simpson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the current status of research in the neurobiology of motivated behaviors in humans and other animals in healthy condition. This includes consideration of the psychological processes that drive motivated behavior and the anatomical, electrophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms which drive these processes and regulate behavioural output. The volume also includes chapters on pathological disturbances in motivation including apathy, or motivational deficit as well as addictions, the pathological misdirection of motivated behavior. As with the chapters on healthy motivational processes, the chapters on disease provide a comprehensive up to date review of the neurobiological abnormalities that underlie motivation, as determined by studies of patient populations as well as animal models of disease. The book closes with a section on recent developments in treatments for motivational disorders.
Book Synopsis Recent Developments in Neuroscience Research on Human Motivation by : Sung-il Kim
Download or read book Recent Developments in Neuroscience Research on Human Motivation written by Sung-il Kim and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2016-12-13 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides new insight into motivation theory by integrating noteworthy neuroscience research findings on motivation. This volume is dedicated to advancing our understanding of brain mechanisms of underlying motivational phenomena, including reward, approach, autonomy, intrinsic motivation, learning, effort, curiosity, and self-control.
Book Synopsis Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Control and Emotion in Birds by : Andras Csillag
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Control and Emotion in Birds written by Andras Csillag and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-14 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Active Inference written by Thomas Parr and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive treatment of active inference, an integrative perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior used across multiple disciplines. Active inference is a way of understanding sentient behavior—a theory that characterizes perception, planning, and action in terms of probabilistic inference. Developed by theoretical neuroscientist Karl Friston over years of groundbreaking research, active inference provides an integrated perspective on brain, cognition, and behavior that is increasingly used across multiple disciplines including neuroscience, psychology, and philosophy. Active inference puts the action into perception. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of active inference, covering theory, applications, and cognitive domains. Active inference is a “first principles” approach to understanding behavior and the brain, framed in terms of a single imperative to minimize free energy. The book emphasizes the implications of the free energy principle for understanding how the brain works. It first introduces active inference both conceptually and formally, contextualizing it within current theories of cognition. It then provides specific examples of computational models that use active inference to explain such cognitive phenomena as perception, attention, memory, and planning.
Book Synopsis Neural Mechanisms of Motivational Incentive Integration and Cognitive Control by : Debbie Yee
Download or read book Neural Mechanisms of Motivational Incentive Integration and Cognitive Control written by Debbie Yee and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motivational incentives play a central role in human decision-making and the pursuit of behavioral and cognitive task goals [1,2]. Moreover, the ability to integrate diverse incentives to modulate goal pursuit is essential for healthy cognitive function. A potential mechanism of motivational influence may be via cognitive control, the set of processes that coordinate and regulate cognition and action based on currently maintained goals [3,4]. However, it is currently unknown whether and how different types of incentives are combined in the brain to modulate cognitive control, and how this putative integrated value signal influences goal-directed behavior. In the current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we utilized an innovative incentive integration task paradigm that establishes dissociable and additive effects of liquid (e.g., juice, neutral, saltwater) and monetary incentives on cognitive task performance, and applied innovative fMRI analysis approaches to elucidate the neural mechanisms that underlie the interaction between motivational and cognitive control process. First, we applied univariate parcel-based approaches to test whether a priori regions of interest (e.g., ventromedial prefrontal cortex, striatum, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex) represented the integrated value of the 'bundled incentives', and whether these regions were also associated with variability in cognitive task performance (Aim 1). Second, we applied representational similarity analysis - an innovative multivariate approach - to test whether and how the combined values from diverse motivational incentives are represented in the similarity of neural patterns in fMRI BOLD activity (Aim 2). Moreover, we aimed to examine whether such multivariate approaches were more sensitive to motivational incentive effects compared to univariate approaches, or alternatively provided complementary information to the univariate results in motivational incentive effects. This is the first study, to our knowledge, that investigates the neural mechanisms underlying whether and how value integration of primary/consummatory and secondary/abstract incentives in a cognitive control context guide goal-directed behavior. Importantly, these results provide critical knowledge into the basic neural mechanisms underlying interactions between motivational incentive integration and cognitive control, which can inform subsequent hypotheses about neuromodulatory influences (e.g., dopamine) in such interactions, as well as inform key predictions about targeted neural mechanisms in age-related changes in motivation-cognition interactions as well as maladaptive motivational processes in psychopathology (e.g., depression, addiction).
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Motivation and Learning by : K. Ann Renninger
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Motivation and Learning written by K. Ann Renninger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-14 with total page 1172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by leading researchers in educational and social psychology, learning science, and neuroscience, this edited volume is suitable for a wide-academic readership. It gives definitions of key terms related to motivation and learning alongside developed explanations of significant findings in the field. It also presents cohesive descriptions concerning how motivation relates to learning, and produces a novel and insightful combination of issues and findings from studies of motivation and/or learning across the authors' collective range of scientific fields. The authors provide a variety of perspectives on motivational constructs and their measurement, which can be used by multiple and distinct scientific communities, both basic and applied.
Book Synopsis Far Beyond Driven by : Anthony Landreth
Download or read book Far Beyond Driven written by Anthony Landreth and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a dissertation on motivation and what in the brain is responsible for it. In this dissertation, I argue that the mechanisms of motivational states are a specific sort of process in the brain: a model-driven reinforcement learning process. Motivational states, through instrumental action, enable us to deactivate them. Thus, motivation's mechanism is self-terminating. Motivational states direct thought and behavior. I pick out neural mechanisms of motivated thought by elaborating a theory of internal models developed by Rick Grush. Evidence from neuroscience suggests that motivation's directional capacity is dependent on reinforcement learning mechanisms in the brain that control phasic dopamine. I therefore attempt to show that mechanisms of reinforcement learning control internal models. Motivation also energizes behavior. In part, this function depends on motivation mechanisms taking control of sensorimotor systems. It would appear that tonic dopamine, whose production may depend on phasic dopamine, regulates our performance drive. But complete understanding of how motivation mechanisms can take control of sensorimotor (and cognitive resources), an explanation of how motivation mechanisms get turned on, compete, and coordinate with each other must be given. I argue that the turning on and off of motivation depends on internal time-keeping mechanisms, and that motivational states compete through motivation mechanisms' mutual-inhibition. Colloquially, we describe motivation with terms like desire and intention. In this dissertation, I show that theories of desire and intention can be unified with a theory of motivation mechanisms. Following Timothy Schroeder, I argue that reinforcement mechanisms in the brain are mechanisms of desire. Following Elisabeth Pacherie, I argue that the content of intentions depends on model-driven control. I conclude with a theory of pleasure, where I argue that the hedonic content of pleasant and unpleasant experiences depends on reward and punishment. I show how the valence of emotional feelings, being tinged with pleasant or unpleasant qualities, fits with this picture of pleasure. Then, I argue that pleasure can affect motivation in two respects: (1) as part of the normal operation of any particular motivational state, or (2) as part of the operation of a higher-order desire mechanism.
Book Synopsis From Attention to Goal-Directed Behavior by : Francisco Aboitiz
Download or read book From Attention to Goal-Directed Behavior written by Francisco Aboitiz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-21 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attention is a key psychological construct in the understanding of human cognition, and the target of enormous efforts to elucidate its physiological mechanisms, as the wealth of literature—both primary and secondary—attests (for recent compilations see Itti, Rees, & Tsotsos, 2005; Paletta & Rome, 2008; Posner, 2004). But in addition to asking what attention actually is, decomposing and analyzing its varieties, or delimiting its neurobiological mechanisms and effects, in this volume we want to explore attention somewhat differently. We believe that a full-fledged theory of attention must consider its workings in the context of motivated, goal-directed, and environmentally constrained organisms. That attention is related to goal-directed behavior is not news. What the contri- tions to this volume do suggest, however, is the existence of fundamental links between attention and two key processes that are crucial for adapted conduct: go- directed behavior and cognitive control. Importantly, they show that these relations can be explored at multiple levels, including neurodynamical, neurochemical, evo- tionary, and clinical aspects, and that in doing so multiple methodological challenges arise that are worth considering and pursuing. The reader will find here, therefore, a selection of contributions that range from basic mechanisms of attention at the n- ronal level to developmental aspects of cognitive control and its impairments. Another trend that will become evident is that, in different ways, the authors stress the need to understand these issues as they unfold in natural behavior (both healthy and pathological), thus arguing for a more ecological approach to these questions.
Book Synopsis Quantification of Brain Function Using PET by :
Download or read book Quantification of Brain Function Using PET written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-07-17 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional imaging of the brain is one of the most rapidly advancing areas of neuroscience and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) plays a major role in this progress. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current status of PET and state-of-the-art neuroimaging. It is comprised of summaries of the presentations by experts in the field. Topics covered include radiotracer selection, advances in instrumentation, image reconstruction and data analysis, and statistical mapping of brain activity. This book focuses on the accuracy of the functional image and the strategies for addressing clinical, scientific, and diagnostic questions. Covers the PET imaging process from tracer selection to analysis and interpretation Contains 79 concise reports with abundant illustrations The definitive state-of-the-art book for functional neuroscience with PET
Book Synopsis The Impact of Stress on Cognition and Motivation by : Pedro Morgado
Download or read book The Impact of Stress on Cognition and Motivation written by Pedro Morgado and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress has a broad impact on animals’ behavior, profoundly affects brain regions involved on cognition and motivation and, when maladaptive, is also a trigger for neuropsychiatric disorders. This book focuses on advances in understanding how stressful events impact cognition and motivation, and the neural mechanisms that mediate their effects. Additionally, this book seeks to highlight the most recent efforts to identify individual factors that can alter an organism’s response to stressful stimuli, and to describe pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that can mitigate the deleterious effects of stress on cognition and motivation.
Book Synopsis Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms of Social Motivation by : Katherine E. Powers
Download or read book Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms of Social Motivation written by Katherine E. Powers and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for social connection is a pervasive and powerful human drive. When this fundamental need is not fulfilled, people place greater emphasis on forming social bonds and are motivated to behave in ways consistent with accomplishing these social goals. The present thesis leverages knowledge of the specific cognitive and neural mechanisms involved in the processing of nonsocial rewards and related motivational behaviors to examine how social interactions may similarly be conceptualized as a class of rewards responsible for shaping instrumental learning and evoking approach behaviors. In nonsocial domains, the rewarding properties of stimuli are crucially involved in the development and implementation of goal-directed behaviors, and function to guide animals towards resources that can satisfy unmet needs. Previous research has identified a specific set of brain regions (i.e., the mesolimbic dopamine circuit including the ventral striatum) that are responsible for coding information about rewards and facilitating learned associations between cues and subsequent rewards. The experiments described here provide evidence that 1) the same neural mechanism that facilitates associative learning and reward detection in nonsocial domains similarly functions in the social domain, 2) activity in this neural system tracks the motivational relevance of social stimuli, and 3) these motivational influences bias the perception and interpretation of social cues. Taken together, these results suggest that the neural reward system is highly attuned to social context and functions to advantageously support social relations by translating the value of social cues into motivated action.
Download or read book On Task written by David Badre and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-22 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A look at the extraordinary ways the brain turns thoughts into actions—and how this shapes our everyday lives Why is it hard to text and drive at the same time? How do you resist eating that extra piece of cake? Why does staring at a tax form feel mentally exhausting? Why can your child expertly fix the computer and yet still forget to put on a coat? From making a cup of coffee to buying a house to changing the world around them, humans are uniquely able to execute necessary actions. How do we do it? Or in other words, how do our brains get things done? In On Task, cognitive neuroscientist David Badre presents the first authoritative introduction to the neuroscience of cognitive control—the remarkable ways that our brains devise sophisticated actions to achieve our goals. We barely notice this routine part of our lives. Yet, cognitive control, also known as executive function, is an astonishing phenomenon that has a profound impact on our well-being. Drawing on cutting-edge research, vivid clinical case studies, and examples from daily life, Badre sheds light on the evolution and inner workings of cognitive control. He examines issues from multitasking and willpower to habitual errors and bad decision making, as well as what happens as our brains develop in childhood and change as we age—and what happens when cognitive control breaks down. Ultimately, Badre shows that cognitive control affects just about everything we do. A revelatory look at how billions of neurons collectively translate abstract ideas into concrete plans, On Task offers an eye-opening investigation into the brain’s critical role in human behavior.
Book Synopsis Motivation, Emotion, and Goal Direction in Neural Networks by : Daniel S. Levine
Download or read book Motivation, Emotion, and Goal Direction in Neural Networks written by Daniel S. Levine and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-01-14 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The articles gathered in this volume represent examples of a unique approach to the study of mental phenomena: a blend of theory and experiment, informed not just by easily measurable laboratory data but also by human introspection. Subjects such as approach and avoidance, desire and fear, and novelty and habit are studied as natural events that may not exactly correspond to, but at least correlate with, some (known or unknown) electrical and chemical events in the brain.