Network Effects In Contagion Processes

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Network Effects in Contagion Processes

Author : Kimon Drakopoulos
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Network Effects in Contagion Processes by : Kimon Drakopoulos

Download or read book Network Effects in Contagion Processes written by Kimon Drakopoulos and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we study the problem of identifying network effects in contagion processes and present an application to the propagation of influenza in the United States. In particular, using data on the evolution of infections over time, the travel intensity between states as well as environmental conditions we first provide a framework to identify the true network effect of traveling between states. Any identification strategy in this context needs to handle the following challenges: the reflection problem and the time correlation problem. The reflection problem arises from the observation that when sampling from the contagion process is frequent (in our case, weekly), the (potential) endogenous network effect cannot be discriminated from the correlation effect (such as that due to similar environmental conditions). The time-correlation effect stems from the observation that contagion processes are naturally characterized by correlation across different lags. We propose an instrumental variable approach, based on a spatiotemporally lagged versions of the observed data, and we show that our approach effectively tackles the aforementioned issues both theoretically and through a series of robustness checks. Finally, we use our estimates to propose and evaluate the performance of intervention and control policies, illustrating the benefits of network-based interventions.

What Matters Most

Author : Virginie Masson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (752 download)

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Book Synopsis What Matters Most by : Virginie Masson

Download or read book What Matters Most written by Virginie Masson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We consider a finite population of agents and define a contagion process as the dynamics by which an action, which is initially played by only a small subset of agents, is adopted by the entire population. Each agent has a set of neighbors with whom he shares information and a set of partners with whom he plays a game. These two sets may or may not coincide. Each period, agents choose their actions based on what they observe from their neighbors, and get some payoff from playing a game with their partners. We show that contagion of an action that is risk dominant and efficient is obtained through partners when agents imitate-the-best, and through neighbors when agents use a myopic best response.

Analysis and Control of Contagion Processes on Networks

Author : Kimon Drakopoulos
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 141 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (964 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis and Control of Contagion Processes on Networks by : Kimon Drakopoulos

Download or read book Analysis and Control of Contagion Processes on Networks written by Kimon Drakopoulos and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We consider the propagation of a contagion process ("epidemic") on a network and study the problem of dynamically allocating a fixed curing budget to the nodes of the graph, at each time instant. We provide a dynamic policy for the rapid containment of a contagion process modeled as an SIS epidemic on a bounded degree undirected graph with n nodes. We show that if the budget r of curing resources available at each time is Q(W), where W is the CutWidth of the graph, and also of order [omega](log n), then the expected time until the extinction of the epidemic is of order O(n/r), which is within a constant factor from optimal, as well as sublinear in the number of nodes. Furthermore, if the CutWidth increases sublinearly with n, a sublinear expected time to extinction is possible with only a sublinearly increasing budget r. In contrast, we provide a lower bound on the expected time to extinction under any such dynamic allocation policy, for bounded degree graphs, in terms of a combinatorial quantity that we call the resistance of the set of initially infected nodes, the available budget, and the number of nodes n. Specifically, we consider the case of bounded degree graphs, with the resistance growing linearly in n. We show that if the curing budget is less than a certain multiple of the resistance, then the expected time to extinction grows exponentially with n. As a corollary, if all nodes are initially infected and the CutWidth of the graph grows linearly in n, while the curing budget is less than a certain multiple of the CutWidth, then the expected time to extinction grows exponentially in n. The combination of these two results establishes a fairly sharp phase transition on the expected time to extinction (sublinear versus exponential) based on the relation between the CutWidth and the curing budget. Finally, in the empirical part of the thesis, we analyze data on the evolution and propagation of influenza across the United States and discover that compartmental epidemic models enriched with environment dependent terms have fair prediction accuracy, and that the effect of inter-state traveling is negligible compared to the effect of intra-state contacts.

Complex Spreading Phenomena in Social Systems

Author : Sune Lehmann
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319773321
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Complex Spreading Phenomena in Social Systems by : Sune Lehmann

Download or read book Complex Spreading Phenomena in Social Systems written by Sune Lehmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is about spreading of information and influence in complex networks. Although previously considered similar and modeled in parallel approaches, there is now experimental evidence that epidemic and social spreading work in subtly different ways. While previously explored through modeling, there is currently an explosion of work on revealing the mechanisms underlying complex contagion based on big data and data-driven approaches. This volume consists of four parts. Part 1 is an Introduction, providing an accessible summary of the state of the art. Part 2 provides an overview of the central theoretical developments in the field. Part 3 describes the empirical work on observing spreading processes in real-world networks. Finally, Part 4 goes into detail with recent and exciting new developments: dedicated studies designed to measure specific aspects of the spreading processes, often using randomized control trials to isolate the network effect from confounders, such as homophily. Each contribution is authored by leading experts in the field. This volume, though based on technical selections of the most important results on complex spreading, remains quite accessible to the newly interested. The main benefit to the reader is that the topics are carefully structured to take the novice to the level of expert on the topic of social spreading processes. This book will be of great importance to a wide field: from researchers in physics, computer science, and sociology to professionals in public policy and public health.

Threshold Driven Contagion on Complex Networks

Author : Samuel Lee Unicomb
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Threshold Driven Contagion on Complex Networks by : Samuel Lee Unicomb

Download or read book Threshold Driven Contagion on Complex Networks written by Samuel Lee Unicomb and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Networks arise frequently in the study of complex systems, since interactions among the components of such systems are critical. Net- works can act as a substrate for dynamical process, such as the diffusion of information or disease throughout populations. Network structure can determine the temporal evolution of a dynamical process, including the characteristics of the steady state. The simplest representation of a complex system is an undirected, unweighted, single layer graph. In contrast, real systems exhibit heterogeneity of interaction strength and type. Such systems are frequently represented as weighted multiplex networks, and in this work we in- corporate these heterogeneities into a master equation formalism in order to study their effects on spreading processes. We also carry out simulations on synthetic and empirical networks, and show that spread- ing dynamics, in particular the speed at which contagion spreads via threshold mechanisms, depend non-trivially on these heterogeneities. Further, we show that an important family of networks undergo reentrant phase transitions in the size and frequency of global cascades as a result of these interactions. A challenging feature of real systems is their tendency to evolve over time, since the changing structure of the underlying network is critical to the behaviour of overlying dynamical processes. We show that one aspect of temporality, the observed “burstiness” in interaction patterns, leads to non-monotic changes in the spreading time of threshold driven contagion processes. The above results shed light on the effects of various network heterogeneities, with respect to dynamical processes that evolve on these networks.

The Effects of Information and Interactions on Contagion Processes

Author : Simon Angus
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (752 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Information and Interactions on Contagion Processes by : Simon Angus

Download or read book The Effects of Information and Interactions on Contagion Processes written by Simon Angus and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The network literature commonly neglects the importance of a clear distinction between interactions and information exchanges. Although convenient, this oversight is not innocuous and may lead to erroneous conclusions when looking at mechanisms such as contagion processes. We use simulation methods and conduct a systematic analysis of the implications of such omission. We show that the lack of distinction between information and interaction structures is not without consequences. More precisely, when agents use a myopic best response, only information exchanges matter and interactions can be ignored. With imitation however, both information and interactions play important yet different roles in contagion.

Connections

Author : Sanjeev Goyal
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 140082916X
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

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Book Synopsis Connections by : Sanjeev Goyal

Download or read book Connections written by Sanjeev Goyal and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-01-12 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Networks pervade social and economic life, and they play a prominent role in explaining a huge variety of social and economic phenomena. Standard economic theory did not give much credit to the role of networks until the early 1990s, but since then the study of the theory of networks has blossomed. At the heart of this research is the idea that the pattern of connections between individual rational agents shapes their actions and determines their rewards. The importance of connections has in turn motivated the study of the very processes by which networks are formed. In Connections, Sanjeev Goyal puts contemporary thinking about networks and economic activity into context. He develops a general framework within which this body of research can be located. In the first part of the book he demonstrates that location in a network has significant effects on individual rewards and that, given this, it is natural that individuals will seek to form connections to move the network in their favor. This idea motivates the second part of the book, which develops a general theory of network formation founded on individual incentives. Goyal assesses the robustness of current research findings and identifies the substantive open questions. Written in a style that combines simple examples with formal models and complete mathematical proofs, Connections is a concise and self-contained treatment of the economic theory of networks, one that should become the natural source of reference for graduate students in economics and related disciplines.

Did They Tell Their Friends? - Using Social Network Analysis to Detect Contagion Processes

Author : Christian Barrot
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Did They Tell Their Friends? - Using Social Network Analysis to Detect Contagion Processes by : Christian Barrot

Download or read book Did They Tell Their Friends? - Using Social Network Analysis to Detect Contagion Processes written by Christian Barrot and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social contagion processes such as word-of-mouth (WOM) are widely regarded as key success factors for innovation diffusion. Aspects of these processes have been thoroughly explored in empirical studies on the actor or dyad levels of analysis. While such studies offer valuable insight into the motivations and contents of WOM, they are not able to include social network structures in their analysis. Contagion processes, however, require an underlying social networks infrastructure to unfold their potential for innovation diffusion. Although marketing managers strongly believe in social contagion processes, and studies on both actor and dyad levels strongly suggest their existence, marketing scientists have been unable to find conclusive evidence of such effects in network-level studies, which are most appropriate for this purpose.To address this research gap, we propose a new approach for empirical research in this field: the quantitative determination of communication activity, reach, speed, and epidemicity of observed diffusion processes by using social network analysis. We apply this approach empirically by analyzing anonymized customer data from an innovative telecommunications provider. The resulting social network of adopters, consisting of 55,065 customers and 7.8 million individual phone calls, is analyzed and compared to simulated random networks of similar dimensions. We find strong support for significant social contagion influences on adoption decisions and an epidemic pattern of innovation diffusion.

How Behavior Spreads

Author : Damon Centola
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691202427
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

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Book Synopsis How Behavior Spreads by : Damon Centola

Download or read book How Behavior Spreads written by Damon Centola and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-24 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new, counterintuitive theory for how social networks influence the spread of behavior New social movements, technologies, and public-health initiatives often struggle to take off, yet many diseases disperse rapidly without issue. Can the lessons learned from the viral diffusion of diseases improve the spread of beneficial behaviors and innovations? How Behavior Spreads presents over a decade of original research examining how changes in societal behavior—in voting, health, technology, and finance—occur and the ways social networks can be used to influence how they propagate. Damon Centola's startling findings show that the same conditions that accelerate the viral expansion of an epidemic unexpectedly inhibit the spread of behaviors. How Behavior Spreads is a must-read for anyone interested in how the theory of social networks can transform our world.

Temporal Network Theory

Author : Petter Holme
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031303997
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (313 download)

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Book Synopsis Temporal Network Theory by : Petter Holme

Download or read book Temporal Network Theory written by Petter Holme and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-11-20 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the theoretical side of temporal network research and gives an overview of the state of the art in the field. Curated by two pioneers in the field who have helped to shape it, the book contains contributions from many leading researchers. Temporal networks fill the border area between network science and time-series analysis and are relevant for epidemic modeling, optimization of transportation and logistics, as well as understanding biological phenomena. Over the past 20 years, network theory has proven to be one of the most powerful tools for studying and analyzing complex systems. Temporal network theory is perhaps the most recent significant development in the field in recent years, with direct applications to many of the “big data” sets. This book appeals to students, researchers, and professionals interested in theory and temporal networks—a field that has grown tremendously over the last decade. This second edition of Temporal Network Theory extends the first with three chapters highlighting recent developments in the interface with machine learning.

Contagion and Ranking Processes in Complex Networks

Author : Qian Zhang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 159 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Contagion and Ranking Processes in Complex Networks by : Qian Zhang

Download or read book Contagion and Ranking Processes in Complex Networks written by Qian Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent global surge in the wide usage of pervasive technologies such as social media, smart phones and other GPS-enabled portable devices has provided abundant data resources to understand dynamical processes on complex networks in the real world. At the same time, the easily accessible bibliographic data and geographical databases allow better understanding of scholarly networks and in charting the creation of knowledge globally. Moreover, the availability of large-scale human communication datasets presents new opportunities to study information dissemination and measure social interactions in real social systems. In this dissertation we focus on contagion and ranking processes on complex networks and explore the significant role that geography and interaction strength play in these processes. First, we investigate geospatial and temporal features of a publication dataset. We characterize the knowledge diffusion pattern between worldwide urban areas and its temporal evolution, and identify the key cities in the scientific research in Physics with a newly formulated ranking algorithm. Second, we propose a computational framework to detect and predict seasonal flu epidemics with geolocalized Twitter data for the United States in season 2013-2014. In the early period of a flu season, tweets containing GPS location and information related with influenza-like illness (ILI) indicate the spatial distribution of possible initially infected individuals. With estimated initial infections from ILI-related tweets and the Global Epidemic and Mobility (GLEAM) model, we successfully predicted flu season starting time, peaking time and season intensity in real-time at both national and regional level. In the second part, we also explore the role interaction strength plays in contagion processes. For a human-to-human communication network, we develop a novel data-driven method to identify the importance of links in information cascading processes. This new link property characterizes the strength of ties and is able to capture both structural and diffusion roles of weak ties in the communication network. Through link removal percolation and data-driven SIR simulations, we show that the combined information of link importance and overlap provides the best way to identify weak links. Last but not least, we discover a phase transition between absorbing and active states of the classic Maki-Thompson rumor spreading model on random networks. The parameters of the contagion process as well as the network architecture determine whether the rumor will spread globally or whether it will be confined within a small neighborhood.

Social Networks and their Economics

Author : Daniel Birke
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111869967X
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Networks and their Economics by : Daniel Birke

Download or read book Social Networks and their Economics written by Daniel Birke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-07-24 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reveals how consumer choice can be better understood and influenced using social networks analysis (SNA) Intuitively, we all appreciate that we can be influenced by our friends and peers in what we do, how we behave, and what products we consume. Until recently, it has been difficult to measure this interdependence, mainly because data on social networks was difficult to collect and not readily available. More and more companies such as mobile phone carriers or social networking sites such as Facebook are collecting such data electronically. Daniel Birke illustrates in compelling real-world case studies how companies use social networks for marketing purposes and which statistical analysis and unique datasets can be used. Social Networks and their Economics: Explores network effects and the analysis of social networks, whilst providing an overview of the state-of-the art research. Looks at consumption interdependences between friends and peers: Who is influencing who through which channels and to what degree? Presents statistical methods and research techniques that can be used in the analysis of social networks. Examines SNA and its practical application for marketing purposes. Features a supporting website www.wiley.com/go/social_networks featuring SNA visualizations and business case studies. Aimed at post-graduate students involved in social network analysis, industrial economics, innovation and consumer marketing, this book offers a unique perspective from both an academic and practitioner point of view on how social networks can help understand and influence consumer behaviour. This book will prove to be a useful resource for marketing practitioners from companies where social network data is available and for consulting companies who advise businesses on marketing and social media related issues.

Propagation Phenomena in Real World Networks

Author : Dariusz Król
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331915916X
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Propagation Phenomena in Real World Networks by : Dariusz Król

Download or read book Propagation Phenomena in Real World Networks written by Dariusz Król and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-19 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Propagation, which looks at spreading in complex networks, can be seen from many viewpoints; it is undesirable, or desirable, controllable, the mechanisms generating that propagation can be the topic of interest, but in the end all depends on the setting. This book covers leading research on a wide spectrum of propagation phenomenon and the techniques currently used in its modelling, prediction, analysis and control. Fourteen papers range over topics including epidemic models, models for trust inference, coverage strategies for networks, vehicle flow propagation, bio-inspired routing algorithms, P2P botnet attacks and defences, fault propagation in gene-cellular networks, malware propagation for mobile networks, information propagation in crisis situations, financial contagion in interbank networks, and finally how to maximize the spread of influence in social networks. The compendium will be of interest to researchers, those working in social networking, communications and finance and is aimed at providing a base point for further studies on current research. Above all, by bringing together research from such diverse fields, the book seeks to cross-pollinate ideas, and give the reader a glimpse of the breath of current research.”

Evolution of Social Networks

Author : Patrick Doreian
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136647325
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (366 download)

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Book Synopsis Evolution of Social Networks by : Patrick Doreian

Download or read book Evolution of Social Networks written by Patrick Doreian and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-02-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book answers the question of whether we can apply evolutionary theories to our understanding of the development of social structures. Social networks have increasingly become the focus of many social scientists as a way of analyzing these social structures. While many powerful network analytic tools have been developed and applied to a wide range of empirical phenomena, understanding the evolution of social organization still requires theories and analyses of social network evolutionary processes. Researchers from a variety of disciplines have combined their efforts in what is an indication of some very promising future research and the work represented in this volume provides a basis for a sustained analysis of the evolution of social life.

Guide To Temporal Networks, A (Second Edition)

Author : Naoki Masuda
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 1786349175
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (863 download)

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Book Synopsis Guide To Temporal Networks, A (Second Edition) by : Naoki Masuda

Download or read book Guide To Temporal Networks, A (Second Edition) written by Naoki Masuda and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-10-05 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Network science offers a powerful language to represent and study complex systems composed of interacting elements — from the Internet to social and biological systems. A Guide to Temporal Networks presents recent theoretical and modelling progress in the emerging field of temporally varying networks and provides connections between the different areas of knowledge required to address this multi-disciplinary subject. After an introduction to key concepts on networks and stochastic dynamics, the authors guide the reader through a coherent selection of mathematical and computational tools for network dynamics. Perfect for students and professionals, this book is a gateway to an active field of research developing between the disciplines of applied mathematics, physics and computer science, with applications in others including social sciences, neuroscience and biology.This second edition extensively expands upon the coverage of the first edition as the authors expertly present recent theoretical and modelling progress in the emerging field of temporal networks, providing the keys to (and connections between) the different areas of knowledge required to address this multi-disciplinary problem.

Control and Spread of Contagion in Networks with Global Effects

Author : John Higgins
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Control and Spread of Contagion in Networks with Global Effects by : John Higgins

Download or read book Control and Spread of Contagion in Networks with Global Effects written by John Higgins and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Health Communication

Author : Phyllis Piotrow
Publisher : Praeger
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Health Communication by : Phyllis Piotrow

Download or read book Health Communication written by Phyllis Piotrow and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1997-10-16 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective communication is the key to encouraging healthy behavior. Documenting a revolution in both theory and practice, Johns Hopkins University experts show that communication leads the way to healthy reproductive health and family planning behavior. They explain why communication makes so much difference and how communication programs can be made to work. This book presents a compilation of lessons learned by the Johns Hopkins Center for Communication Programs and its partners over 15 years of developing and implementing family planning communication projects campaigns in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Near East. An introductory essay provides an overview of family planning and communication worldwide and outlines the role of theory-based communication programs. The main part of the book presents lessons learned in the field about the process of designing and carrying out family planning communication projects. More than 60 lessons are presented, with descriptions and analysis of projects illustrating each lesson. A final essay explores the current and future challenges confronting family planning educators and other public health communicators.