Nathan B Young And The Struggle Over Black Higher Education

Download Nathan B Young And The Struggle Over Black Higher Education full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Nathan B Young And The Struggle Over Black Higher Education ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Nathan B. Young and the Struggle Over Black Higher Education

Author : Antonio Frederick Holland
Publisher : University of Missouri Press
ISBN 13 : 0826265502
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (262 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nathan B. Young and the Struggle Over Black Higher Education by : Antonio Frederick Holland

Download or read book Nathan B. Young and the Struggle Over Black Higher Education written by Antonio Frederick Holland and published by University of Missouri Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the turn of the twentieth century, African Americans eager to improve their lives through higher education were confronted with the divergent points of view of two great leaders: Booker T. Washington advocated vocational training, while W. E. B. Du Bois stressed the importance of the liberal arts. Into the fray stepped Nathan B. Young, who, as Antonio Holland now tells, left a lasting mark on that debate. Born in slavery in Alabama, Young followed a love of learning to degrees from Talladega and Oberlin Colleges and a career in higher education. Employed by Booker T. Washington in 1892, he served at Tuskegee Institute until conflict with Washington's vocational orientation led him to move on. During a brief tenure at Georgia State Industrial College under Richard R. Wright, Sr., he became disillusioned by efforts of whites to limit black education to agriculture and the trades. Hired as president of Florida A&M in 1901, he fought for twenty years to balance agricultural/vocational education with the liberal arts, only to meet with opposition from state officials that led to his ouster. This principled educator finally found his place as president of Lincoln University in Missouri in 1923. Here Young made a determined effort to establish the school as a standard institution of higher learning. Holland describes how he campaigned successfully to raise academic standards and gain accreditation for Lincoln's programs-successes made possible by the political and economic support of farsighted members of Missouri's black community. Holland shows that the great debate over black higher education was carried on not only in the rhetoric of Washington and Du Bois but also on the campuses, as Young and others sought to prepare African American students to become thinkers and creators. In tracing Young's career, Holland presents a wealth of information on the nature of the education provided for former slaves and their descendents in four states-shedding new light on the educational environment at Oberlin and Tuskegee-and on the actions of racist white government officials to limit the curriculum of public education for blacks. Although Young's efforts to improve the schools he served were often thwarted, Holland shows that he kept his vision alive in the black community. Holland's meticulous reconstruction of an eventful career provides an important look at the forces that shaped and confounded the development of black higher education during traumatic times.

Race and Meaning

Author : Gary R. Kremer
Publisher : University of Missouri Press
ISBN 13 : 082627336X
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (262 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Race and Meaning by : Gary R. Kremer

Download or read book Race and Meaning written by Gary R. Kremer and published by University of Missouri Press. This book was released on 2014-12-21 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No one has written more about the African American experience in Missouri over the past four decades than Gary Kremer, and now for the first time fourteen of his best articles on the subject are available in one place with the publication of Race and Meaning: The African American Experience in Missouri. By placing the articles in chronological order of historical events rather than by publication date, Kremer combines them into one detailed account that addresses issues such as the transition from slavery to freedom for African Americans in Missouri, all-black rural communities, and the lives of African Americans seeking new opportunities in Missouri’s cities. In addition to his previously published articles, Kremer includes a personal introduction revealing how he first became interested in researching African American history and how his education at Lincoln University--and specifically the influence of his mentor, Lorenzo Greene--helped him to realize his eventual career path. Race and Meaning makes a collection of largely unheard stories spanning much of Missouri history accessible for the first time in one place, allowing each article to be read in the context of the others, and creating a whole that is much greater than the sum of its parts. Whether you are a student, researcher, or general reader, this book will be essential to anyone with an interest in Missouri history.

The Making of Florida’s Universities

Author : Carl Van Ness
Publisher : University Press of Florida
ISBN 13 : 0813070538
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Making of Florida’s Universities by : Carl Van Ness

Download or read book The Making of Florida’s Universities written by Carl Van Ness and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2023-08-08 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unique early path of public higher education in Florida In this book, Carl Van Ness describes the remarkable formative years of higher education in Florida, comparing the trajectory to that of other states and putting it in context within the broader history and culture of the South. Central to this story is the Buckman Act of 1905, a state law that consolidated government support to three institutions and prompted decades of conflicts over where Florida’s public colleges and universities would be located, who would head them, and who would manage their affairs. Van Ness traces the development of the schools that later became the University of Florida, Florida State University, and Florida A&M University. He describes little-known events such as the decision to move the University of Florida from its original location in Lake City, as well as a dramatic student rebellion at Florida A&M University in response to attempts to restrict Black students to vocational education and the subsequent firing of the president in 1923. The book also reflects on the debates regarding Florida’s normal schools, which provided coursework and practical training to teachers, a majority of whom were women. Utilizing rare historical records, Van Ness brings to light events in Florida’s history that have not been examined and that continue to affect higher education in the state today.

Lloyd Gaines and the Fight to End Segregation

Author : James W. Endersby
Publisher : University of Missouri Press
ISBN 13 : 0826273629
Total Pages : 394 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (262 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Lloyd Gaines and the Fight to End Segregation by : James W. Endersby

Download or read book Lloyd Gaines and the Fight to End Segregation written by James W. Endersby and published by University of Missouri Press. This book was released on 2016-12-31 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner, 2017 Missouri Conference on History Book Award In 1936, Lloyd Gaines’s application to the University of Missouri law school was denied based on his race. Gaines and the NAACP challenged the university’s decision. Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada (1938) was the first in a long line of decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court regarding race, higher education, and equal opportunity. The court case drew national headlines, and the NAACP moved Gaines to Chicago after he received death threats. Before he could attend law school, he vanished. This is the first book to focus entirely on the Gaines case and the vital role played by the NAACP and its lawyers—including Charles Houston, known as “the man who killed Jim Crow”—who advanced a concerted strategy to produce political change. Horner and Endersby also discuss the African American newspaper journalists and editors who mobilized popular support for the NAACP’s strategy. This book uncovers an important step toward the broad acceptance of racial segregation as inherently unequal. This is the inaugural volume in the series Studies in Constitutional Democracy, edited by Justin Dyer and Jeffrey Pasley of the Kinder Institute on Constitutional Democracy.

The Dred Scott Case

Author : David Thomas Konig
Publisher : Ohio University Press
ISBN 13 : 0821443283
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (214 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Dred Scott Case by : David Thomas Konig

Download or read book The Dred Scott Case written by David Thomas Konig and published by Ohio University Press. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1846 two slaves, Dred and Harriet Scott, filed petitions for their freedom in the Old Courthouse in St. Louis, Missouri. As the first true civil rights case decided by the U.S. Supreme Court, Dred Scott v. Sandford raised issues that have not been fully resolved despite three amendments to the Constitution and more than a century and a half of litigation. The Dred Scott Case: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Race and Law presents original research and the reflections of the nation’s leading scholars who gathered in St. Louis to mark the 150th anniversary of what was arguably the most infamous decision of the U.S. Supreme Court. The decision, which held that African Americans “had no rights” under the Constitution and that Congress had no authority to alter that, galvanized Americans and thrust the issue of race and law to the center of American politics. This collection of essays revisits the history of the case and its aftermath in American life and law. In a final section, the present-day justices of the Missouri Supreme Court offer their reflections on the process of judging and provide perspective on the misdeeds of their nineteenth-century predecessors who denied the Scotts their freedom. Contributors: Austin Allen, Adam Arenson, John Baugh, Hon. Duane Benton, Christopher Alan Bracey, Alfred L. Brophy, Paul Finkelman, Louis Gerteis, Mark Graber, Daniel W. Hamilton, Cecil J. Hunt II, David Thomas Konig, Leland Ware, Hon. Michael A. Wolff

Blood, Sweat, and Tears

Author : Derrick E. White
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469652455
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Blood, Sweat, and Tears by : Derrick E. White

Download or read book Blood, Sweat, and Tears written by Derrick E. White and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black college football began during the nadir of African American life after the Civil War. The first game occurred in 1892, a little less than four years before the Supreme Court ruled segregation legal in Plessy v. Ferguson. In spite of Jim Crow segregation, Black colleges produced some of the best football programs in the country. They mentored young men who became teachers, preachers, lawyers, and doctors--not to mention many other professions--and transformed Black communities. But when higher education was integrated, the programs faced existential challenges as predominately white institutions steadily set about recruiting their student athletes and hiring their coaches. Blood, Sweat, and Tears explores the legacy of Black college football, with Florida A&M's Jake Gaither as its central character, one of the most successful coaches in its history. A paradoxical figure, Gaither led one of the most respected Black college football programs, yet many questioned his loyalties during the height of the civil rights movement. Among the first broad-based histories of Black college athletics, Derrick E. White's sweeping story complicates the heroic narrative of integration and grapples with the complexities and contradictions of one of the most important sources of Black pride in the twentieth century.

Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: O-T

Author : Paul Finkelman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0195167791
Total Pages : 2637 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: O-T by : Paul Finkelman

Download or read book Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: O-T written by Paul Finkelman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 2637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alphabetically-arranged entries from O to T that explores significant events, major persons, organizations, and political and social movements in African-American history from 1896 to the twenty-first-century.

Between Washington and Du Bois

Author : Reginald K. Ellis
Publisher : University Press of Florida
ISBN 13 : 081306368X
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Between Washington and Du Bois by : Reginald K. Ellis

Download or read book Between Washington and Du Bois written by Reginald K. Ellis and published by University Press of Florida. This book was released on 2018-09-12 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Southern Conference on African American Studies Inc. C. Calvin Smith Book Award Between Washington and Du Bois describes the life and work of James Edward Shepard, the founder and president of the first state-supported black liberal arts college in the South. Arguing that black college presidents of the early twentieth century were not only academic pioneers but also race leaders, Reginald Ellis shows how Shepard played a vital role in the creation of a black professional class during the Jim Crow era.

Civil Wars, Civil Beings, and Civil Rights in Alabama's Black Belt

Author : Bertis D. English
Publisher : University Alabama Press
ISBN 13 : 0817320695
Total Pages : 592 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (173 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Civil Wars, Civil Beings, and Civil Rights in Alabama's Black Belt by : Bertis D. English

Download or read book Civil Wars, Civil Beings, and Civil Rights in Alabama's Black Belt written by Bertis D. English and published by University Alabama Press. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reconstruction politics and race relations between freed blacks and the white establishment in Perry County, Alabama In his fascinating, in-depth study, Bertis D. English analyzes why Perry County, situated in the heart of a violence-prone subregion of Alabama, enjoyed more peaceful race relations and less bloodshed than several neighboring counties. Choosing an atypical locality as central to his study, English raises questions about factors affecting ethnic disturbances in the Black Belt and elsewhere in Alabama. He also uses Perry County, which he deems an anomalous county, to caution against the tendency of some scholars to make sweeping generalizations about entire regions and subregions. English contends Perry County was a relatively tranquil place with a set of extremely influential African American businessmen, clergy, politicians, and other leaders during Reconstruction. Together with egalitarian or opportunistic white citizens, they headed a successful campaign for black agency and biracial cooperation that few counties in Alabama matched. English also illustrates how a significant number of educational institutions, a high density of African American residents, and an unusually organized and informed African American population were essential factors in forming Perry County’s character. He likewise traces the development of religion in Perry, the nineteenth-century Baptist capital of Alabama, and the emergence of civil rights in Perry, an underemphasized center of activism during the twentieth century. This well-researched and comprehensive volume illuminates Perry County’s history from the various perspectives of its black, interracial, and white inhabitants, amplifying their own voices in a novel way. The narrative includes rich personal details about ordinary and affluent people, both free and unfree, creating a distinctive resource that will be useful to scholars as well as a reference that will serve the needs of students and general readers.

Other People's Colleges

Author : Ethan W. Ris
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226820238
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Other People's Colleges by : Ethan W. Ris

Download or read book Other People's Colleges written by Ethan W. Ris and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-06-27 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An illuminating history of the reform agenda in higher education. For well over one hundred years, people have been attempting to make American colleges and universities more efficient and more accountable. Indeed, Ethan Ris argues in Other People’s Colleges, the reform impulse is baked into American higher education, the result of generations of elite reformers who have called for sweeping changes in the sector and raised existential questions about its sustainability. When that reform is beneficial, offering major rewards for minor changes, colleges and universities know how to assimilate it. When it is hostile, attacking autonomy or values, they know how to resist it. The result is a sector that has learned to accept top-down reform as part of its existence. In the early twentieth century, the “academic engineers,” a cadre of elite, external reformers from foundations, businesses, and government, worked to reshape and reorganize the vast base of the higher education pyramid. Their reform efforts were largely directed at the lower tiers of higher education, but those efforts fell short, despite the wealth and power of their backers, leaving a legacy of successful resistance that affects every college and university in the United States. Today, another coalition of business leaders, philanthropists, and politicians is again demanding efficiency, accountability, and utility from American higher education. But, as Ris argues, top-down design is not destiny. Drawing on extensive and original archival research, Other People’s Colleges offers an account of higher education that sheds light on today’s reform agenda.

The Blue Period

Author : Jesse McCarthy
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022683218X
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (268 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Blue Period by : Jesse McCarthy

Download or read book The Blue Period written by Jesse McCarthy and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2024-04-25 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses the political and aesthetic evolution of African American literature and its authors during the Cold War, an era McCarthy calls “the Blue Period.” In the years after World War II, to be a black writer was to face a stark predicament. The contest between the Soviet Union and the United States was a global one—an ideological battle that dominated almost every aspect of the cultural agenda. On the one hand was the Soviet Union, espousing revolutionary communism that promised egalitarianism while being hostile to conceptions of personal freedom. On the other hand was the United States, a country steeped in racial prejudice and the policies of Jim Crow. Black writers of this time were equally alienated from the left and the right, Jesse McCarthy argues, and they channeled that alienation into remarkable experiments in literary form. Embracing racial affect and interiority, they forged an aesthetic resistance premised on fierce dissent from both US racial liberalism and Soviet communism. From the end of World War II to the rise of the Black Power movement in the 1960s, authors such as Richard Wright, James Baldwin, Gwendolyn Brooks, and Paule Marshall defined a distinctive moment in American literary culture that McCarthy terms the Blue Period. In McCarthy’s hands, this notion of the Blue Period provides a fresh critical framework that challenges long-held disciplinary and archival assumptions. Black writers in the early Cold War went underground, McCarthy argues, not to depoliticize or liberalize their work, but to make it more radical—keeping alive affective commitments for a future time.

The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia

Author : Gerald L. Smith
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813160669
Total Pages : 625 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia by : Gerald L. Smith

Download or read book The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia written by Gerald L. Smith and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2015-08-28 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The story of African Americans in Kentucky is as diverse and vibrant as the state's general history. The work of more than 150 writers, The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia is an essential guide to the black experience in the Commonwealth. The encyclopedia includes biographical sketches of politicians and community leaders as well as pioneers in art, science, and industry. Kentucky's impact on the national scene is registered in an array of notable figures, such as writers William Wells Brown and bell hooks, reformers Bessie Lucas Allen and Shelby Lanier Jr., sports icons Muhammad Ali and Isaac Murphy, civil rights leaders Whitney Young Jr. and Georgia Powers, and entertainers Ernest Hogan, Helen Humes, and the Nappy Roots. Featuring entries on the individuals, events, places, organizations, movements, and institutions that have shaped the state's history since its origins, the volume also includes topical essays on the civil rights movement, Eastern Kentucky coalfields, business, education, and women. For researchers, students, and all who cherish local history, The Kentucky African American Encyclopedia is an indispensable reference that highlights the diversity of the state's culture and history.

Segregated Soldiers

Author : Marcus S. Cox
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807151785
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Segregated Soldiers by : Marcus S. Cox

Download or read book Segregated Soldiers written by Marcus S. Cox and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Segregated Soldiers, Marcus S. Cox investigates military training programs at historically black colleges and universities, and demonstrates their importance to the struggle for civil rights. Examining African Americans' attitudes toward service in the armed forces, Cox focuses on the ways in which black higher education and Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) programs worked together to advance full citizenship rights for African Americans. Educators at black colleges supported military training as early as the late nineteenth century in hopes of improving the social, economic, and political state of black citizens. Their attitudes reflected the long-held belief of many African Americans who viewed military service as a path to equal rights. Cox begins his narrative in the decades following the Civil War, when the movement to educate blacks became an essential element in the effort to offer equality to all African Americans. ROTC training emerged as a fundamental component of black higher education, as African American educators encouraged military activities to promote discipline, upright behavior, and patriotism. These virtues, they believed, would hasten African Americans' quest for civil rights and social progress. Using Southern University -- one of the largest African American institutions of higher learning during the post--World War II era -- as a case study, Cox shows how blacks' interest in military training and service continued to rise steadily throughout the 1950s. Even in the 1960s and early 1970s, despite the growing unpopularity of the Vietnam War, the rise of black nationalism, and an expanding economy that offered African Americans enhanced economic opportunities, support for the military persisted among blacks because many believed that service in the armed forces represented the best way to advance themselves in a society in which racial discrimination flourished. Unlike recent scholarship on historically black colleges and universities, Cox's study moves beyond institutional histories to provide a detailed examination of broader social, political, and economic issues, and demonstrates why military training programs remained a vital part of the schools' missions.

African American History Day by Day

Author : Karen Juanita Carrillo
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1598843613
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (988 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis African American History Day by Day by : Karen Juanita Carrillo

Download or read book African American History Day by Day written by Karen Juanita Carrillo and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2012-08-22 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proof of any group's importance to history is in the detail, a fact made plain by this informative book's day-by-day documentation of the impact of African Americans on life in the United States. One of the easiest ways to grasp any aspect of history is to look at it as a continuum. African American History Day by Day: A Reference Guide to Events provides just such an opportunity. Organized in the form of a calendar, this book allows readers to see the dates of famous births, deaths, and events that have affected the lives of African Americans and, by extension, of America as a whole. Each day features an entry with information about an important event that occurred on that date. Background on the highlighted event is provided, along with a link to at least one primary source document and references to books and websites that can provide more information. While there are other calendars of African American history, this one is set apart by its level of academic detail. It is not only a calendar, but also an easy-to-use reference and learning tool.

History of Universities

Author : Mordechai Feingold
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199550328
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (995 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis History of Universities by : Mordechai Feingold

Download or read book History of Universities written by Mordechai Feingold and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-12-18 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume XXIII/2 of History of Universities contains the customary mix of learned articles, book reviews, and bibliographical information, which makes this publication an indispensable tool for the historian of higher education. It offers a lively combination of original research and invaluable reference material.

Lincoln University:

Author : Arnold G. Parks
Publisher : Arcadia Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1439618925
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (396 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Lincoln University: by : Arnold G. Parks

Download or read book Lincoln University: written by Arnold G. Parks and published by Arcadia Publishing. This book was released on 2012-09-18 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lincoln University was founded in 1866 for the education of freed blacks after the Civil War. This book focuses on the years between 1920 and 1970, a span of time during which many of the university's most signifi cant developments occurred. During this period, Lincoln Institute was elevated to university status, and graduate programs were added to the curriculum. A court-ordered law school was established and graduated many accomplished and respected African American attorneys before disbanding in the 1950s. During this era, the university was often referred to as "the Harvard of the Midwest" due to the acclaimed reputation of its faculty. Many alumni have made outstanding contributions at local, state, and national levels. After the 1954 United States Supreme Court Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka decision, the university integrated its student body. As a result, student enrollment changed dramatically from all black to a signifi cantly white clientele. Today the university retains its designation as a historically black college/university.

New Negro Politics in the Jim Crow South

Author : Claudrena N. Harold
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 0820335126
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (23 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis New Negro Politics in the Jim Crow South by : Claudrena N. Harold

Download or read book New Negro Politics in the Jim Crow South written by Claudrena N. Harold and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- One: The Hour Has Come -- Two: Now Comes the Test -- Three: Making Way for Democracy -- Four: On the Firing Line -- Five: The South Will Be Invaded -- Six: New Negro Southerners -- Seven: Stormy Weather -- Epilogue: In the Whirlwind -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y