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Nanostructured Complex Hydride Systems For Solid State Hydrogen Storage
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Book Synopsis Nanomaterials for Solid State Hydrogen Storage by : Robert A. Varin
Download or read book Nanomaterials for Solid State Hydrogen Storage written by Robert A. Varin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-13 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, important advances have been made in the development of nanostructured materials for solid state hydrogen storage used to supply hydrogen to fuel cells in a clean, inexpensive, safe and efficient manner. Nanomaterials for Solid State Hydrogen Storage focuses on hydrogen storage materials having high volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen capacities, and thus having the highest potential of being applied in the automotive sector. Written by leading experts in the field, Nanomaterials for Solid State Hydrogen Storage provides a thorough history of hydrides and nanomaterials, followed by a discussion of existing fabrication methods. The authors’ own research results in the behavior of various hydrogen storage materials are also presented. Covering fundamentals, extensive research results and recent advances in nanomaterials for solid state hydrogen storage, this book serves as a comprehensive reference.
Book Synopsis Nanostructured Complex Hydride Systems for Solid State Hydrogen Storage by : Minchul Jang
Download or read book Nanostructured Complex Hydride Systems for Solid State Hydrogen Storage written by Minchul Jang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present work reports a study of the effects of the formation of a nanostructure induced by high-energy ball milling, compositions, and various catalytic additives on the hydrogen storage properties of LiNH2-LiH and LiNH2-MgH2 systems. The mixtures are systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and a Sieverts-type apparatus. The results indicate that microstructural refinement (particle and grain size) induced by ball milling affects the hydrogen storage properties of LiNH2-LiH and LiNH2-MgH2 systems. Moreover, the molar ratios of the starting constituents can also affect the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation properties. In the LiNH2-LiH system, high-energy ball milling is applied to the mixtures of LiNH2 and LiH with molar ratios of 1:1, 1:1.2 and 1:1.4 LiH. The lowest apparent activation energy is observed for the mixture of LiNH2-LiH (1:1.2) milled for 25 h. The major impediment in the LiNH2-LiH system is the hydrolysis and oxidation of LiH, which causes a fraction of LiH to be inactive in the intermediate reaction of NH3+LiH[arrr]LiNH2+H2. Therefore, the LiNH2-LiH system always releases NH3, as long as a part of LiH becomes inactive, due to hydrolysis/oxidation, and does not take part in the intermediate reaction. To prevent LiH from undergoing hydrolysis/oxidation during desorption/absorption, 5 wt. % graphite is incorporated in the (LiNH2+1.2LiH) system. The DSC curve of the mixture does not show a melting peak of retained LiNH2, indicating that graphite can prevent or at least substantially reduce the oxidation/hydrolysis of LiH. Moreover, compared to the mixture without graphite, the mixture with graphite shows more hydrogen capacity, thus this mixture desorbs ~5 wt.% H2, which is close to the theoretical capacity. This system is fully reversible in the following reaction: LiNH2+LiH[arrr]Li2NH+H2. However, the equilibrium temperature at the atmospheric pressure of hydrogen (0.1 MPa H2) is 256.8°C for (LiNH2+1.2LiH) mixture, which is too high for use in onboard applications. To overcome the thermodynamic barrier associated with the LiNH2/LiH system, LiH is substituted by MgH2; therefore, the (LiNH2+nMgH2) (n=0.55, 0.6 and 0.7) system is investigated first. These mixtures are partially converted to Mg(NH2)2 and LiH by the metathesis reaction upon ball milling. In this system, hydrogen is desorbed in a two-step reaction: [0.5xMg(NH2)2+xLiH]+[(1-x)LiNH2+(0.5-0.5x)MgH2][arrr]0.5Li2Mg(NH)2+1.0H2 and 0.5Li2Mg(NH)2+MgH2[arrr]0.5Mg3N2+LiH+H2. Moreover, this system is fully reversible in the following reaction: Li2Mg(NH)2+2H2[arrr] Mg(NH2)2+2LiH. Step-wise desorption tests show that the enthalpy and entropy change of the first reaction is -46.7 kJ/molH2 and 136.1 J/(molK), respectively. The equilibrium temperature at 0.1 bar H2 is 70.1°C, which indicates that this system has excellent potential for onboard applications. The lowest apparent activation energy of 71.7 kJ/mol is observed for the molar ratio of 1:0.7MgH2 milled for 25 h. This energy further decreases to 65.0 kJ/mol when 5 wt.% of n-Ni is incorporated in the system. Furthermore, the molar ratio of MgH2/LiNH2 is increased to 1.0 and 1.5 to increase the limited hydrogen storage capacity of the (LiNH2+0.7MgH2) mixture. It has been reported that the composition changes can enhance the hydrogen storage capacity by changing the dehydrogenation/hydrogenation reaction pathways. However, theoretically predicted LiMgN is not observed, even after dehydrogenation at 400°C. Instead of this phase, Li2Mg(NH)2 and Mg3N2 are obtained by dehydrogenation at low and high temperatures, respectively, regardless of the milling mode and the molar ratio of MgH2/LiNH2. The only finding is that the molar ratio of MgH2/LiNH2 can significantly affect mechano-chemical reactions during ball milling, which results in different reaction pathways of hydrogen desorption in subsequent heating processes; however, the reaction's product is the same regardless of the milling mode, the milling duration and their composition. Therefore, the (LiNH2+0.7MgH2) mixture has the greatest potential for onboard applications among Li-Mg-N-H systems due to its high reversible capacity and good kinetic properties.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Storage Materials by : R. G. Barnes
Download or read book Hydrogen Storage Materials written by R. G. Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ames Laboratory, Iowa, USA
Book Synopsis Solid-State Hydrogen Storage by : Gavin Walker
Download or read book Solid-State Hydrogen Storage written by Gavin Walker and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-09-30 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen fuel cells are emerging as a major alternative energy source in transportation and other applications. Central to the development of the hydrogen economy is safe, efficient and viable storage of hydrogen. Solid-state hydrogen storage: Materials and chemistry reviews the latest developments in solid-state hydrogen storage.Part one discusses hydrogen storage technologies, hydrogen futures, hydrogen containment materials and solid-state hydrogen storage system design. Part two reviews the analysis of hydrogen interactions including structural characterisation of hydride materials, neutron scattering techniques, reliably measuring hydrogen uptake in storage materials and modelling of carbon-based materials for hydrogen storage. Part three analyses physically-bound hydrogen storage with chapters on zeolites, carbon nanostructures and metal-organic framework materials. Part four examines chemically-bound hydrogen storage including intermetallics, magnesium hydride, alanates, borohydrides, imides and amides, multicomponent hydrogen storage systems, organic liquid carriers, indirect hydrogen storage in metal ammines and technological challenges in hydrogen storage.With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Solid-state hydrogen storage: Materials and chemistry is a standard reference for researchers and professionals in the field of renewable energy, hydrogen fuel cells and hydrogen storage. - Assesses hydrogen fuel cells as a major alternative energy source - Discusses hydrogen storage technologies and solid-state hydrogen storage system design - Explores the analysis of hydrogen interactions including reliably measuring hydrogen uptake in storage materials
Book Synopsis Energy, Society and the Environment by : Ali Salehabadi
Download or read book Energy, Society and the Environment written by Ali Salehabadi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-21 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and contemporary overview of advances in energy and energy storage technologies. Although the coverage is varied and diverse, the book also addresses unifying patterns and trends in order to enrich readers’ understanding of energy and energy storage systems, particularly hydrogen energy storage, including e.g. their morphology, porosity and material structure. Readers will also gain insights into the hydrogen storage performance landscape, based on data released by the US Department of Energy (DOE), providing a basis for understanding real-world applications. The book also discusses the superior hydrogen storage performance of solid-state materials and explores the physical and chemical properties that can potentially affect their performance.
Book Synopsis Nanostructured TM-boron Based Hydrides for Solid State Hydrogen Storage (TM-transition Metal) by : Amirreza Shirani Bidabadi
Download or read book Nanostructured TM-boron Based Hydrides for Solid State Hydrogen Storage (TM-transition Metal) written by Amirreza Shirani Bidabadi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several complex borohydride systems were investigated in this work as potential candidates for on-demand hydrogen generation and/or storage. All selected systems were synthesized by ball milling (BM) in expectation of inducing mechano-chemical activation synthesis (MCAS). The (LiBH4-FeCl2) system with the molar ratio of 2:1 showed rapid hydrogen generation (mechanical dehydrogenation) at room temperature. Rapid mechanical dehydrogenation was also observed during milling of LiBH4 with TiCl2 and TiCl3 with the molar ratio of 2:1 and 3:1, respectively. The Li-B-Fe/Ti-H systems are quite remarkable since their mechanical dehydrogenation rate at ambient temperature is much higher than their thermal dehydrogenation rate within the 100-250°C range. Mechanical dehydrogenation of the (3LiBH4-TiF3) system was rather slow without and with additives such as ultrafine filamentary Ni and graphene. Only minimal mechanical dehydrogenation was observed for the (LiBH4-MnCl2) system. Some additives such as ultrafine filamentary Ni and LiNH2 accelerated the mechanical dehydrogenation rate of this system. The Mn(BH4)2 and LiCl, which were identified as the MCAS products after ball milling of (LiBH4-MnCl2), are both nanocrystalline after synthesis. The Mn(BH4)2-LiCl nanocomposite was capable of desorbing up to ~ 4.5 wt.% at 100°C during isothermal dehydrogenation and was very stable and released no H2 during long-term storage at room temperature for over 120 days. Mass spectrometry (MS) of the ball milled (LiBH4-MnCl2) showed the principal peaks of H2 accompanied by a miniscule peak of B2H6 (diborane gas). Adding 5 wt.% of LiNH2, graphene and Ni to the powder mixture during mechano-chemical synthesis increased the H2/B2H6 peak ratio, consequently minimizing the release of B2H6 during isothermal dehydrogenation. LiNH2 and Ni suppressed the release of B2H6 to a larger extent than graphene. Isothermal desorption of ball milled (3LiBH4-TiF3) occurred at a very low temperature of 60°C resulting in desorption of 4.52 wt.% H2 within 93 h. Interestingly, increasing milling energy from QTR=72.8 kJ/g (1 h BM) to QTR=364 kJ/g (5 h BM) led to a nearly complete disappearance of the MS B2H6 peak.
Download or read book Hydrogen Storage written by Jianjun Liu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-09-05 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen, as an energy carrier, is widely regarded as a potential cost effective, renewable, and clean energy alternative to petroleum in order to mitigate energy shortage and global climate warming issues that the world is currently facing. However, storage of hydrogen is a substantial challenge, especially for applications in vehicles with fuel cells that use proton-exchange membranes (PEMs). Therefore, scientific community has started focusing their research activities on developing advanced hydrogen storage materials through nanotechnology. The book presents a wide variety of nanostructured materials used for application in hydrogen storage, covering chemical and physical storage approaches. The research topics include computational design, synthesis, processing, fabrication, characterization, properties and applications of nanomaterials in hydrogen storage systems.
Book Synopsis Nanostructured Light Metal Hydrides Based on Li, Al, Na, B and N for Solid State Hydrogen Storage by : Roozbeh Parviz
Download or read book Nanostructured Light Metal Hydrides Based on Li, Al, Na, B and N for Solid State Hydrogen Storage written by Roozbeh Parviz and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present work reports a study of the effects of the compositions, and various catalytic additives and nanostructuring by high-energy ball milling, on the hydrogen storage properties of LiBH4, NaBH4, LiNH2 and LiAlH4 complex hydrides and their composites.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage by : Mieczyslaw Jurczyk
Download or read book Handbook of Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage written by Mieczyslaw Jurczyk and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-09 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoscale metallic and ceramic materials, also called nanomaterials, have held enormous attraction for researchers over the past few years. They demonstrate novel properties compared with conventional (microcrystalline) materials owing to their nanoscale features. Recently, mechanical alloying and powder metallurgy processes for the fabrication of metal–ceramic/alloy–ceramic nanocomposites with a unique microstructure have been developed. This book focuses on the fabrication of nanostructured hydrogen storage materials and their nanocomposites. The potential application of the research presented in the book fits well into the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020, where one of the societal challenges is secure, clean, and efficient energy. Wherever possible, the authors have illustrated the subject by their own results. The goal of the book is to provide comprehensive knowledge about materials for energy applications to graduate students and researchers in chemistry, chemical engineering, and materials science.
Book Synopsis Nanomaterials for Solid State Hydrogen Storage by : Robert A. Varin
Download or read book Nanomaterials for Solid State Hydrogen Storage written by Robert A. Varin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, important advances have been made in the development of nanostructured materials for solid state hydrogen storage used to supply hydrogen to fuel cells in a clean, inexpensive, safe and efficient manner. Nanomaterials for Solid State Hydrogen Storage focuses on hydrogen storage materials having high volumetric and gravimetric hydrogen capacities, and thus having the highest potential of being applied in the automotive sector. Written by leading experts in the field, Nanomaterials for Solid State Hydrogen Storage provides a thorough history of hydrides and nanomaterials, followed by a discussion of existing fabrication methods. The authors’ own research results in the behavior of various hydrogen storage materials are also presented. Covering fundamentals, extensive research results and recent advances in nanomaterials for solid state hydrogen storage, this book serves as a comprehensive reference.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Storage Materials by : Darren P. Broom
Download or read book Hydrogen Storage Materials written by Darren P. Broom and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-28 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of storing hydrogen safely and effectively is one of the major technological barriers currently preventing the widespread adoption of hydrogen as an energy carrier and the subsequent transition to a so-called hydrogen economy. Practical issues with the storage of hydrogen in both gas and liquid form appear to make reversible solid state hydrogen storage the most promising potential solution. Hydrogen Storage Materials addresses the characterisation of the hydrogen storage properties of the materials that are currently being considered for this purpose. The background to the topic is introduced, along with the various types of materials that are currently under investigation, including nanostructured interstitial and complex hydrides, and porous materials, such as metal-organic frameworks and microporous organic polymers. The main features of Hydrogen Storage Materials include: an overview of the different types of hydrogen storage materials and the properties that are of interest for their practical use; descriptions of the gas sorption measurement methods used to determine these properties, and the complementary techniques that can be used to help corroborate hydrogen uptake data; and extensive coverage of the practical considerations for accurate hydrogen sorption measurement that drive both instrument design and the development of experimental methodology. Hydrogen Storage Materials provides an up-to-date overview of the topic for experienced researchers, while including enough introductory material to serve as a useful, practical introduction for newcomers to the field.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Hydrogen Storage by : Michael Hirscher
Download or read book Handbook of Hydrogen Storage written by Michael Hirscher and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-04-26 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Owing to the limited resources of fossil fuels, hydrogen is proposed as an alternative and environment-friendly energy carrier. However, its potential is limited by storage problems, especially for mobile applications. Current technologies, as compressed gas or liquefied hydrogen, comprise severe disadvantages and the storage of hydrogen in lightweight solids could be the solution to this problem. Since the optimal storage mechanism and optimal material have yet to be identified, this first handbook on the topic provides an excellent overview of the most probable candidates, highlighting both their advantages as well as drawbacks. From the contents: ¿ Physisorption ¿ Clathrates ¿ Metal hydrides ¿ Complex hydrides ¿ Amides, imides, and mixtures ¿ Tailoring Reaction Enthalpies ¿ Borazan ¿ Aluminum hydride ¿ Nanoparticles A one-stop reference on all questions concerning hydrogen storage for physical and solid state chemists, materials scientists, chemical engineers, and physicists.
Book Synopsis Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage Applications by : Fatih Şen
Download or read book Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage Applications written by Fatih Şen and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-09-09 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Storage Applications introduces nanomaterials and nanocomposites manufacturing and design for hydrogen storage applications. The book covers the manufacturing, design, characterization techniques and hydrogen storage applications of a range of nanomaterials. It outlines fundamental characterization techniques for nanocomposites to establish their suitability for hydrogen storage applications. Offering a sound knowledge of hydrogen storage application of nanocomposites, this book is an important resource for both materials scientists and engineers who are seeking to understand how nanomaterials can be used to create more efficient energy storage solutions. - Assesses the characterization, design, manufacture and application of different types of nanomaterials for hydrogen storage - Outlines the major challenges of using nanomaterials in hydrogen storage - Discusses how the use of nanotechnology is helping engineers create more effective hydrogen storage systems
Book Synopsis Nanostructured Materials for Next-Generation Energy Storage and Conversion by : Ying-Pin Chen
Download or read book Nanostructured Materials for Next-Generation Energy Storage and Conversion written by Ying-Pin Chen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-31 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 1 of a 4-volume series is a concise, authoritative and an eminently readable and enjoyable experience related to hydrogen production, storage and usage for portable and stationary power. Although the major focus is on hydrogen, discussion of fossil fuels and nuclear power is also presented where appropriate. This monograph is written by recognized experts in the field, and is both timely and appropriate as this decade will see application of hydrogen as an energy carrier, for example in transportation sector. The world's reliance on fossil fuels is due to the ever growing need for energy to sustain life and on-going progress; however exploitation also brings consequences such as emission of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur dioxides into the atmosphere. The collective influence of these photochemical gases is production of acid rain and an alternation of global temperatures, leading to record high temperatures in many parts of the world. The fossil fuel is unsustainable and thus there is a critical need for alternative sustainable energy resources. One universal energy carrier is hydrogen, which is the focus of this volume. This book is suitable for those who work in the energy field as technical experts, including engineers and scientists, as well as managers, policy and decision-makers, environmentalists and consultants. Students and practitioners such as lectures, teachers, legislators and their aids in the field of energy will find this book invaluable and a practical handbook or guide in the field of sustainable energy with emphasis on hydrogen as an energy carrier.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Storage Technology by : Lennie Klebanoff
Download or read book Hydrogen Storage Technology written by Lennie Klebanoff and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-04-21 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zero-carbon, hydrogen-based power technology offers the most promising long-term solution for a secure and sustainable energy infrastructure. With contributions from the world's leading technical experts in the field, Hydrogen Storage Technology: Materials and Applications presents a broad yet unified account of the various materials science, physi
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Energy Storage by : Jean-Marie Tarascon
Download or read book Electrochemical Energy Storage written by Jean-Marie Tarascon and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-02-23 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electrochemical storage of energy has become essential in assisting the development of electrical transport and use of renewable energies. French researchers have played a key role in this domain but Asia is currently the market leader. Not wanting to see history repeat itself, France created the research network on electrochemical energy storage (RS2E) in 2011. This book discusses the launch of RS2E, its stakeholders, objectives, and integrated structure that assures a continuum between basic research, technological research and industries. Here, the authors will cover the technological advances as well as the challenges that must still be resolved in the field of electrochemical storage, taking into account sustainable development and the limited time available to us.
Book Synopsis Development and Investigation of Novel Nanostructures and Complex Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage by : Michael Ulrich Niemann
Download or read book Development and Investigation of Novel Nanostructures and Complex Hydrides for Hydrogen Storage written by Michael Ulrich Niemann and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Over the past few years, the need for a clean and renewable fuel has sharply risen. This is due to increasing fossil fuel costs and the desire to limit or eliminate harmful by-products which are created during the burning of these fuels. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe and can be used in either fuel cells or traditional internal combustion engines to produce energy with no harmful emissions. One of the main obstacles facing the implementation of a hydrogen economy is its storage. Classical methods of storage involve either high and unsafe pressures or liquid storage involving a large amount of energy. Two alternative hydrogen storage methods are investigated - physisorption, which is the weak chemical bonding to a material, as well as chemisorption, which is a strong chemical bond of hydrogen to a host material. Polyaniline, a conducting polymer, is investigated in both its bulk form as well as in nanostructured forms, more precisely nanofibers and nanospheres, to store hydrogen via physisorption. It is found the bulk form of polyaniline can store only approximately 0.5wt.% hydrogen, which is far short of the 6wt.% required for practical applications. Nanofibers and nanospheres, however, have been developed, which can store between 4wt.% and 10wt.% of hydrogen at room temperature with varying kinetics. A new complex metal hydride comprised of LiBH4, LiNH2 and MgH2 has been developed to store hydrogen via chemisorption. While the parent compounds require high temperatures and suffer of slow kinetics for hydrogen sorption, the work performed as part of this dissertation shows that optimized processing conditions reduce the hydrogen release temperature from 250°C to approximately 150°C, while the addition of nano sized materials has been found to increase the kinetics of hydrogen sorption as well as further decrease the hydrogen release temperature, making this one of the first viable hydrogen storage materials available. This is the first time that nanostructured polyaniline has been investigated for its hydrogen performance. Additionally, the thorough investigation of the effects of nano sized additives and processing parameter optimization of the multinary hydride are first reported in this dissertation.
