Multi Scale Transport And Exchange Processes In The Atmosphere Over Mountains

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The Atmosphere over Mountainous Regions

Author : Miguel A. C. Teixeira
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889450163
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (894 download)

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Book Synopsis The Atmosphere over Mountainous Regions by : Miguel A. C. Teixeira

Download or read book The Atmosphere over Mountainous Regions written by Miguel A. C. Teixeira and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mountainous regions occupy a significant fraction of the Earth's continents and are characterized by specific meteorological phenomena operating on a wide range of scales. Being a home to large human populations, the impact of mountains on weather and hydrology has significant practical consequences. Mountains modulate the climate and create micro-climates, induce different types of thermally and dynamically driven circulations, generate atmospheric waves of various scales (known as mountain waves), and affect the boundary layer characteristics and the dispersion of pollutants. At the local scale, strong downslope winds linked with mountain waves (such as the Foehn and Bora) can cause severe damage. Mountain wave breaking in the high atmosphere is a source of Clear Air Turbulence, and lee wave rotors are a major near-surface aviation hazard. Mountains also act to block strongly stratified air layers, leading to the formation of valley cold air-pools (with implications for road safety, pollution, crop damage, etc.) and gap flows. Presently, neither the fine-scale structure of orographic precipitation nor the initiation of deep convection by mountainous terrain can be resolved adequately by regional-to global-scale models, requiring appropriate downscaling or parameterization. Additionally, the shortest mountain waves need to be parameterized in global weather and climate prediction models, because they exert a drag on the atmosphere. This drag not only decelerates the global atmospheric circulation, but also affects temperatures in the polar stratosphere, which control ozone depletion. It is likely that both mountain wave drag and orographic precipitation lead to non-trivial feedbacks in climate change scenarios. Measurement campaigns such as MAP, T-REX, Materhorn, COLPEX and i-Box provided a wealth of mountain meteorology field data, which is only starting to be explored. Recent advances in computing power allow numerical simulations of unprecedented resolution, e.g. LES modelling of rotors, mountain wave turbulence, and boundary layers in mountainous regions. This will lead to important advances in understanding these phenomena, as well as mixing and pollutant dispersion over complex terrain, or the onset and breakdown of cold air pools. On the other hand, recent analyses of global circulation biases point towards missing drag, especially in the southern hemisphere, which may be due to processes currently neglected in parameterizations. A better understanding of flow over orography is also crucial for a better management of wind power and a more effective use of data assimilation over complex terrain. This Research Topic includes contributions that aim to shed light on a number of these issues, using theory, numerical modelling, field measurements, and laboratory experiments.

Multi-scale Transport and Exchange Processes in the Atmosphere Over Mountains

Author : Stefano Serafin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783991060031
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Multi-scale Transport and Exchange Processes in the Atmosphere Over Mountains by : Stefano Serafin

Download or read book Multi-scale Transport and Exchange Processes in the Atmosphere Over Mountains written by Stefano Serafin and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Safeguarding Mountain Social-Ecological Systems, Vol 2

Author : Stefan Schneiderbauer
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0443328250
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (433 download)

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Book Synopsis Safeguarding Mountain Social-Ecological Systems, Vol 2 by : Stefan Schneiderbauer

Download or read book Safeguarding Mountain Social-Ecological Systems, Vol 2 written by Stefan Schneiderbauer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-08-13 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safeguarding Mountain Social-Ecological Systems, Volume Two: Building Transformative Resilience in Mountain Regions Worldwide presents an overview of the relevant research in mountain regions worldwide, identifies existing challenges, and provides an understanding of the diversity of mountain ecosystems in different regions. It focuses on understanding, protecting, and enhancing mountain social-ecological systems.This second volume places a stronger emphasis on building transformative resilience in mountain regions, indicating a focus on proactive measures to address challenges and promote sustainable development. It also highlights regional perspectives and case studies and insights from various mountain regions worldwide. - Focuses on existing efforts, emerging risks, and collaborative initiatives in the field of mountain social-ecological systems - Allows readers to gain insights into diverse social-ecological systems and understand the unique challenges and opportunities associated with each region - Explores strategies and approaches to enhance the resilience of mountain social-ecological systems through case studies, insights, and opportunities presented in each region

Atmospheric Boundary Layers

Author : Alexander Baklanov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387743219
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Atmospheric Boundary Layers by : Alexander Baklanov

Download or read book Atmospheric Boundary Layers written by Alexander Baklanov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-30 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents peer-reviewed papers from the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Atmospheric Boundary Layers held in April 2006. The papers are divided into thematic sessions: nature and theory of turbulent boundary layers; boundary-layer flows: modeling and applications to environmental security; nature, theory and modeling of boundary-layer flows; air flows within and above urban and other complex canopies: air-sea-ice interaction.

The Atmospheric Boundary Layer

Author : J. R. Garratt
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521467452
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (674 download)

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Book Synopsis The Atmospheric Boundary Layer by : J. R. Garratt

Download or read book The Atmospheric Boundary Layer written by J. R. Garratt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-04-21 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book gives a comprehensive and lucid account of the science of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). There is an emphasis on the application of the ABL to numerical modelling of the climate. The book comprises nine chapters, several appendices (data tables, information sources, physical constants) and an extensive reference list. Chapter 1 serves as an introduction, with chapters 2 and 3 dealing with the development of mean and turbulence equations, and the many scaling laws and theories that are the cornerstone of any serious ABL treatment. Modelling of the ABL is crucially dependent for its realism on the surface boundary conditions, and chapters 4 and 5 deal with aerodynamic and energy considerations, with attention to both dry and wet land surfaces and sea. The structure of the clear-sky, thermally stratified ABL is treated in chapter 6, including the convective and stable cases over homogeneous land, the marine ABL and the internal boundary layer at the coastline. Chapter 7 then extends the discussion to the cloudy ABL. This is seen as particularly relevant, since the extensive stratocumulus regions over the subtropical oceans and stratus regions over the Arctic are now identified as key players in the climate system. Finally, chapters 8 and 9 bring much of the book's material together in a discussion of appropriate ABL and surface parameterization schemes in general circulation models of the atmosphere that are being used for climate simulation.

Exchange and Transport of Air Pollutants over Complex Terrain and the Sea

Author : Soren E. Larsen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642572529
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Exchange and Transport of Air Pollutants over Complex Terrain and the Sea by : Soren E. Larsen

Download or read book Exchange and Transport of Air Pollutants over Complex Terrain and the Sea written by Soren E. Larsen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the regional models required to understand and control the generation, distribution and deposition of air pollutants become more precise, the need to understand the detailed effects of hilly and mountainous terrain becomes more acute. The Alpine regions and the mountainous Mediterranean coasts have large effets on the way the pollutant burden is spread in their areas. Similarly an understanding of the effects of chemical and physical processes controlling pollutant deposition and the emission of biogenic compounds is essential to the correct modelling of the coastal regions which surround so much of Europe. The results from two projects on these problems are presented in this volume: one involved a series of field campaigns in the Alps and in the Rhine valley, the other involves ships and platforms in the North Sea and also in the Mediterranean.

Modeling of Atmospheric Chemistry

Author : Guy P. Brasseur
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108210953
Total Pages : 631 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (82 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling of Atmospheric Chemistry by : Guy P. Brasseur

Download or read book Modeling of Atmospheric Chemistry written by Guy P. Brasseur and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical modeling of atmospheric composition is a formidable scientific and computational challenge. This comprehensive presentation of the modeling methods used in atmospheric chemistry focuses on both theory and practice, from the fundamental principles behind models, through to their applications in interpreting observations. An encyclopaedic coverage of methods used in atmospheric modeling, including their advantages and disadvantages, makes this a one-stop resource with a large scope. Particular emphasis is given to the mathematical formulation of chemical, radiative, and aerosol processes; advection and turbulent transport; emission and deposition processes; as well as major chapters on model evaluation and inverse modeling. The modeling of atmospheric chemistry is an intrinsically interdisciplinary endeavour, bringing together meteorology, radiative transfer, physical chemistry and biogeochemistry, making the book of value to a broad readership. Introductory chapters and a review of the relevant mathematics make this book instantly accessible to graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric sciences.

Boundary-Layer Processes Producing Mesoscale Water-Vapour Variability over a Mountainous Island

Author : Adler, Bianca
Publisher : KIT Scientific Publishing
ISBN 13 : 373150247X
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Boundary-Layer Processes Producing Mesoscale Water-Vapour Variability over a Mountainous Island by : Adler, Bianca

Download or read book Boundary-Layer Processes Producing Mesoscale Water-Vapour Variability over a Mountainous Island written by Adler, Bianca and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2014-09-12 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over complex terrain, spatial inhomogeneities of pre-convective atmospheric conditions occur due to convection and mesoscale transport processes. This thesis focuses on the identification of these processes over the mountainous island of Corsica and on the evaluation of their impact on the spatial variability of water vapour, convection-related parameters and the evolution of deep convection by means of observations.

Abrupt Climate Change

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309133041
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Abrupt Climate Change by : National Research Council

Download or read book Abrupt Climate Change written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-04-23 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The climate record for the past 100,000 years clearly indicates that the climate system has undergone periodic-and often extreme-shifts, sometimes in as little as a decade or less. The causes of abrupt climate changes have not been clearly established, but the triggering of events is likely to be the result of multiple natural processes. Abrupt climate changes of the magnitude seen in the past would have far-reaching implications for human society and ecosystems, including major impacts on energy consumption and water supply demands. Could such a change happen again? Are human activities exacerbating the likelihood of abrupt climate change? What are the potential societal consequences of such a change? Abrupt Climate Change: Inevitable Surprises looks at the current scientific evidence and theoretical understanding to describe what is currently known about abrupt climate change, including patterns and magnitudes, mechanisms, and probability of occurrence. It identifies critical knowledge gaps concerning the potential for future abrupt changes, including those aspects of change most important to society and economies, and outlines a research strategy to close those gaps. Based on the best and most current research available, this book surveys the history of climate change and makes a series of specific recommendations for the future.

Mountain Weather Research and Forecasting

Author : Fotini K. Chow
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400740980
Total Pages : 760 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Mountain Weather Research and Forecasting by : Fotini K. Chow

Download or read book Mountain Weather Research and Forecasting written by Fotini K. Chow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-30 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with a broad understanding of the fundamental principles driving atmospheric flow over complex terrain and provides historical context for recent developments and future direction for researchers and forecasters. The topics in this book are expanded from those presented at the Mountain Weather Workshop, which took place in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, August 5-8, 2008. The inspiration for the workshop came from the American Meteorological Society (AMS) Mountain Meteorology Committee and was designed to bridge the gap between the research and forecasting communities by providing a forum for extended discussion and joint education. For academic researchers, this book provides some insight into issues important to the forecasting community. For the forecasting community, this book provides training on fundamentals of atmospheric processes over mountainous regions, which are notoriously difficult to predict. The book also helps to provide a better understanding of current research and forecast challenges, including the latest contributions and advancements to the field. The book begins with an overview of mountain weather and forecasting chal- lenges specific to complex terrain, followed by chapters that focus on diurnal mountain/valley flows that develop under calm conditions and dynamically-driven winds under strong forcing. The focus then shifts to other phenomena specific to mountain regions: Alpine foehn, boundary layer and air quality issues, orographic precipitation processes, and microphysics parameterizations. Having covered the major physical processes, the book shifts to observation and modelling techniques used in mountain regions, including model configuration and parameterizations such as turbulence, and model applications in operational forecasting. The book concludes with a discussion of the current state of research and forecasting in complex terrain, including a vision of how to bridge the gap in the future.

The Republic of Adygea Environment

Author : Murat K. Bedanokov
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030748499
Total Pages : 714 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis The Republic of Adygea Environment by : Murat K. Bedanokov

Download or read book The Republic of Adygea Environment written by Murat K. Bedanokov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-21 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines the current status of the environment in the Republic of Adygea in Russia. The book assesses the environmental conditions, ecological state, climate and vegetation change, anthropogenic loads to soil, water and atmosphere as well as highlighting the potential of water resources, renewable energy and development of tourism, agriculture and industry in this region. It also presents the mechanisms of legal, ecological and economic regulation and environmental insurance in the Republic of Adygea. This book introduces the Republic of Adygea to readers who are not familiar with the Republic and its beautiful landscapes, history and people. It offers a valuable source of information for a broad readership, from students and scientists interested in environmental sciences, to policymakers and practitioners working in the fields of environmental policy and management.

NCAR Technical Notes

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (228 download)

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Book Synopsis NCAR Technical Notes by :

Download or read book NCAR Technical Notes written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Global Sources of Local Pollution

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309144019
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Global Sources of Local Pollution by : National Research Council

Download or read book Global Sources of Local Pollution written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-02-15 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health. The relative importance of this "imported" pollution is likely to increase, as emissions in developing countries grow, and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened. Global Sources of Local Pollution examines the impact of the long-range transport of four key air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the United States. It also explores the environmental impacts of U.S. emissions on other parts of the world. The book recommends that the United States work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies. This book will be useful to international, federal, state, and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well-being.

The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate

Author : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9781009157971
Total Pages : 755 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (579 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate by : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

Download or read book The Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 755 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate is the most comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of the observed and projected changes to the ocean and cryosphere and their associated impacts and risks, with a focus on resilience, risk management response options, and adaptation measures, considering both their potential and limitations. It brings together knowledge on physical and biogeochemical changes, the interplay with ecosystem changes, and the implications for human communities. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 702 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports by :

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Atmospheric Processes over Complex Terrain

Author : William Blumen
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1935704257
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (357 download)

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Book Synopsis Atmospheric Processes over Complex Terrain by : William Blumen

Download or read book Atmospheric Processes over Complex Terrain written by William Blumen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-30 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of the American Meteorological Society are "the development and dissemination of knowledge of meteorology in all its phases and applications, and the advancement of its professional ideals." The organization of the Society took place in affiliation with the American Association for the Advancement of Science at Saint Louis, Missouri, December 29, 1919, and its incorporation, at Washington, D. C., January 21, 1920. The work of the Society is carried on by the Bulletin, the Journal, and Meteorological Monographs, by papers and discussions at meetings of the Society, through the offices of the Secretary and the Executive Secretary, and by correspondence. All of the Americas are represented in the membership of the Society as well as many foreign countries.

The European Nitrogen Assessment

Author : Mark A. Sutton
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139501372
Total Pages : 665 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)

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Book Synopsis The European Nitrogen Assessment by : Mark A. Sutton

Download or read book The European Nitrogen Assessment written by Mark A. Sutton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-14 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the first continental-scale assessment of reactive nitrogen in the environment, this book sets the related environmental problems in context by providing a multidisciplinary introduction to the nitrogen cycle processes. Issues of upscaling from farm plot and city to national and continental scales are addressed in detail with emphasis on opportunities for better management at local to global levels. The five key societal threats posed by reactive nitrogen are assessed, providing a framework for joined-up management of the nitrogen cycle in Europe, including the first cost-benefit analysis for different reactive nitrogen forms and future scenarios. Incorporating comprehensive maps, a handy technical synopsis and a summary for policy makers, this landmark volume is an essential reference for academic researchers across a wide range of disciplines, as well as stakeholders and policy makers. It is also a valuable tool in communicating the key environmental issues and future challenges to the wider public.