Mortality and Lifetime Income

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Author :
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Mortality and Lifetime Income by : James E. Duggan

Download or read book Mortality and Lifetime Income written by James E. Duggan and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2007 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of the empirical relationship between income and mortality often rely on data aggregated by geographic areas and broad population groups and do not distinguish disabled and nondisabled persons. We investigate the relationship between individual mortality and lifetime income with a large micro data base of current and former retired participants in the U. S. Social Security system. Logit models by gender and race confirm a negative relationship. Differences in age of death between low and high lifetime income are on the order of two to three years. Income-related mortality differences between blacks and whites are largest at low-income levels while gender differences appear to be large and persistent across income levels.

The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030931710X
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-17 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. population is aging. Social Security projections suggest that between 2013 and 2050, the population aged 65 and over will almost double, from 45 million to 86 million. One key driver of population aging is ongoing increases in life expectancy. Average U.S. life expectancy was 67 years for males and 73 years for females five decades ago; the averages are now 76 and 81, respectively. It has long been the case that better-educated, higher-income people enjoy longer life expectancies than less-educated, lower-income people. The causes include early life conditions, behavioral factors (such as nutrition, exercise, and smoking behaviors), stress, and access to health care services, all of which can vary across education and income. Our major entitlement programs - Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security, and Supplemental Security Income - have come to deliver disproportionately larger lifetime benefits to higher-income people because, on average, they are increasingly collecting those benefits over more years than others. This report studies the impact the growing gap in life expectancy has on the present value of lifetime benefits that people with higher or lower earnings will receive from major entitlement programs. The analysis presented in The Growing Gap in Life Expectancy by Income goes beyond an examination of the existing literature by providing the first comprehensive estimates of how lifetime benefits are affected by the changing distribution of life expectancy. The report also explores, from a lifetime benefit perspective, how the growing gap in longevity affects traditional policy analyses of reforms to the nation's leading entitlement programs. This in-depth analysis of the economic impacts of the longevity gap will inform debate and assist decision makers, economists, and researchers.

Mortality Assumptions and Longevity Risk Implications for pension funds and annuity providers

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Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 926422274X
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (642 download)

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Book Synopsis Mortality Assumptions and Longevity Risk Implications for pension funds and annuity providers by : OECD

Download or read book Mortality Assumptions and Longevity Risk Implications for pension funds and annuity providers written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2014-12-08 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publication assess how pension funds, annuity providers such as life insurance companies, and the regulatory framework incorporate future improvements in mortality and life expectancy.

Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309217105
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries by : National Research Council

Download or read book Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last 25 years, life expectancy at age 50 in the United States has been rising, but at a slower pace than in many other high-income countries, such as Japan and Australia. This difference is particularly notable given that the United States spends more on health care than any other nation. Concerned about this divergence, the National Institute on Aging asked the National Research Council to examine evidence on its possible causes. According to Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries, the nation's history of heavy smoking is a major reason why lifespans in the United States fall short of those in many other high-income nations. Evidence suggests that current obesity levels play a substantial part as well. The book reports that lack of universal access to health care in the U.S. also has increased mortality and reduced life expectancy, though this is a less significant factor for those over age 65 because of Medicare access. For the main causes of death at older ages-cancer and cardiovascular disease-available indicators do not suggest that the U.S. health care system is failing to prevent deaths that would be averted elsewhere. In fact, cancer detection and survival appear to be better in the U.S. than in most other high-income nations, and survival rates following a heart attack also are favorable. Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries identifies many gaps in research. For instance, while lung cancer deaths are a reliable marker of the damage from smoking, no clear-cut marker exists for obesity, physical inactivity, social integration, or other risks considered in this book. Moreover, evaluation of these risk factors is based on observational studies, which-unlike randomized controlled trials-are subject to many biases.

Research Paper No. 2007-01 Mortality and Lifetime Income Evidence from Social Security Records

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Author :
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781505390728
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis Research Paper No. 2007-01 Mortality and Lifetime Income Evidence from Social Security Records by : James E. Duggan

Download or read book Research Paper No. 2007-01 Mortality and Lifetime Income Evidence from Social Security Records written by James E. Duggan and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of the empirical relationship between income and mortality often rely on data aggregated by geographic areas and broad population groups and do not distinguish disabled and nondisabled persons. We investigate the relationship between individual mortality and lifetime income with a large micro data base of current and former retired workers. Logit models by gender and race confirm a negative relationship. Differences in age of death between low and high lifetime income are on the order of two to three years. Income-related mortality differences between blacks and whites are largest at low-income levels while gender differences appear to be large and persistent across income levels.

Lifetime Income and Old Age Mortality Risk in Italy Over Two Decades

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)

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Book Synopsis Lifetime Income and Old Age Mortality Risk in Italy Over Two Decades by : Michele Belloni

Download or read book Lifetime Income and Old Age Mortality Risk in Italy Over Two Decades written by Michele Belloni and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the association between lifetime income and old age mortality risk, referred to as the income-mortality gradient, in Italy during the 1980s and 1990s. We find that the shape of the income-mortality gradient is characterized by two discontinuities (knots) for males and one discontinuity for females. For both genders, the estimated associations between income and mortality risk are negative and stronger at higher income levels. Results for the change in the income-mortality gradient between the 1980s and 1990s are sensitive to inclusion in the model of controls for regions. Without controlling for regional differences, the income-mortality gradient widens between the 1980s and the 1990s due to a rather surprising positive gradient for males whose income is below the 66th percentile in the 1980s. One possible explanation for this result could be the presence of manual workers with relatively high salary and high mortality during the 1980s in the industrialized Northwest. After controlling for regional differences, we find no empirical evidence of a change in the income-mortality gradient, including the position of the knots, over time.

Mortality and Lifetime Income

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Author :
Publisher : INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND
ISBN 13 : 9781451910322
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Mortality and Lifetime Income by : John S. Greenlees

Download or read book Mortality and Lifetime Income written by John S. Greenlees and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of the empirical relationship between income and mortality often rely on data aggregated by geographic areas and broad population groups and do not distinguish disabled and nondisabled persons. We investigate the relationship between individual mortality and lifetime income with a large micro data base of current and former retired participants in the U. S. Social Security system. Logit models by gender and race confirm a negative relationship. Differences in age of death between low and high lifetime income are on the order of two to three years. Income-related mortality differences between blacks and whites are largest at low-income levels while gender differences appear to be large and persistent across income levels.

Mortality and the Provision of Retirement Income

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Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264852409
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Mortality and the Provision of Retirement Income by : OECD

Download or read book Mortality and the Provision of Retirement Income written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2023-02-02 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report analyses the development of mortality assumptions to build mortality tables to better protect retirement income provision. Mortality assumptions are necessary to ensure the sustainability of lifetime incomes.

High and Rising Mortality Rates Among Working-Age Adults

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309684736
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (847 download)

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Book Synopsis High and Rising Mortality Rates Among Working-Age Adults by : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine

Download or read book High and Rising Mortality Rates Among Working-Age Adults written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309157331
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages by : National Research Council

Download or read book International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-02-27 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1950 men and women in the United States had a combined life expectancy of 68.9 years, the 12th highest life expectancy at birth in the world. Today, life expectancy is up to 79.2 years, yet the country is now 28th on the list, behind the United Kingdom, Korea, Canada, and France, among others. The United States does have higher rates of infant mortality and violent deaths than in other developed countries, but these factors do not fully account for the country's relatively poor ranking in life expectancy. International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages: Dimensions and Sources examines patterns in international differences in life expectancy above age 50 and assesses the evidence and arguments that have been advanced to explain the poor position of the United States relative to other countries. The papers in this deeply researched volume identify gaps in measurement, data, theory, and research design and pinpoint areas for future high-priority research in this area. In addition to examining the differences in mortality around the world, the papers in International Differences in Mortality at Older Ages look at health factors and life-style choices commonly believed to contribute to the observed international differences in life expectancy. They also identify strategic opportunities for health-related interventions. This book offers a wide variety of disciplinary and scholarly perspectives to the study of mortality, and it offers in-depth analyses that can serve health professionals, policy makers, statisticians, and researchers.

Longevity Risk and Retirement Income Planning

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Author :
Publisher : CFA Institute Research Foundation
ISBN 13 : 193466796X
Total Pages : 106 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (346 download)

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Book Synopsis Longevity Risk and Retirement Income Planning by : Patrick J. Collins

Download or read book Longevity Risk and Retirement Income Planning written by Patrick J. Collins and published by CFA Institute Research Foundation. This book was released on 2015-12-28 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past 50 years have seen an abundance of research on retirement planning and longevity risk. Reviewed here is the academic side of the research and its varied viewpoints and nuances. The evolution of retirement risk models, retirement portfolio problems and solutions, and annuities are some of the many topics covered.

Modelling Longevity Dynamics for Pensions and Annuity Business

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Author :
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191609420
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

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Book Synopsis Modelling Longevity Dynamics for Pensions and Annuity Business by : Ermanno Pitacco

Download or read book Modelling Longevity Dynamics for Pensions and Annuity Business written by Ermanno Pitacco and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-01-29 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mortality improvements, uncertainty in future mortality trends and the relevant impact on life annuities and pension plans constitute important topics in the field of actuarial mathematics and life insurance techniques. In particular, actuarial calculations concerning pensions, life annuities and other living benefits (provided, for example, by long-term care insurance products and whole life sickness covers) are based on survival probabilities which necessarily extend over a long time horizon. In order to avoid underestimation of the related liabilities, the insurance company (or the pension plan) must adopt an appropriate forecast of future mortality. Great attention is currently being devoted to the management of life annuity portfolios, both from a theoretical and a practical point of view, because of the growing importance of annuity benefits paid by private pension schemes. In particular, the progressive shift from defined benefit to defined contribution pension schemes has increased the interest in life annuities with a guaranteed annual amount. This book provides a comprehensive and detailed description of methods for projecting mortality, and an extensive introduction to some important issues concerning longevity risk in the area of life annuities and pension benefits. It relies on research work carried out by the authors, as well as on a wide teaching experience and in CPD (Continuing Professional Development) initiatives. The following topics are dealt with: life annuities in the framework of post-retirement income strategies; the basic mortality model; recent mortality trends that have been experienced; general features of projection models; discussion of stochastic projection models, with numerical illustrations; measuring and managing longevity risk.

The Impact of Income on Mortality

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Impact of Income on Mortality by : Stephen E. Snyder

Download or read book The Impact of Income on Mortality written by Stephen E. Snyder and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is widespread and longstanding agreement that life expectancy and income are positively correlated. However, it has proven much more difficult to establish a causal relationship since income and health are jointly determined. We use a major change in the Social Security law as exogenous variation in income to examine the impact of income on mortality in an elderly population. The legislation created a notch' in Social Security benefits based upon date of birth; those born before January 1, 1917 generally receive higher benefits than those born afterwards. We compare mortality rates after age 65 for males born in the second half of 1916 and the first half of 1917. Data from restricted-use versions of the National Mortality Detail File combined with Census data allows us to count all deaths among elderly Americans between 1979 and 1993. We find that the higher income group has a statistically significantly higher mortality rate, contradicting the previous literature. We also find that the younger cohort responded to lower incomes by increasing post-retirement work effort. These results suggest that moderate employment has beneficial health effects for the elderly.

The SAGE Handbook of Social Gerontology

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Author :
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1412934648
Total Pages : 713 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis The SAGE Handbook of Social Gerontology by : Dale Dannefer

Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Social Gerontology written by Dale Dannefer and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reflects the emergence of ageing as a global concern, including chapters by international scholars from Asia, Australasia, Europe and North America. It provides a comprehensive overview of key trends and issues in the field, drawing upon the full range of social science disciplines. The Handbook is organized into five parts, each exploring different aspects of research into social aspects of ageing: * Disciplinary overviews: summaries of findings from key disciplinary areas within social gerontology * Social relationships and social differences: topics include: social inequality, gender and ageing, the role of religion, inter-generational ties, social networks, and friendships in later life. * Individual characteristics and change in later life: chapters in this section examine different aspects of individual aging, including self and identity, cognitive processes, and biosocial interactions and their impact on physical and psychological aging. * Comparative perspectives and cultural innovations: topics in this section include: ageing and development, ageing in a global context, migration, and cross-cultural perspectives on grandparenthood. * Policy issues: The final section examines some of the main policy concerns affecting older people across the world. Topics include: developments in social policy, long-term care, technology and older people, end of life issues, work and retirement, crime and older people, and the politics of old age. This will be essential reading for all students, researchers and policy-makers concerned with the major issues influencing the lives of older people across the globe.

Paychecks and Playchecks

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780984217380
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Paychecks and Playchecks by : Tom Hegna

Download or read book Paychecks and Playchecks written by Tom Hegna and published by . This book was released on 2011-12-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Paychecks and playchecks is a guide for retirement that is built for uncertain markets like the one we are in today. The strategy is a mathematically and scientifically proven approach that will enable you to create a secure retirement, no matter how long you live."--Page 4 of cover.

The Public Economics of Changing Longevity

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009187082
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Public Economics of Changing Longevity by : Pierre Pestieau

Download or read book The Public Economics of Changing Longevity written by Pierre Pestieau and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-10 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our societies are witnessing a steady increase in longevity. This demographic evolution is accompanied by some convergence across countries, but at the same time substantial longevity inequalities persist within nations across income classes. This Element aims to survey some crucial implications of changing longevity on the design of optimal public policy. For that purpose, it first focuses on some difficulties raised by risky and varying lifetime for the representation of individual and social preferences. Then, it explore some central implications of changing longevity for optimal policy making, regarding prevention against premature death, pension policies, education, health care and long-term care. The author distinguishes between the case when longevity is partially the responsibility of individuals and the case when longevity is plainly exogenous.

The Empirical Relationship Between Lifetime Earnings and Mortality

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The Empirical Relationship Between Lifetime Earnings and Mortality by : Julian P. Cristia

Download or read book The Empirical Relationship Between Lifetime Earnings and Mortality written by Julian P. Cristia and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: