Morality And Universality

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Moral Universalism and Pluralism

Author : Melissa S. Williams
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 0814777201
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (147 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Universalism and Pluralism by : Melissa S. Williams

Download or read book Moral Universalism and Pluralism written by Melissa S. Williams and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2008-10-01 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moral universalism, or the idea that some system of ethics applies to all people regardless of race, color, nationality, religion, or culture, must have a plurality over which to range — a plurality of diverse persons, nations, jurisdictions, or localities over which morality asserts a universal authority. The contributors to Moral Universalism and Pluralism, the latest volume in the NOMOS series, investigate the idea that, far from denying the existence of such pluralities, moral universalism presupposes it. At the same time, the search for universally valid principles of morality is deeply challenged by diversity. The fact of pluralism presses us to explore how universalist principles interact with ethical, political, and social particularisms. These important essays refuse the answer that particularisms should simply be made to conform to universal principles, as if morality were a mold into which the diverse matter of human society and culture could be pressed. Rather, the authors bring philosophical, legal and political perspectives to bear on the core questions: Which forms of pluralism are conceptually compatible with moral universalism, and which ones can be accommodated in a politically stable way? Can pluralism generate innovations in understandings of moral duty? How is convergence on the validity of legal and moral authority possible in circumstances of pluralism? As the contributors to the book demonstrate in a wide variety of ways, these normative, conceptual, and political questions deeply intertwine. Contributors: Kenneth Baynes, William A. Galston, Barbara Herman, F. M. Kamm, Benedict Kingsbury, Frank I. Michelman, William E. Scheuerman, Gopal Sreenivasan, Daniel Weinstock, and Robin West.

Morality and Universality

Author : N.T. Potter
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9400952856
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Morality and Universality by : N.T. Potter

Download or read book Morality and Universality written by N.T. Potter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past 25 years or so, the issue of ethical universalizability has figured prominently in theoretical as well as practical ethics. The term, 'universaliz ability' used in connection with ethical considerations, was apparently first introduced in the mid-1950s by R. M. Hare to refer to what he characterized as a logical thesis about certain sorts of evaluative sentences (Hare, 1955). The term has since been used to cover a broad variety of ethical considerations including those associated with the ideas of impartiality, consistency, justice, equality, and reversibility as well as those raised in the familar questions: 'What if everyone did that?' and 'How would you like it if someone did that to you? But this recent effloresence of the use of the term 'universalizability' is something that has deep historical roots, and has been central in various forms to the thinking about morality of some of the greatest and most influential philosophers in the western tradition. While the term is relatively new, the ideas it is now used to express have a long history. Most of these ideas and questions have been or can be formulated into a principle to be discussed, criticized, or defended. As we discuss these ideas below this prin ciple will be stated on a separate numbered line. The concepts of justice and equality were closely linked in Greek thought. These connections between these two concepts are apparent even in two authors who were hostile to the connection, Plato and Aristotle.

Dictionary of Global Bioethics

Author : Henk ten Have
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030541614
Total Pages : 1063 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Dictionary of Global Bioethics by : Henk ten Have

Download or read book Dictionary of Global Bioethics written by Henk ten Have and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-26 with total page 1063 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Dictionary presents a broad range of topics relevant in present-day global bioethics. With more than 500 entries, this dictionary covers organizations working in the field of global bioethics, international documents concerning bioethics, personalities that have played a role in the development of global bioethics, as well as specific topics in the field.The book is not only useful for students and professionals in global health activities, but can also serve as a basic tool that explains relevant ethical notions and terms. The dictionary furthers the ideals of cosmopolitanism: solidarity, equality, respect for difference and concern with what human beings- and specifically patients - have in common, regardless of their backgrounds, hometowns, religions, gender, etc. Global problems such as pandemic diseases, disasters, lack of care and medication, homelessness and displacement call for global responses.This book demonstrates that a moral vision of global health is necessary and it helps to quickly understand the basic ideas of global bioethics.

Moral Minds

Author : Marc D. Hauser
Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 0061864781
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (618 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Minds by : Marc D. Hauser

Download or read book Moral Minds written by Marc D. Hauser and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2009-10-13 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Harvard scientist illuminates the biological basis for human morality in this groundbreaking book. With the diversity of moral attitudes found across cultures around the globe, it is easy to assume that moral perspectives are socially developed—a matter of nurture rather than nature. But in Moral Minds, Marc Hauser presents compelling evidence to the contrary, and offers a revolutionary new theory: that humans have evolved a universal moral instinct. Hauser argues that certain biologically innate moral principles propel us toward judgments of right and wrong independent of gender, education, and religion. Combining his cutting-edge research with the latest findings in cognitive psychology, linguistics, neuroscience, evolutionary biology, economics, and anthropology, Hauser explores the startling implications of his provocative theory vis-à-vis contemporary bioethics, religion, the law, and our everyday lives.

Natural Moralities

Author : David B Wong
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199724849
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Natural Moralities by : David B Wong

Download or read book Natural Moralities written by David B Wong and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2009-03-03 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, David B. Wong defends an ambitious and important new version of moral relativism. He does not espouse the type of relativism that says anything goes, but he does start with a relativist stance against alternative theories such that there need not be only one universal truth. Wong proposes that there can be a plurality of true moralities existing across different traditions and cultures, all with one core human question as to how we can all live together.

Communication Ethics and Universal Values

Author : Clifford G. Christians
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 0761905855
Total Pages : 403 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (619 download)

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Book Synopsis Communication Ethics and Universal Values by : Clifford G. Christians

Download or read book Communication Ethics and Universal Values written by Clifford G. Christians and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1997-01-28 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is designed to revolutionize the field of communication by identifying a broad ethical theory which transcends the world of mass media practice to reveal a more humane and responsible code of values. The contributors defend the possibility of universal moral imperatives such as justice, reciprocity and human dignity.

The Evolution of Morality

Author : Richard Joyce
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262263254
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis The Evolution of Morality by : Richard Joyce

Download or read book The Evolution of Morality written by Richard Joyce and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007-08-24 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moral thinking pervades our practical lives, but where did this way of thinking come from, and what purpose does it serve? Is it to be explained by environmental pressures on our ancestors a million years ago, or is it a cultural invention of more recent origin? In The Evolution of Morality, Richard Joyce takes up these controversial questions, finding that the evidence supports an innate basis to human morality. As a moral philosopher, Joyce is interested in whether any implications follow from this hypothesis. Might the fact that the human brain has been biologically prepared by natural selection to engage in moral judgment serve in some sense to vindicate this way of thinking—staving off the threat of moral skepticism, or even undergirding some version of moral realism? Or if morality has an adaptive explanation in genetic terms—if it is, as Joyce writes, "just something that helped our ancestors make more babies"—might such an explanation actually undermine morality's central role in our lives? He carefully examines both the evolutionary "vindication of morality" and the evolutionary "debunking of morality," considering the skeptical view more seriously than have others who have treated the subject. Interdisciplinary and combining the latest results from the empirical sciences with philosophical discussion, The Evolution of Morality is one of the few books in this area written from the perspective of moral philosophy. Concise and without technical jargon, the arguments are rigorous but accessible to readers from different academic backgrounds. Joyce discusses complex issues in plain language while advocating subtle and sometimes radical views. The Evolution of Morality lays the philosophical foundations for further research into the biological understanding of human morality.

The Theory and Practice of Universal Ethics

Author : Shimon Dovid Cowen
Publisher : Institute for Judaism & Civilization, Incorporated
ISBN 13 : 9780826608437
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis The Theory and Practice of Universal Ethics by : Shimon Dovid Cowen

Download or read book The Theory and Practice of Universal Ethics written by Shimon Dovid Cowen and published by Institute for Judaism & Civilization, Incorporated. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States Congress President in 1991 endorsed a set of seven universal ethical principles, known as the Noahide Laws, as the "bedrock of society since the dawn of civilization" and as values "upon which our great nation was founded." Associated with the name of Noah, with whom this moral code was completed, practised by Abraham and reiterated at Sinai, these principles constitute the root ethical code of humanity. At a time of great moral and social drift, when both individuals and legislators seek an objective and universal moral compass, these timeless laws have a special relevance and a unifying resonance over different cultures, societies and traditions.The first part of this book sets out the idea or theory of the Noahide laws - from spiritual, philosophical, psychological, social and political perspectives. Various of its contents have already been before leaders, including international statesmen (whose letters are included here), who have responded with encouragement for their study and dissemination.The second part of the book presents the concrete conduct or practice of the Noahide laws. This precise task proceeds from extensive research into the Tradition of commentary on the Revelation at Sinai, of which the Noahide laws (already previously the moral covenant of humanity, but which were authoritively restated at Sinai) form a part. The way the Noahide Laws in their detail structure the ethical conduct of the major domains of human existence is set out clearly for the general reader; and with extensive footnotes and references for those seeking further study.

Moral Perception and Particularity

Author : Lawrence A. Blum
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521436199
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (361 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Perception and Particularity by : Lawrence A. Blum

Download or read book Moral Perception and Particularity written by Lawrence A. Blum and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-01-28 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of Laurence Blum's essays examines the moral import of emotion, motivation, judgement, perception, and group identifications.

The Oxford Handbook of the Quality of Government

Author : Andreas Bågenholm
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191899003
Total Pages : 881 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (918 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Quality of Government by : Andreas Bågenholm

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Quality of Government written by Andreas Bågenholm and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-20 with total page 881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent research demonstrates that the quality of public institutions is crucial for a number of important environmental, social, economic, and political outcomes, and thereby human well-being. The Quality of Government (QoG) approach directs attention to issues such as impartiality in the exercise of public power, professionalism in public service delivery, effective measures against corruption, and meritocracy instead of patronage and nepotism. This Handbook offers a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of this rapidly expanding research field and also identifies viable avenues for future research. The initial chapters focus on theoretical approaches and debates, and the central question of how QoG can be measured. A second set of chapters examines the wealth of empirical research on how QoG relates to democratization, social trust and cohesion, ethnic diversity, happiness and human wellbeing, democratic accountability, economic growth and inequality, political legitimacy, environmental sustainability, gender equality, and the outbreak of civil conflicts. The remaining chapters turn to the perennial issue of which contextual factors and policy approaches—national, local, and international—have proven successful (and not so successful) for increasing QoG. The Quality of Government approach both challenges and complements important strands of inquiry in the social sciences. For research about democratization, QoG adds the importance of taking state capacity into account. For economics, the QoG approach shows that in order to produce economic prosperity, markets need to be embedded in institutions with a certain set of qualities. For development studies, QoG emphasizes that issues relating to corruption are integral to understanding development writ large.

Between Universalism and Skepticism

Author : Michael Philips
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195086465
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Between Universalism and Skepticism by : Michael Philips

Download or read book Between Universalism and Skepticism written by Michael Philips and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1994 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: He goes on to criticize major recent attempts to develop nonuniversalist alternatives to skepticism, arguing that they rely on excessively abstract and philosophically indefensible preference satisfaction theories of the good.

Kant's Search for the Supreme Principle of Morality

Author : Samuel J. Kerstein
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139434195
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Kant's Search for the Supreme Principle of Morality by : Samuel J. Kerstein

Download or read book Kant's Search for the Supreme Principle of Morality written by Samuel J. Kerstein and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-05-02 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the core of Kant's ethics lies the claim that if there is a supreme principle of morality then it cannot be a principle based on utilitarianism or Aristotelian perfectionism or the Ten Commandments. The only viable candidate for such a principle is the categorical imperative. This book is the most detailed investigation of this claim. It constructs a new, criterial reading of Kant's derivation of one version of the categorical imperative: the Formula of Universal Law. This reading shows this derivation to be far more compelling than contemporary philosophers tend to believe. It also reveals a novel approach to deriving another version of the categorical imperative, the Formula of Humanity, a principle widely considered to be the most attractive Kantian candidate for the supreme principle of morality. This book will be important not just for Kant scholars but for a broad swathe of students of philosophy.

Moral Psychology

Author : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262195615
Total Pages : 607 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (621 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Psychology by : Walter Sinnott-Armstrong

Download or read book Moral Psychology written by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1990s, many philosophers have drawn on recent advances in cognitive psychology, brain science and evolutionary psychology to inform their work. These three volumes bring together some of the most innovative work by both philosophers and psychologists in this emerging, collaboratory field.

Universality, Ethics and International Relations

Author : Véronique Pin-Fat
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135282471
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (352 download)

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Book Synopsis Universality, Ethics and International Relations by : Véronique Pin-Fat

Download or read book Universality, Ethics and International Relations written by Véronique Pin-Fat and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-10-16 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text introduces students to the key debates about ethics in international relations theory.

Moral Imagination

Author : Mark Johnson
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022622323X
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (262 download)

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Book Synopsis Moral Imagination by : Mark Johnson

Download or read book Moral Imagination written by Mark Johnson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2014-12-10 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using path-breaking discoveries of cognitive science, Mark Johnson argues that humans are fundamentally imaginative moral animals, challenging the view that morality is simply a system of universal laws dictated by reason. According to the Western moral tradition, we make ethical decisions by applying universal laws to concrete situations. But Johnson shows how research in cognitive science undermines this view and reveals that imagination has an essential role in ethical deliberation. Expanding his innovative studies of human reason in Metaphors We Live By and The Body in the Mind, Johnson provides the tools for more practical, realistic, and constructive moral reflection.

Universal Ethics and Moral Conduct

Author : Swami Vivekananda
Publisher : Advaita Ashrama (A publication branch of Ramakrishna Math, Belur Math)
ISBN 13 : 817505882X
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Universal Ethics and Moral Conduct by : Swami Vivekananda

Download or read book Universal Ethics and Moral Conduct written by Swami Vivekananda and published by Advaita Ashrama (A publication branch of Ramakrishna Math, Belur Math). This book was released on with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In these days of terrible erosion in human values, when man is guided by the deadly materialistic view of himself and the world, the role of this book is like that of a beacon light which awakens him to a new value system. Jesus had said, ‘love thy neighbours as thyself’, but why? In these pages the readers get the answer to this question. The practice of ethics and morality when based merely on religious precepts leaves the modern man with the seed of doubt in his heart as he fails to understand the rationality, behind them. Ethics need to be founded on the rock of rationality which alone can help the modern man to make them a part of his life whole-heartedly. This wonderful collection from the Works of Swami Vivekananda precisely fulfills this role.

Everyone Agrees

Author : Jsb Morse
Publisher : Code Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781600200441
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Everyone Agrees by : Jsb Morse

Download or read book Everyone Agrees written by Jsb Morse and published by Code Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do atheists and believers argue for hours without first defining "God?" Why do people describe Nazis and Soviets in exactly the same way yet place them on opposite ends of the political spectrum? Why do some judge others for being judgmental? Why are some psychologists trying to disprove psychology? And how does arguing show that we really agree? In the fascinating and groundbreaking new work, "Everyone Agrees", J.S.B. Morse uncovers clues to these riddles and reveals how disagreements are merely the result of a difference in perspective of a shared "mountain of truth." Using entertaining examples from both scientific literature and pop culture, Morse breaks down the popular "us-against-them" and morally relative mentalities, proving that everyone really does agree, even when it comes to such hot-button issues as politics, religion, and the NFL's best quarterback. "Everyone Agrees" offers an introduction to the theory of concurrence, a unique take on human behavior which places logic (or simple common sense) at the heart of a universal morality. With the same accessible style and penetrating insight found in Morse's first two books, "The Evolution Diet" and "How To Take Advantage of the People Who Are Trying to Take Advantage of You", "Everyone Agrees" provides an entirely new perspective on perspective itself.