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Monte Carlo Simulations For Dosimetry And Treatment Planning In Hadron Therapy
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Book Synopsis Monte Carlo Simulations for Dosimetry and Treatment Planning in Hadron Therapy by : Katrin Henkner
Download or read book Monte Carlo Simulations for Dosimetry and Treatment Planning in Hadron Therapy written by Katrin Henkner and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To benefit from high dose conformity in proton and heavy ion radiotherapy, dosimetry and treatment planning have to be improved. Clinically, dose distributions are calculated with analytical algorithms in water. In contrast, Monte Carlo (MC) hadron transport codes calculate ranges and dose distributions according to the real composition of the media taking into account nuclear and electromagnetic interactions in inhomogeneous media. In this work SHIELD-HIT is used to study the accuracy of analytical model in a comparison to MC absorbed dose and range calculations and to determine scaling methods. The I-value of water is revised from newly experimental Bragg peak and its influence on the water-to-air stopping power ratio is studied. Considerable improvements in depth-dose curve and differential cross section calculations are achieved by adjusting SHIELD-HIT results to measured data. An estimation on MC program specific model implementations is determined in a comparison to two other codes used in heavy ion therapy. Furthermore, preliminary data of the dose from secondary neutrons in human phantom geometries in the brain region is shown.
Book Synopsis Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy by : Joao Seco
Download or read book Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy written by Joao Seco and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern cancer treatment relies on Monte Carlo simulations to help radiotherapists and clinical physicists better understand and compute radiation dose from imaging devices as well as exploit four-dimensional imaging data. With Monte Carlo-based treatment planning tools now available from commercial vendors, a complete transition to Monte Carlo-base
Book Synopsis Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy by : Joao Seco
Download or read book Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy written by Joao Seco and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly updated throughout, this second edition of Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy: Applications to Dosimetry, Imaging, and Preclinical Radiotherapy, edited by Joao Seco and Frank Verhaegen, explores the use of Monte Carlo methods for modelling various features of internal and external radiation sources. Monte Carlo methods have been heavily used in the field of radiation therapy in applications such as dosimetry, imaging, radiation chemistry, modelling of small animal irradiation units, etc. The aim of this book is to provide a compendium of the Monte Carlo methods that are commonly used in radiation therapy applications, which will allow students, postdoctoral fellows, and university professors to learn and teach Monte Carlo techniques. This book provides concise but detailed information about many Monte Carlo applications that cannot be found in any other didactic or scientific book. This second edition contains many new chapters on topics such as: Monte Carlo studies of prompt gamma emission Developments in proton imaging Monte Carlo for cone beam CT imaging Monte Carlo modelling of proton beams for small animal irradiation Monte Carlo studies of microbeam radiation therapy Monte Carlo in micro- and nano-dosimetry GPU-based fast Monte Carlo simulations for radiotherapy This book is primarily aimed at students and scientists wishing to learn and improve their knowledge of Monte Carlo methods in radiation therapy.
Book Synopsis Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy by : Frank Verhaegen
Download or read book Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy written by Frank Verhaegen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-10-13 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About ten years after the first edition comes this second edition of Monte Carlo Techniques in Radiation Therapy: Introduction, Source Modelling, and Patient Dose Calculations, thoroughly updated and extended with the latest topics, edited by Frank Verhaegen and Joao Seco. This book aims to provide a brief introduction to the history and basics of Monte Carlo simulation, but again has a strong focus on applications in radiotherapy. Since the first edition, Monte Carlo simulation has found many new applications, which are included in detail. The applications sections in this book cover the following: Modelling transport of photons, electrons, protons, and ions Modelling radiation sources for external beam radiotherapy Modelling radiation sources for brachytherapy Design of radiation sources Modelling dynamic beam delivery Patient dose calculations in external beam radiotherapy Patient dose calculations in brachytherapy Use of artificial intelligence in Monte Carlo simulations This book is intended for both students and professionals, both novice and experienced, in medical radiotherapy physics. It combines overviews of development, methods, and references to facilitate Monte Carlo studies.
Book Synopsis Therapeutic Applications of Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine by : H. Zaidi
Download or read book Therapeutic Applications of Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine written by H. Zaidi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-09-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Therapeutic Applications of Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine examines the applications of Monte Carlo (MC) calculations in therapeutic nuclear medicine, from basic principles to computer implementations of software packages and their applications in radiation dosimetry and treatment planning. With chapters written by recognized authorit
Book Synopsis Monte Carlo in Heavy Charged Particle Therapy by : Pablo Cirrone
Download or read book Monte Carlo in Heavy Charged Particle Therapy written by Pablo Cirrone and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-11-08 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the current difficulties and unsolved problems in the field of particle therapy and, after analysing them, discusses how (and if) innovative Monte Carlo approaches can be used to solve them. Each book chapter is dedicated to a different sub-discipline, including multi-ion treatments, flash-radiotherapy, laser-accelerated beams, nanoparticles effects, binary reactions to enhance radiobiology, and space-related issues. This is the first book able to provide a comprehensive insight into this exciting field and the growing use of Monte Carlo in medical physics. It will be of interest to graduate students in medicine and medical physics, in addition to researchers and clinical staff. Key Features: Explores the exciting and interdisciplinary topic of Monte Carlo in particle therapy and medicine. Addresses common challenges in the field. Edited by an authority on the subject, with chapter contributions from specialists. Pablo Cirrone is a medical physicist and researcher at the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud of INFN, Italy, where he supports and coordinates various experimental groups. Dr. Cirrone is an expert in the use of proton and ion in radiation treatment and of absolute and relative dosimetry in electron, photon and ion beam. He is an expert in the development and test of detectors for medical applications, of the production and use of laser-driven beams for medical and multidisciplinary applications and recipient of the Michael Gotein Award. He is active on many scientific committees and organizes national and international conferences. Giada Petringa is a researcher at the Laboratori Nazionali del Sud of INFN, Italy. Dr. Petringa has a professional experience in the field of Monte Carlo simulations for medical applications, dosimetry, microdosimetry, and diagnostics with conventional and laser-driven proton beams. In 2019 she had a MSCA-IF-2019 (Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions-Individual Fellowship) grant funded by the European Community in the framework of the H2020 program. She is a member of the Editorial Board of the international journal Physica Medica - European Journal of Medical. She organized more than fifteen international Geant4 Schools. She is an official member of the Geant4 code Collaboration at CERN since 2019. She is a code developer, and she collaborates to maintain two of the official examples of the code.
Book Synopsis Proton Therapy Physics by : Harald Paganetti
Download or read book Proton Therapy Physics written by Harald Paganetti and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 691 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proton Therapy Physics goes beyond current books on proton therapy to provide an in-depth overview of the physics aspects of this radiation therapy modality, eliminating the need to dig through information scattered in the medical physics literature. After tracing the history of proton therapy, the book summarizes the atomic and nuclear physics background necessary for understanding proton interactions with tissue. It describes the physics of proton accelerators, the parameters of clinical proton beams, and the mechanisms to generate a conformal dose distribution in a patient. The text then covers detector systems and measuring techniques for reference dosimetry, outlines basic quality assurance and commissioning guidelines, and gives examples of Monte Carlo simulations in proton therapy. The book moves on to discussions of treatment planning for single- and multiple-field uniform doses, dose calculation concepts and algorithms, and precision and uncertainties for nonmoving and moving targets. It also examines computerized treatment plan optimization, methods for in vivo dose or beam range verification, the safety of patients and operating personnel, and the biological implications of using protons from a physics perspective. The final chapter illustrates the use of risk models for common tissue complications in treatment optimization. Along with exploring quality assurance issues and biological considerations, this practical guide collects the latest clinical studies on the use of protons in treatment planning and radiation monitoring. Suitable for both newcomers in medical physics and more seasoned specialists in radiation oncology, the book helps readers understand the uncertainties and limitations of precisely shaped dose distribution.
Book Synopsis Hadron Therapy Physics and Simulations by : Marcos d’Ávila Nunes
Download or read book Hadron Therapy Physics and Simulations written by Marcos d’Ávila Nunes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brief provides an in-depth overview of the physics of hadron therapy, ranging from the history to the latest contributions to the subject. It covers the mechanisms of protons and carbon ions at the molecular level (DNA breaks and proteins 53BP1 and RPA), the physics and mathematics of accelerators (Cyclotron and Synchrotron), microdosimetry measurements (with new results so far achieved), and Monte Carlo simulations in hadron therapy using FLUKA (CERN) and MCHIT (FIAS) software. The text also includes information about proton therapy centers and carbon ion centers (PTCOG), as well as a comparison and discussion of both techniques in treatment planning and radiation monitoring. This brief is suitable for newcomers to medical physics as well as seasoned specialists in radiation oncology.
Book Synopsis Development of a Monte Carlo Simulation Method for the Evaluation of Dose Distribution Calculations of Radiotherapy Treatment Planning Systems by : Frederik Carl Philippus Du Plessis
Download or read book Development of a Monte Carlo Simulation Method for the Evaluation of Dose Distribution Calculations of Radiotherapy Treatment Planning Systems written by Frederik Carl Philippus Du Plessis and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Monte Carlo Simulation of Active Scanning Proton Therapy System with Gate/Geant4 by : Loïc Grevillot
Download or read book Monte Carlo Simulation of Active Scanning Proton Therapy System with Gate/Geant4 written by Loïc Grevillot and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hadron Therapy is an advanced radiotherapy technique for cancer treatment. It offers a better irradiation ballistic than conventional techniques and therefore requires appropriate quality assurance procedures. In this work, we upgraded the GEANT4-based GATE Monte Carlo platform in order to recalculate the TPS dose distributions in view of further benchmarking. In a first step, we selected an appropriate simulation environment (physics models and parameters) in order to produce accurate and efficient simulations. GATE simulations were validated using measurements and other Monte Carlo codes for depth-dose and transverse profiles. While a good agreement was found for depth-dose profiles, larger discrepancies were pointed out for transverse profiles. In a second step, we developed a modeling method to simulate active scanning beam delivery systems, which does not require to simulate the components of the treatment nozzle. The method has been successfully applied to an IBA proton therapy system and validated against measurements for complex treatment plans. Interfaces have also been developed in order to link DICOM RT ION PLAN and DICOM RT DOSE with GATE. Finally, we compared in a third step the TPS and Monte Carlo dose distributions in homogeneous and heterogeneous configurations. The beam models of both dose engines were in satisfactory agreement, allowing further evaluation of clinical treatment plans. A two-field prostate plan has been evaluated, showing a satisfactory agreement between the TPS and Monte Carlo, and demonstrating the novel capabilities of the platform for the evaluation of the TPS. To summarize, we selected an appropriate simulation environment for proton therapy, proposed a modeling method for active scanning systems and presented a method to compare the TPS and Monte Carlo dose distributions. All tools developed in GATE were or will be publicly released. A detailed validation stage of the system including absolute dosimetry is still necessary, in order to quantitatively evaluate its accuracy in various homogeneous and heterogeneous configurations. In this thesis, we have demonstrated that the GATE Monte Carlo platform is a good candidate for the simulation of active scanning delivery systems, allowing further TPS benchmarking. Moreover, the GATE platform also handles imaging applications, such as PET or prompt-gamma imaging towards online treatment monitoring and paves the way of interdisciplinary research advances.
Book Synopsis Proton Therapy Physics, Second Edition by : Harald Paganetti
Download or read book Proton Therapy Physics, Second Edition written by Harald Paganetti and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-11-19 with total page 917 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanding on the highly successful first edition, this second edition of Proton Therapy Physics has been completely restructured and updated throughout, and includes several new chapters. Suitable for both newcomers in medical physics and more seasoned specialists in radiation oncology, this book provides an in-depth overview of the physics of this radiation therapy modality, eliminating the need to dig through information scattered across medical physics literature. After tracing the history of proton therapy, the book explores the atomic and nuclear physics background necessary for understanding proton interactions with tissue. The text then covers dosimetry, including beam delivery, shielding aspects, computer simulations, detector systems and measuring techniques for reference dosimetry. Important for daily operations, acceptance testing, commissioning, quality assurance and monitor unit calibrations are outlined. The book moves on to discussions of treatment planning for single- and multiple-field uniform doses, dose calculation concepts and algorithms, and precision and uncertainties for nonmoving and moving targets. Imaging for treatment guidance as well as treatment monitoring is outlined. Finally, the biological implications of using protons from a physics perspective are discussed. This book is an ideal practical guide for physicians, dosimetrists, radiation therapists, and physicists who already have some experience in radiation oncology. It is also an invaluable reference for graduate students in medical physics programs, physicians in their last year of medical school or residency, and those considering a career in medical physics. Features: Updated with the latest technologies and methods in the field, covering all delivery methods of proton therapy, including beam scanning and passive scattering Discusses clinical aspects, such as treatment planning and quality assurance Offers insight on the past, present, and future of proton therapy from a physics perspective
Book Synopsis Monte Carlo Modeling and Dosimetry of a Dynamic Collimation System for Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Radiotherapy by : Nicholas Pierre Nelson
Download or read book Monte Carlo Modeling and Dosimetry of a Dynamic Collimation System for Pencil Beam Scanning Proton Radiotherapy written by Nicholas Pierre Nelson and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamically collimated proton therapy (DC-PT) is a derived form of pencil beam scanning proton therapy (PBS-PT) and is gaining interest in the field of radiation therapy. In pencil beam scanning, near-monoenergetic beamlets of protons are magnetically swept across target volumes in successive energy layers at depths dictated by the Bragg peak depth. The achievable dosimetric benefits associated with PBS are largely dependent on pencil beam width, which can be reduced through collimation. Therefore, a Dynamic Collimation System (DCS) was proposed by Hyer et al. in 2014 to enable energy layer-specific collimation in PBS-PT, or DC-PT. This work focuses on the development and validation of the dosimetric benefits proposed by the DCS through Monte Carlo methods and experimental techniques using the clinical prototype of the DCS equipped to the PBS-PT system located at the Miami Cancer Institute (MCI). First, a Monte Carlo beam model was developed using uncollimated beam measurements performed at MCI. This uncollimated beam model was then extended to include the beam-modifying components of the DCS and subsequently validated against measurements of DCS-collimated beamlets. Additionally, the model of DCS' accessory range shifter, which is required to treat at depths below 4 cm in water, was validated in terms of water equivalent thickness and spot size broadening. Novel beam and DCS modeling techniques that were necessitated by the focused design of the DCS trimmers were developed to achieve excellent agreement with experimental data. Collimated beamlet measurements consisting of integral depth dose curves and two-dimensional profiles were used to verify the increase in entrance dose and sharpened penumbra caused by collimation, respectively. Following the development of the Monte Carlo model, simple and complex treatment plans were developed to characterize the dosimetric benefits of the DCS and mechanically integrate the DCS with the PBS beamline at MCI. The treatment plans consisted of cubic target geometries that were treated with multiple energy layers, where reductions in penumbra were parametrized as a function of treatment depth, lateral field size, and trimmer-to-surface distance. Through this, it was found that the achievable penumbra with the DCS was independent of the lateral field size, and for non-range shifted plans, the trimmer-to-surface distance. For range shifted plans, increases in the trimmer-to-surface distance were found to directly reduce the achievable penumbra. Penumbra reductions of up to 64% were observed at a depth of 5 cm with the use of the DCS. The cubic plans allowed for an idealized geometry that was favorable to facilitate initial investigations into treatment plan creation and optimization. Additionally, the multi-energy cubic plans did not require integration between the DCS trimmers and beam scanning controller, which was not available at the time. Because of this, the trimmers and beam delivery were operated independently, and trimmers were moved in between energy layers. Optimized plan parameters were written to PBS layer definition files for delivery and measurements were performed using radiochromic film and an ionization chamber array to validate simulations. Treatment plans for clinically relevant target geometries were then developed following the successful characterization of the cubic plans. These plans significantly differed from the cubic plans in that they required the trimmers to move on a spot-by-spot basis, which is the expected clinical delivery scenario. To accomplish this, treatment planning methods that were used for the cubic plans were extended to support treatment planning for clinically relevant delivery patterns, where trimmer configurations were strategically selected to yield the most efficient and conformal treatments. Treatment plans were created for multiple target shapes placed at various depths that were treated with and without the range shifter. Normal tissue rinds, which are a region of expansion into the healthy tissue surrounding the target, were evaluated to gauge the effectiveness of collimation. Through this, dose reductions of up to 12% and 45% were observed within 10- and 30-mm normal tissue rinds. Subsequent measurements were then carried out for one of the target shapes at three depths. To accomplish delivery, the DCS trimmer control system was integrated with the beam scanning controller system to move the trimmers on a spot-by-spot basis. Measurements were then performed to provide insight into the accuracy of the fully integrated delivery and validity of the simulated normal tissue dose reductions. This work presents a significant advancement in the development of the DCS technology. Prior to this work, literature supporting the use of the DCS primarily consisted of computational treatment planning studies and experimental studies of single beamlet irradiations. These contributions were invaluable to the continued interest in the development of the DCS and ultimately led to the design and fabrication of a clinical DCS prototype with intentions for integration with a clinical delivery system. Therefore, this work builds upon the existing literature by providing the first experimental evidence that demonstrates the dosimetric benefits of the DCS for composite treatment fields. Additionally, the methods utilized in this work have been applied to other aspects of the DCS implementation, such as the development of dose calculation algorithms and the establishment of mechanical tolerances. In conclusion, the Dynamic Collimation System significantly improves the lateral dose conformity in PBS-PT. The utility of DC-PT delivered with the DCS has been thoroughly demonstrated through computational and experimental studies. Now fully integrated with a clinical delivery system, the DCS is quickly advancing toward clinical use. This dissertation has provided the first experimental data supporting the effectiveness of DC-PT with the DCS and other aspects of the DCS implementation that will contribute to safe and effective clinical use.
Book Synopsis Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine by : Habib Zaidi
Download or read book Monte Carlo Calculations in Nuclear Medicine written by Habib Zaidi and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hadron Therapy Physics and Simulations by : Marcos d'Ávila Nunes
Download or read book Hadron Therapy Physics and Simulations written by Marcos d'Ávila Nunes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-02 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brief provides an in-depth overview of the physics of hadron therapy, ranging from the history to the latest contributions to the subject. It covers the mechanisms of protons and carbon ions at the molecular level (DNA breaks and proteins 53BP1 and RPA), the physics and mathematics of accelerators (Cyclotron and Synchrotron), microdosimetry measurements (with new results so far achieved), and Monte Carlo simulations in hadron therapy using FLUKA (CERN) and MCHIT (FIAS) software. The text also includes information about proton therapy centers and carbon ion centers (PTCOG), as well as a comparison and discussion of both techniques in treatment planning and radiation monitoring. This brief is suitable for newcomers to medical physics as well as seasoned specialists in radiation oncology.
Book Synopsis Application of Monte Carlo Simulations to the Development of Energy- and Intensity-modulated Electron Beam Radiation Therapy by : Michael C. Lee
Download or read book Application of Monte Carlo Simulations to the Development of Energy- and Intensity-modulated Electron Beam Radiation Therapy written by Michael C. Lee and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proton and Carbon Ion Therapy by : C-M Charlie Ma
Download or read book Proton and Carbon Ion Therapy written by C-M Charlie Ma and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-10-09 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proton and Carbon Ion Therapy is an up-to-date guide to using proton and carbon ion therapy in modern cancer treatment. The book covers the physics and radiobiology basics of proton and ion beams, dosimetry methods and radiation measurements, and treatment delivery systems. It gives practical guidance on patient setup, target localization, and treatment planning for clinical proton and carbon ion therapy. The text also offers detailed reports on the treatment of pediatric cancers, lymphomas, and various other cancers. After an overview, the book focuses on the fundamental aspects of proton and carbon ion therapy equipment, including accelerators, gantries, and delivery systems. It then discusses dosimetry, biology, imaging, and treatment planning basics and provides clinical guidelines on the use of proton and carbon ion therapy for the treatment of specific cancers. Suitable for anyone involved with medical physics and radiation therapy, this book offers a balanced and critical assessment of state-of-the-art technologies, major challenges, and the future outlook of proton and carbon ion therapy. It presents a thorough introduction for those new to the field while providing a helpful, up-to-date reference for readers already using the therapy in clinical settings.
Book Synopsis Radiation Therapy Dosimetry by : Arash Darafsheh
Download or read book Radiation Therapy Dosimetry written by Arash Darafsheh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-03-08 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive book covers the everyday use and underlying principles of radiation dosimeters used in radiation oncology clinics. It provides an up-to-date reference spanning the full range of current modalities with emphasis on practical know-how. The main audience is medical physicists, radiation oncology physics residents, and medical physics graduate students. The reader gains the necessary tools for determining which detector is best for a given application. Dosimetry of cutting edge techniques from radiosurgery to MRI-guided systems to small fields and proton therapy are all addressed. Main topics include fundamentals of radiation dosimeters, brachytherapy and external beam radiation therapy dosimetry, and dosimetry of imaging modalities. Comprised of 30 chapters authored by leading experts in the medical physics community, the book: Covers the basic principles and practical use of radiation dosimeters in radiation oncology clinics across the full range of current modalities. Focuses on providing practical guidance for those using these detectors in the clinic. Explains which detector is more suitable for a particular application. Discusses the state of the art in radiotherapy approaches, from radiosurgery and MR-guided systems to advanced range verification techniques in proton therapy. Gives critical comparisons of dosimeters for photon, electron, and proton therapies.
