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Download or read book Mongolia, Investment Environment and Opportunities written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : IBP, Inc.
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 1577515986
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (775 download)
Download or read book Mongolia Investment and Business Guide Volume 1 Strategic and Practical Information written by IBP, Inc. and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mongolia Investment and Business Guide Volume 2 Business, Investment Opportunities and Incentives
Author : IBP USA
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 1438768257
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (387 download)
Download or read book Mongolia Investment and Business Guide Volume 1 Strategic and Practical Information written by IBP USA and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2011 Updated Reprint. Updated Annually. Mongolia Investment and Business Guide
Author : Shagdaryn U̇nėntȯgs
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (98 download)
Download or read book The Legal Environment for Foreign Direct Investment in Mongolia written by Shagdaryn U̇nėntȯgs and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Foreign direct investment plays an important role in development. It can provide a host country with access to technology transfer, product, development skills and financing and new marketing channels. With the advent of globalization and strong legal policy support, foreign investment has helped the Mongolian economy grow tremendously. In recent years, the mineral price keeps rising in the world market causing the Mongolian mining sector to develop rapidly so that it attracts foreign and domestic investments significantly contributing to the national economic growth. Minerals have become the main source of the state budget and an opportunity to improve living standards of the people and to increase economic growth. Over the past 20 years, Mongolia has transformed itself from a socialist country to a vibrant multiparty democracy with a booming economy. Mongolia is at the threshold of a major transformation driven by the exploitation of its vast mineral resources and the share of mining in GDP today stands at 20 percent, twice the ratio of a decade ago. Due to the mining boom, Mongolia is in the group of countries with the highest growth potential over the next decades. Mongolia has rich natural resources that rank tenth in the world, has the ninth largest territory in the world and is a rapidly developing country that has more than 10 percent economic growth for the past 15 years on average. But Mongolia only has a population of 3 million people and is landlocked, bordering just two countries: Russia and China. Compared to highly populated countries it has a very small market, has an economy based on mineral resources, agriculture and energy. The rich natural resources will be a guarantee for the future of Mongolian economic development. According to the statistics from 2014, per capita GDP has grown by 12 times from 683 USD(in 2004) to 8773 USD in 2014. Additionally it attracts a lot of foreign investment, bordering country China and Russia that have big markets in the world, and has a democratic system. Mining is a key sector for the Mongolian economy. Foreign direct investment in mining supports poverty reduction, environmental protection and sustainable development. Unfortunately, this rapid growth, while extensive, may weaken in the future and the economy may easily decline so it might have no meaningful effect on the ordinary people. The key topics of this study center around core questions as to what kind of policy Mongolian government has implemented, how they have attracted the foreign investment, and what the future investment policy ought to be. This thesis focuses on the present situation of foreign investment in the mining sector, and attempts to clarify its effects on the Mongolian economy and to seek ways to improve the legal efficiency of foreign investment. Creation of stable legal and investment regimes for mining industry is a decisive factor for future development of developing countries with rich natural resource. Recent development in the mining sector has created a challenging task for Mongolia in terms of investment legal regimes for mineral exploitation including state equity participation in major mining projects that are expected to have considerable influence to the future development of the national economy. The aim of this thesis is to analyze current structure of the mining sector investment regime in Mongolia by focusing on the issue of state participation, foreign investment influence and to provide possible options to improve the current practice. This study uses a historical and empirical approach to the issues and examines existing laws and regulations from the legal points of view. Classification of mineral deposits is a decisive factor in determining how the government should participate in mineral extraction mega projects in Mongolia, and the government equity share should be reduced in order to achieve long term benefit to the country and to keep the investment sustainability. The study also underlines that clear and stable legal investment environment, effects of international investment agreements (bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and regional or plurilateral and multilateral investment treaties (MAI) etc.), investment dispute settlement mechanisms (ISDS), scope of investment rules (Most Favoured Nation (MFN) principle, National Treatment (NT), Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET), Expropriation and Compensation etc.), investment incentives and investment protection, taxation, transparency of decision making process, and information dissemination and availability of national professionals are essential to the development of the mineral resource sector in Mongolia. This thesis attempts to find answers through legal analysis. The purpose of the study is to highlight how foreign investment in the mining sector plays a role as the accelerator of Mongolian development. Foreign investment as a development accelerator of the mining sector could take many shapes. The result of foreign investment must highly contribute to the development of the country, value added, introduce innovative, high technology, and from the legal point of view the foreign investment must be protected. Finding an opportunity and way to improve Mongolia's competitiveness through a detailed legal analysis of Mongolia's foreign investment environment was the most important result of the study. The research attempts to determine factors influencing one of the positions of Mongolia in the eyes of foreign investors. This study investigates the investment climate of Mongolia as seen by foreign investors, their level of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with their investment, and factors influencing their choice of policy as an investment location.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264189602
Total Pages : 104 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (641 download)
Download or read book Investment Guides: Investment Guide for Mongolia 2000 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2000-12-07 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Investment Guide provides an overview of the conditions for foreign direct investment in Mongolia.
Author : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Investment Guide for Mongolia written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Investment Guide provides an overview of the conditions for foreign direct investment in Mongolia.
Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781530701292
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (12 download)
Download or read book Mongolia Investment Climate Statement 2015 written by United States United States Department of State and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-03-24 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mongolia is a landlocked country located in North-East Asia. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into Mongolia has trended downward since its 2011 peak of USD 4.7 billion. Overall, FDI into Mongolia fell by 85 percent from 2011 through the first quarter of 2015, with USD 644 million of FDI in 2014. Some 80 percent of FDI into Mongolia annually targets the mining sector and falling global coal and copper prices have dampened investor interest. Mongolia's elected leaders readily accept, however, that government missteps (confiscating selected mining licenses, levying a mining-specific windfall profits tax, assuming veto rights over mining company business decisions, etc.) collectively amounted to a far greater disincentive to investment; these leaders say they recognize the need to correct course. Parliament's ousting of the Democratic Party-led coalition Government in November 2014 clearly reflected a lack of confidence in the government's economic policies. In December 2014, new Prime Minister Saikhanbileg led an all-party unity government into office vowing to focus its efforts virtually exclusively on Mongolia's battered economy, to make restoration of FDI the center of those efforts, and to put the launching at long last of two FDI-fueled mining mega-projects - OyuTolgoi (copper/gold) and TavanTolgoi (coal) - at the epicenter of efforts. The new PM initially received high grades from the Mongolian public for sincerity and determination but lower grades for results. A sign that the PM and his government mean to turn that situation around was the May 18, 2015, signing of the Oyu Tolgoi Underground Mine Development and Financing Plan (Plan) by representatives of the GOM and Rio Tinto. At the signing, Prime Minister Saikhanbileg said "Mongolia is back to business" and that Oyu Tolgoi is a world-class copper-gold asset and its further development is of great economic significance for Mongolia. He boldly asserted that Mongolia had finalized a way forward with its partners that established a new and constructive relationship based on mutual trust and joint long-term commitment to Mongolia's growth. The PM's robust, public defense of the Plan before Parliament on May 22 encouraged investors' belief that GOM is fundamentally changing its attitude toward FDI. However, investors also will judge the GOM's resolve by how it treats investments beyond OT. As most Mongolian eyes focus on Parliament, international investors have an additional and serious concern - the evident willingness of Mongolian state prosecutors and other authorities to unilaterally impose exit bans on foreign business executives whose companies become involved in business-related disputes with the government or individual Mongolian citizens. The 2015 conviction and imprisonment of three mining executives (among them a U.S. citizen) suggested to investors that Mongolian courts do not fully observe principles of due process, and that foreign investors risk being coerced into settling legal disputes on disadvantageous terms. In 2014, investors told us that those willing to realistically accept the challenges of Mongolia's commodity-driven economy and rough and tumble political and judicial processes might find profitable medium- to long-term investment opportunities. Mongolia, after all, has some of the world's largest untapped mineral reserves. For U.S. investors, mining and mining-related services represent the most important and potentially remunerative sectors for long-term investment in Mongolia. Other promising sectors include infrastructure, transportation, energy, construction, healthcare, agriculture, tourism, and environmental products and services. But investor concerns about weak rule of law in Mongolia require us to heavily caveat even last year's qualified endorsement.
Author : Unentugs Shagdar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781516832514
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)
Download or read book The Legal Environment for Foreign Investment in Mongolia written by Unentugs Shagdar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781514388853
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (888 download)
Download or read book Mongolia written by United States United States Department of State and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mongolia is a landlocked country located in North-East Asia. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into Mongolia has trended downward since its 2011 peak of USD 4.7 billion. Overall, FDI into Mongolia fell by 85 percent from 2011 through the first quarter of 2015, with USD 644 million of FDI in 2014. Some 80 percent of FDI into Mongolia annually targets the mining sector and falling global coal and copper prices have dampened investor interest. Mongolia's elected leaders readily accept, however, that government missteps (confiscating selected mining licenses, levying a mining-specific windfall profits tax, assuming veto rights over mining company business decisions, etc.) collectively amounted to a far greater disincentive to investment; these leaders say they recognize the need to correct course. Parliament's ousting of the Democratic Party-led coalition Government in November 2014 clearly reflected a lack of confidence in the government's economic policies. In December 2014, new Prime Minister Saikhanbileg led an all-party unity government into office vowing to focus its efforts virtually exclusively on Mongolia's battered economy, to make restoration of FDI the center of those efforts, and to put the launching at long last of two FDI-fueled mining mega-projects - OyuTolgoi (copper/gold) and TavanTolgoi (coal) - at the epicenter of efforts. The new PM initially received high grades from the Mongolian public for sincerity and determination but lower grades for results. A sign that the PM and his government mean to turn that situation around was the May 18, 2015, signing of the Oyu Tolgoi Underground Mine Development and Financing Plan (Plan) by representatives of the GOM and Rio Tinto. At the signing, Prime Minister Saikhanbileg said "Mongolia is back to business" and that Oyu Tolgoi is a world-class copper-gold asset and its further development is of great economic significance for Mongolia. He boldly asserted that Mongolia had finalized a way forward with its partners that established a new and constructive relationship based on mutual trust and joint long-term commitment to Mongolia's growth. The PM's robust, public defense of the Plan before Parliament on May 22 encouraged investors' belief that GOM is fundamentally changing its attitude toward FDI. However, investors also will judge the GOM's resolve by how it treats investments beyond OT. As most Mongolian eyes focus on Parliament, international investors have an additional and serious concern - the evident willingness of Mongolian state prosecutors and other authorities to unilaterally impose exit bans on foreign business executives whose companies become involved in business-related disputes with the government or individual Mongolian citizens. The 2015 conviction and imprisonment of three mining executives (among them a U.S. citizen) suggested to investors that Mongolian courts do not fully observe principles of due process, and that foreign investors risk being coerced into settling legal disputes on disadvantageous terms. In 2014, investors told us that those willing to realistically accept the challenges of Mongolia's commodity-driven economy and rough and tumble political and judicial processes might find profitable medium- to long-term investment opportunities. Mongolia, after all, has some of the world's largest untapped mineral reserves. For U.S. investors, mining and mining-related services represent the most important and potentially remunerative sectors for long-term investment in Mongolia. Other promising sectors include infrastructure, transportation, energy, construction, healthcare, agriculture, tourism, and environmental products and services. But investor concerns about weak rule of law in Mongolia require us to heavily caveat even last year's qualified endorsement.
Author : Weltbank
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (931 download)
Download or read book Mongolia - Promoting Investment and Job Creation written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this report is to identify a set of concrete steps that the government of Mongolia might take to promote private-sector activity and greater integration with the global economy in a way that leads to job creation, broad-based growth and most importantly, poverty reduction. It does this by combining an assessment of the investment climate faced by firms (through analyses of firm and household surveys and supply chains in selected sectors) with a diagnostic trade integration study. The report is structured as follows. The second chapter lays out the context and background and describes some recent trends that give some indications of where things stand. This is followed in the third and fourth chapters, which constitute the core of the report, by a detailed mapping of the main aspects of the business environment and the setting for trade. The focus in these chapters is on the aspects of the business environment that most need improvement, and on the barriers to trade integration that are the most severe. The fifth chapter lays out the basic diagnosis. The sixth and seventh chapters then outline what the analysis indicates as the most important steps that need to be taken to improve the business environment and facilitate trade integration.
Author : United States United States Department of State
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781511429894
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (298 download)
Download or read book 2011 Mongolia Investment Climate Statement written by United States United States Department of State and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-03-25 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In its specific policies, laws, and general attitude, the Government of Mongolia (GOM) has tended to support foreign direct investment (FDI) in all sectors and businesses. In general, Mongolian law does not discriminate against foreign investors. Foreigners may invest with a minimum of US $100,000 cash or the equivalent value of capital material (office stock, structures, autos, etc.). In both law and practice, foreigners may own 100% of any registered business with no legal, regulatory, or administrative requirement to take on any Mongolian entity as a joint venture partner, shareholder, or agent. Mongolia pre-screens neither investments nor investors, except in terms of the legality of the proposed activity under Mongolian law. The only exceptions to this flexible investment regime are land ownership, petroleum extraction, certain rail projects, and strategic mineral deposits. Reflecting on the year just passed, 2010 presented investors with a very mixed business climate. Positively, the key Oyu Tolgoi copper-gold project (OT) continues to move forward, having brought over US $2 billion into Mongolia through technology, jobs, and other revenues. Although some clouds loom over the OT horizon, this marquee project represents and justifies Mongolia's investment potential for most investors. More negatively, 2010 continued regulatory and legislative trends that began in 2009 in the areas of environmental law, taxation, and mineral rights which have been widely perceived as narrowing Mongolia's openness to FDI. We expect these trends to bleed into other sectors into 2011 and beyond. While many Mongolian industrial and economic strategies do not discriminate actively or passively for or against foreign investors, specific governmental acts regarding foreign involvement in Mongolias nascent uranium sector as well as preferential treatment for state-owned mining ventures have spurred criticism that the government is curtailing the rights of foreign and domestic private investors in favor of the Mongolian state.
Author : Matthias Helble
Publisher : Asian Development Bank
ISBN 13 : 9292622498
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (926 download)
Download or read book Mongolia's Economic Prospects written by Matthias Helble and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2020-06-01 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication examines Mongolia’s recent economic development and outlines reforms that would help the country take advantage of its many opportunities. Mongolia is rich in natural resources and, although landlocked, is well-placed to boost trade with its two giant neighbors. The country needs to diversify its economy beyond mining, enhance economic stability, and increase employment. To maximize Mongolia’s potential the government can improve macroeconomic management, enhance the skill base, and provide hard and soft infrastructure to promote trade and efficient logistics. Governance and institutional reforms are also crucial. The government will need to continue to drive reforms so that they are well implemented and deliver the intended change.
Author : Z. Manlaibaatar
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)
Download or read book FDI Inflow in Mongolia: Comparative Analysis of Investment Environment and Terms of Trade written by Z. Manlaibaatar and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : IBP USA
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781438777405
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (774 download)
Download or read book Mongolia Business and Investment Opportunities Yearbook written by IBP USA and published by . This book was released on 2013-08-01 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mongolia Business and Investment Opportunities Yearbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Opportunities
Author : International Business Publications Staff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780739703113
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Mongolia Investment and Business Guide written by International Business Publications Staff and published by . This book was released on 1999-05-01 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : RebekaRebekah Plueckhahn
Publisher : UCL Press
ISBN 13 : 1787351521
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Shaping Urban Futures in Mongolia written by RebekaRebekah Plueckhahn and published by UCL Press. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can the generative processes of dynamic ownership reveal about how the urban is experienced, understood and made in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia? Shaping Urban Futures in Mongolia provides an ethnography of actions, strategies and techniques that form part of how residents precede and underwrite the owning of real estate property – including apartments and land – in a rapidly changing city. In doing so, it charts the types of visions of the future and perceptions of the urban form that are emerging within Ulaanbaatar following a period of investment, urban growth and subsequent economic fluctuation in Mongolia’s extractive economy since the late 2000s. Following the way that people discuss the ethics of urban change, emerging urban political subjectivities and the seeking of ‘quality’, Plueckhahn explores how conceptualisations of growth, multiplication, and the portioning of wholes influence residents’ interactions with Ulaanbaatar’s urban landscape. Shaping Urban Futures in Mongolia combines a study of changing postsocialist forms of ownership with a study of the lived experience of recent investment-fuelled urban growth within the Asia region. Examining ownership in Mongolia’s capital reveals how residents attempt to understand and make visible the hidden intricacies of this changing landscape.
Author : Naoko Nemoto
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 4899742061
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (997 download)
Download or read book ESG Investment written by Naoko Nemoto and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2020-02-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investors are increasingly integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues into their investment decisions. Currently, more than half of managed assets in Europe are linked to ESG factors, while in Japan, ESG investment has grown dramatically in recent years. In principle, ESG investment can help to bridge the gap between profit-driven investment and economic and social sustainability in Asia and the Pacific. However, a number of challenges, such as unclear and varied sustainable investment criteria, untested impacts on corporate value and social issues, and the lack of quality data cloud the potential for increasing ESG investment. This book aims to contribute to developing a framework for future analysis and monitoring to ensure the growth of ESG investment.
