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Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Status Report, July 1995-September 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Status Report, April 1995-June 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
![Download Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Status Report, [July--September 1995]. PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/5KPpjwEACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Status Report, [July--September 1995]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The research was focused continually on the general tasks: Task 1, molecular organometallic catalysts for hydrogenation and Task 2, organic base catalysts for arene hydrogenation and the hydrotreating of the coal liquids. With regard to Task 1, the [1,5-HDRhCl]2/buffer catalyst system has been investigated in detail to improve its performance. In the presence of CTAB, the stability of the catalyst was improved greatly. The relationship between the turnover number of the catalyst and the reaction time was obtained. Other aromatic compounds such as toluene, n-butylbenzene, tetralin, o-xylene all can be hydrogenated into the corresponding substituted cyclohexane derivatives in more than 94% yields when catalyzed by [1,5- HDRhCl]2 in the presence of small amount of surfactant molecules. The optimum catalyst system has been applied for the hydrogenation of tetralin in the presence of a coal liquid derived from the coal liquefaction. It was found that about 80-85% of tetralin in the mixture was hydrogenated to decalin under the conditions of these experiments. Task 2 was continually focused on the hydrogenation of coal liquids. Institution of dideuterium for dihydrogen in the hydrotreating of coal liquid at 250 °C and 1000 psig of dideuterium yielded a product that was characterized by 2H NMR. Two groups of deuteron located in the region of 6.5-8.0 ppm and 1.0-3.5 ppm, respectively, were observed. The former group was assigned to the deuterons on carbon atoms on aromatic rings and the latter to the deuterons linked to the aliphatic carbon atoms. In addition, naphthalene was hydrogenated completely to tetralin in the presence of the coal liquid under the same conditions, implying that the reduction of multiaromatic compounds was not adversely influenced by the existence of the coal liquid which contains potential catalysts poisons such as sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen.
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Total Pages : 1416 pages
Book Rating : 4.E/5 ( download)
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996-10 with total page 1416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 39 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Catalytic Multi-stage Liquefaction of Coal Twelth Quarterly Report for the Period 1 July 1995--30 September 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this program is to produce liquid fuels from coal by direct liquefaction at a cost that is competitive with conventional fuels. Specifically, this continuous bench-scale program contains provisions to examine new ideas in areas such as: low temperature pretreatments, more effective catalysts, on-line hydrotreating, new coal feedstocks, other hydrogen sources, more concentrated coal feeds and other highly responsive process improvements while assessing the design and economics of the bench- scale results. This quarterly report covers work on Laboratory Scale Studies, Continuous Bench-Scale Operations, Technical Assessment and Project Management.
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Total Pages : 826 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Fossil Energy Update written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Total Pages : 782 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this Quarter, the research was focused continually on the two general tasks: Task 1, molecular organometallic catalysts for hydrogenation and Task 2, organic base catalysts for arene hydrogenation and the hydrotreating of the coal liquids. With regards to Task 1, the biphase catalyst system, [1,5-HDRhCI]2/buffer, was investigated in detail for the hydrogenation of naphthalene or tetralin to decalin under low pressure of H2 at room temperature. The influence of various factors such as the amount of the phase transfer regent, the volume ratio of the organic phase to the aqueous phase, the pH value and compositions of the buffer solution as well as the solvents on the reaction process was investigated systematically. It was found that the rhodium catalyst works well under biphase conditions rather than under phase transfer conditions. Apparently, the surfactant molecules negatively affect the catalytic activity of the rhodium catalyst. The pH values and the compositions of the buffers in the aqueous phase are critical in the system. The best buffer solution is composed of hydrion with its pH of 7.4--7.6. In addition to tetralin, the Rh catalyst is also effective for the hydrogenation of other unactivated aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, n-butylbenzene etc. In addition, the turnover numbers of the catalyst can reach 200, but its performance needs to be improved further for practical applications. The work on this issue is currently underway. Task 2 was focused on the hydrotreating of coal liquid (VSOH) catalyzed by Catalyst 2 and Catalyst 5. Good results were achieved on this issue. Catalyst 5 was found to be a more effective catalyst for the hydrotreating of coal liquid than Catalyst 2. The coal liquid was hydrotreated to give a clear yellow liquid under relative mild conditions (1000 psi of hydrogen and 200C) if only 16 mol% of the Catalyst 5 was employed.
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion: Quarterly Progress Report, June 30, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
![Download Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Progress Report, [January--March 1993]. PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/CklHAQAACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
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Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Progress Report, [January--March 1993]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Last quarter, substantial progress has been made in the two general tasks advanced in our research proposal. The first task consists of the development of molecular homogeneous catalysts that can be used in the hydrogenation of coal liquids and in coal conversion processes. The second task concerns the activation of dihydrogen by basic catalysts in homogeneous reaction systems. With regards to the first task, we have prepared two organometallic rhodium (1) catalysts. These are the dimer of dichloropentamethylcyclopentadienylrhodium, [RhCl2(C5Me5)], and the dimer of chloro(1,5-hexadiene)rhodium We have subsequently investigated the hydrogenation of various aromatic organic compounds using these organometallic reagents as catalysts. Results showed that both catalysts effected the hydrogenation of the aromatic portions of a wide range of organic compounds, including aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds containing the ether group, alkyl groups, amino and carbonyl groups. However, both compounds were totally ineffective in catalyzing the hydrogenation of sulfur-containing aromatic organic compounds. Nevertheless, both rhodium catalysts successfully catalyzed the hydrogenation of naphthalene even in the presence of the coal liquids. With regards to base-activated hydrogenation of organic compounds, we have found that hydroxide and alkoxide bases are capable of activating, dihydrogen, thereby leading to the hydrogenation of phenyl-substituted alkenes. More specifically, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, potassium tert-butoxide and potassium phenoxide were successfully used to activate dihydrogen and induce the hydrogenation of trans-stilbene. Potassium tert-butoxide was found to be slightly more effective than the other two bases in accomplishing this chemistry.
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Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research work has concentrated on the two general tasks that were described in the original proposal. The first task concerns the development of molecular organometallic homogeneous catalysts that can be used in the hydrogenation of coal liquids. The second task concerns non-metallic organic bases which can activate dihydrogen for arene hydrogenation, and that can be used in the conversion of coal liquids. In this Quarter, the great bulk of the efforts were expended on investigating the organic base-activated reactions of dihydrogen. The authors have proven that the reagents can effect the hydrogenation of two ring and other polycondensed aromatic hydrocarbons. Various strong organic bases were employed as the catalysts for hydrogenation of naphthalene. Several effective catalyst systems have been found for this purpose. The dependence of the reaction rates on the various factors such as temperature, hydrogen pressure, reaction time, solvents, etc. were thoroughly investigated. The substitution of dideuterium gas for dihydrogen gas in the catalytic reduction of naphthalene and anthracene has been found to provide important information concerning the simultaneous D-H exchange reactions that occur during the course of the reduction reactions. In addition, work on the development of molecular organometallic homogeneous catalysts was also done. The authors have prepared two organometallic compounds: naphthalenemolybdenum tricarbonyl and 1-methylnaphthalenemolybdenum tricarbonyl to extend the work that was begun on organometallic compounds in the last Quarter.
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Total Pages : 756 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)
Download or read book ERDA Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Total Pages : 1686 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1686 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sections 1-2. Keyword Index.--Section 3. Personal author index.--Section 4. Corporate author index.-- Section 5. Contract/grant number index, NTIS order/report number index 1-E.--Section 6. NTIS order/report number index F-Z.
Download or read book Conversion of Light Hydrocarbon Gases to Metal Carbides for Production of Liquid Fuels and Chemicals. Quarterly Technical Status Report, July 1-September 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Supercritical Catalysts of Light Hydrocarbon Conversion. DOE PETC Eight Quarterly Report, July 1, 1995-September 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
![Download Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Progress Report, [April--June 1993]. PDF Online Free](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/xWTbjwEACAAJ?fife=w200-h370)
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Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (685 download)
Download or read book Molecular Catalytic Coal Liquid Conversion. Quarterly Progress Report, [April--June 1993]. written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This phase of the project essentially consists of preparing organometallic reagents which are known or have been reported to act as homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts of aromatic hydrocarbons and studying their properties as homogeneous hydrogenation catalysts under various conditions with the ultimate objective of using these compounds to catalyze the conversion of coal liquids. With regards to this task, we have prepared two rhodium (I) catalysts. These are the dimer of dichloropentamethylcyclopentadienylrhodium, [RhCl2(C5Me5)], and the dimer of chloro(1,5-hexadiene) rhodium. The dimer of dichloropentamethylcyclopentadienylrhodium was prepared by stirring rhodium (III) chloride hydrate with hexamethyldewarbenzene at 65°C. It was reported to hydrogenate arenes and various substituted arenas such as aryl ethers, esters and ketones at 50° and 50 atm of dihydrogen. The dimer of chloro (1,5-hexadiene) rhodium was prepared by reacting rhodium (III) chloride hydrate with 1,5-hexadiene at 50°C for six days in water. Our second task is to investigate the chemistry of base-catalyzed hydrogenation of organic compounds with the ultimate objective of applying the chemistry behind this novel concept to the catalytic conversion of coal liquids. It is not generally known that bases such as the hydroxide ion are capable of activating dihydrogen to form ''solvated hydride'' or hydride-like species which can effect hydrogenation reactions under the appropriate conditions. Research during the first half of this century has amply demonstrated the feasibility of this concept. More recently, Klingler, Krause and Rathke studied the role of this kind of chemistry in the water-gas shift reaction. So far, only Walling and Bollyky have been the only investigators to have applied dihydrogen activation by bases to the hydrogenation of organic compounds.
