Moisture and Fungal Durability of Wood-plastic Composites Made with Chemically Modified and Treated Wood Flour

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 8 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Moisture and Fungal Durability of Wood-plastic Composites Made with Chemically Modified and Treated Wood Flour by : B. Kristoffer Segerholm

Download or read book Moisture and Fungal Durability of Wood-plastic Composites Made with Chemically Modified and Treated Wood Flour written by B. Kristoffer Segerholm and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evaluating the fungal durability of wood-plastic composites (WPCs) is complicated by the influence of slow moisture sorption. Recently, the American Wood Protection Association (AWPA) Standard Method E10, Testing Wood Preservatives by Laboratory Soil-Block Cultures, was modified to incorporate not only solid wood, but also wood-based composites and WPCs. To simulate long term WPC performance, conditioning of the specimens is now required prior to fungal exposure to increase the moisture content of the specimens. The moisture and fungal durability, as well as the mechanical properties, of two different WPCs were investigated in the laboratory following this new AWPA E10-12 Standard. Wood flour was modified with acetic anhydride and then extruded with high density polyethylene (HDPE). Wood flour was treated with an isothiazolone-based solution and then injected molded with polypropylene (PP). WPCs were conditioned by water soaking either 2 weeks at 22 C or 5 days at 70 C. Weight and moisture content of the WPCs were monitored. Results showed that the acetylation decreased the moisture sorption of the WPCs and showed no mass losses due to decay. The WPC with an isothiazolone-based solution did not show any mass losses due to fungal decay.

The Use of New, Aqueous Chemical Wood Modifications to Improve the Durability of Wood-plastic Composites

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 9 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The Use of New, Aqueous Chemical Wood Modifications to Improve the Durability of Wood-plastic Composites by : Rebecca E. Ibach

Download or read book The Use of New, Aqueous Chemical Wood Modifications to Improve the Durability of Wood-plastic Composites written by Rebecca E. Ibach and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: S2The wood flour used in wood-plastic composites (WPCs) can biologically deteriorate and thus the overall mechanical performance of WPCs decrease when exposed to moisture and fungal decay. Protecting the wood flour by chemical modification can improve the durability of the wood in a nontoxic way so it is not harmful to the environment. WPCs were made with modified wood flour and then evaluated for moisture sorption, fungal resistance and mechanical performance. Two different chemical modifications at 2 different levels were used: organosilicate (OS, 1% and 2.5%) and cobalt sulfate (CoS, 2.5% and 5%). All modifications had less weight loss than the unmodified controls with the 2.5% OS blend showing no weight loss from decay by either brown or white rot fungi. Water soaking for 1-week at elevated temperature (70°C) was more aggressive for laboratory decay and mechanical testing as shown by higher weight loss and lower mechanical properties compared to 2-week water soaking at room temperature (23°C). Moisture exposure decreased the mechanical properties, but 2.5% OS, 2.5% CoS and 5% CoS had better performance than the unmodified controls and 1% OS after 70°C conditioning and decay."

Wood-Polymer Composites

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1845694570
Total Pages : 383 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Wood-Polymer Composites by : K O Niska

Download or read book Wood-Polymer Composites written by K O Niska and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-05-29 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood-polymer composites (WPC) are materials in which wood is impregnated with monomers that are then polymerised in the wood to tailor the material for special applications. The resulting properties of these materials, from lightness and enhanced mechanical properties to greater sustainability, has meant a growing number of applications in such areas as building, construction and automotive engineering. This important book reviews the manufacture of wood-polymer composites, how their properties can be assessed and improved and their range of uses.After an introductory chapter, the book reviews key aspects of manufacture, including raw materials, manufacturing technologies and interactions between wood and synthetic polymers. Building on this foundation, the following group of chapters discusses mechanical and other properties such as durability, creep behaviour and processing performance. The book concludes by looking at orientated wood-polymer composites, wood-polymer composite foams, at ways of assessing performance and at the range of current and future applications.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Wood-polymer composites is a valuable reference for all those using and studying these important materials. Provides a comprehensive survey of major new developments in wood-polymer composites Reviews the key aspects of manufacture, including raw materials and manufacturing technologies Discusses properties such as durability, creep behaviour and processing performance

Wood and Fiber Science

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 708 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Wood and Fiber Science by :

Download or read book Wood and Fiber Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Wood Polymer Nanocomposites

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319657356
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Wood Polymer Nanocomposites by : Md Rezaur Rahman

Download or read book Wood Polymer Nanocomposites written by Md Rezaur Rahman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-06 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows how chemical modifications influence some properties of wood nanocomposites. It describes suitable and effective chemical modifications that strengthen the physico-mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of wood. The authors provide intuitive explanation of the various types of chemical modifications applied to polymer cell walls in wood. They emphasize the reaction changes in wood cell walls due to the chemical modifications. Increased mechanical strength, improved thermal stability as well as the efficient retardancy against fungi attack are described. This book concludes summarizing the potential applications of wood-based nanocomposites taking into account sustainability and economic aspects.

Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439853819
Total Pages : 703 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites by : Roger M. Rowell

Download or read book Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites written by Roger M. Rowell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-09-06 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood has played a major role throughout human history. Strong and versatile, the earliest humans used wood to make shelters, cook food, construct tools, build boats, and make weapons. Recently, scientists, politicians, and economists have renewed their interest in wood because of its unique properties, aesthetics, availability, abundance, and perha

Recent Advances in the Processing of Wood-Plastic Composites

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642148778
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (421 download)

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Book Synopsis Recent Advances in the Processing of Wood-Plastic Composites by : Jin Kuk Kim

Download or read book Recent Advances in the Processing of Wood-Plastic Composites written by Jin Kuk Kim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-16 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wood-plastic composite (WPC) is a non-recyclable composite material lumber or timber made of recycled plastic and wood wastes which has become one of the most dynamic sectors of the plastics industry in this decade. It is used in numerous applications, such as, outdoor deck floors, railings, fences, landscaping timbers, park benches, window and door frames. This book starts with a brief glimpse at the basic structures and properties of WPCs. Aspects such as surface treatment, machinery used and testing types of WPCs are also covered. The following chapters of the book give a view of foam technology, flame retardant properties and colour retardant properties of WPCs. The way morphology affects or controls the physical and mechanical behaviours of the finished materials is discussed. Finally, the authors give an overview of the applications of wood-plastic composites in daily life. The book may serve as a source book for scientists wishing to work in this field.

Influence of Wood Modification on the Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride based Wood Polymer Composites (WPC)

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Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3736941439
Total Pages : 88 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (369 download)

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Book Synopsis Influence of Wood Modification on the Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride based Wood Polymer Composites (WPC) by : Marcus Müller

Download or read book Influence of Wood Modification on the Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride based Wood Polymer Composites (WPC) written by Marcus Müller and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2012-07-11 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract The study investigated the influences of wood modification on the properties of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) based Wood Polymer Composites (WPC). Various ethanolamines, L-arginine, pre-hydrolyzed and monomeric aminosilane, melamine and acetic anhydride treatment were used to improve the adhesion between wood and polymer as well as water absorption behavior and resistance to basidiomycetes. Amine based treatments were chosen to change the nature of wood from acidic to basic in order to increase the compatibility with the acidic polymer. Treated and untreated wood flour, PVC and additives were dry blended in a mixer. The dry blend was compounded to granulate by counter-rotating twin screw extrusion and compression moulded into panels using a hydraulic press. Elemental analysis (nitrogen content) via gas chromatography showed expected fixation of aminosilane and melamine treatment. The nitrogen fixation of ethanolamine and L-arginine treated material were obviously reduced, whereas the amount and reactivity of the aminogroups influenced the fixation behavior. With increasing content of amino-groups and reactivity, the fixation was improved. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses revealed interactions between monoethanolamine and cell wall components. The amine based treatments changed the nature of wood from acidic to basic. An improvement of the interphase was detected via mechanical property testing. Tensile strength, elongation at break and unnotched impact strength of the composite were obviously increased by Larginine, ethanolamine and aminosilane treatments. It has to be considered that amine based treatments (monoethanolamine in this study) led to reduced thermal stability of the composite. Thermogravimetric analysis showed a decrease of onset temperature with increasing monoethanolamine content. Water repellence of the composite was improved by melamine, pre-hydrolyzed aminosilane and acetic acid treatment. Treated and untreated composites revealed high resistance against basidiomycetes. Due to the low initial moisture content and low weight loss of untreated and treated composites, no effect of the various modifications was distinguished. In general it is possible to treat/modify PVC/wood flour composites with used processing and chemical agents. Amine based treatments indicate an improved adhesion between wood and polymer and can be used as coupling agents. Acetic anhydride, melamine and prehydrolyzed aminosilane treatments improved water absorption behavior. Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die Auswirkungen verschiedener Holzmodifizierungen auf die Eigenschaften von Polyvinylchlorid (PVC) basierten Holz-Kunststoff Kompositen untersucht. Der Fokus lag dabei auf Verbesserung der Interphase zwischen Holz und Polymer, sowie einer Reduktion der Wasseraufnahme und einer Erhöhung der biologischen Dauerhaftigkeit des Komposits. Als Modifizierungschemikalien wurden Ethanolamine (Mono-, Di-, Triethanolamin), L-Arginin, Aminosilane, Melamin und Essigsäureanhydrid verwendet. Die eingesetzten Aminosilane unterschieden sich hinsichtlich ihrer Molekülgröße vor der Behandlung (Monomer, vor-hydrolisiert). Amin basierte Chemikalien wurden ausgewählt, um die Ladungseigenschaften des Holzes zu verändern. Eine bessere Kompatibilität zwischen dem sauren Polymer und der basisch modifizierten Holzoberfläche sollte dementsprechend erreicht werden. Das behandelte und unbehandelte Holzmehl wurde mit dem PVC und ausgewählten Additiven im Heiz-Kühl Mischer zu einem Trockengemisch verarbeitet. Das Trockengemisch wurde in einem gegenläufigen Doppelschneckenextruder granuliert und anschließend im Heißpressverfahren zu Platten gepresst. Mittels einer gaschromatischen Elementaranalyse wurde der Stickstoffgehalt der Holzmehlproben ermittelt, um Aussagen über die Fixierung der jeweiligen Chemikalie treffen zu können. Aminosilan und Melamin behandelte Proben zeigten die erwarteten Fixierungswerte. Die Stickstofffixierung der Ethanolamin und L-Arginin behandelten Proben war im Vergleich dazu deutlich reduziert. Allerdings wurde beobachtet, dass mit steigender Aminogruppenanzahl und Reaktivität auch die Fixierung zunahm. In Fourier Transform Infrarot (FTIR) Analysen wurden Interaktionen zwischen Monoethanolamin und den chemischen Zellwandkomponenten beobachtet. Zudem führte die Behandlung mit Aminosilanen, Ethanolaminen und dem L-Arginin zu einer pH-Wert Verschiebung. Die behandelten Proben besaßen basische Eigenschaften. Eine Verbesserung der Interphase wurde nach der Durchführung mechanischer Eigenschaftsprüfungen gemessen. Die Zugfestigkeit, Bruchdehnung und Schlagzähigkeit der Komposite wurden deutlich erhöht, wenn das Holzmehl zuvor mit Aminosilanen, Ethanolaminen oder L-Arginin behandelt wurde. Allerdings wurde die thermische Stabilität des Komposits durch die Behandlung (Monoethanolamin) herabgesetzt. Thermogravimetrische Analysen (TGA) zeigten eine reduzierte Zersetzungstemperatur mit steigendem Monoethanolamingehalt. Die Behandlung mit Essigsäureanhydrid und Melamin führte zu einer Verringerung der Wasseraufnahmegeschwindigkeit, sowie zu einer Reduzierung der maximalen Materialfeuchte. Bezüglich der verwendeten Aminosilane wurde nur bei der vor-hydrolisierten Variante eine Verbesserung des Wasseraufnahmeverhaltens beobachtet. Alle Komposite wiesen eine hohe Resistenz gegenüber Basidiomyceten auf. Aufgrund der niedrigen Feuchtegehalte vor Versuchsbeginn und den geringen Masseverlusten wurden keine Effekte der jeweiligen Behandlung festgesellt. Prinzipiell ist es möglich mit den verwendeten Chemikalien und Verarbeitungsverfahren Modifizierungen an PVC basierten Holz-Kunststoff Kompositen durchzuführen. Amin basierte Behandlungen zeigten eine erhöhte Kompatibilität mit dem Polymer, womit sie grundsätzlich als Haftvermittler eingesetzt werden können. Zudem wurde das Wasseraufnahmeverhalten der Komposite durch die Behandlung mit Essigsäureanhydrid, Melamin und vorhydrolisiertem Aminosilan positiv beeinflusst.

Wood Plastic Composites Made from Modified Wood

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789171788238
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (882 download)

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Book Synopsis Wood Plastic Composites Made from Modified Wood by : Kristoffer Segerholm

Download or read book Wood Plastic Composites Made from Modified Wood written by Kristoffer Segerholm and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Wood Deterioration and Preservation

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Publisher : ACS Symposium
ISBN 13 : 9780841237971
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (379 download)

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Book Synopsis Wood Deterioration and Preservation by : Barry Goodell

Download or read book Wood Deterioration and Preservation written by Barry Goodell and published by ACS Symposium. This book was released on 2003 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years considerable progress has been made in elucidating wood decay mechanisms. This basic knowledge not only has the potential to develop alternative environmentally-benign wood preservatives, but may also impact other areas such as bioremediation and pulp and paper. This book will summarize the latest knowledge of the developments, potential impacts, and applications from some of the world's leading experts.

WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES

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Publisher : Notion press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 59 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES by : Mahaboob basha kattubadi

Download or read book WOOD PLASTIC COMPOSITES written by Mahaboob basha kattubadi and published by Notion press. This book was released on 2022-06-16 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides complete information about wood plastic composite and also it's production and applications

Durability of Wood-plastic Composites Exposed to Freeze-thaw Cycling

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)

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Book Synopsis Durability of Wood-plastic Composites Exposed to Freeze-thaw Cycling by : Jeanette M. Pilarski

Download or read book Durability of Wood-plastic Composites Exposed to Freeze-thaw Cycling written by Jeanette M. Pilarski and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Wood Polymer Composites

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789811616082
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Wood Polymer Composites by : Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa

Download or read book Wood Polymer Composites written by Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2022-04-29 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively covers the different topics of wood polymer composite materials mainly synthesis methods for the composite materials, various characterization techniques to study the superior properties and insights on potential advanced applications. It also discusses the chemistry, fabrication process, properties, applications, recycling and life cycle assessment of wood polymer composites. This is a useful reference source for both engineers and researchers working in composite materials science as well as the students attending materials science, physics, chemistry and engineering courses.

Wood-Plastic Composites

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470148918
Total Pages : 744 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Wood-Plastic Composites by : Anatole A. Klyosov

Download or read book Wood-Plastic Composites written by Anatole A. Klyosov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-08-31 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, practical guide to wood-plastic composites and their properties This is the first book that presents an overview of the main principles underlying the composition of wood-plastic composite (WPC) materials and their performance in the real world. Focusing on the characteristics of WPC materials rather than their manufacture, this guide bridges the gap between laboratory-based research and testing and the properties WPC materials exhibit when they're used in decks, railing systems, fences, and other common applications. Complete with practical examples and case studies, this guide: Describes compositions of WPC materials, including thermoplastics, cellulose fiber, minerals, additives, and their properties Covers mechanical properties, microbial resistance, water absorption, flammability, slip resistance, thermal expansion-contraction, sensitivity to oxidation and solar radiation, and rheological properties of hot melts of WPC Covers subjects that determine esthetics, properties, performance, and durability of wood-plastic composite products Includes comparisons of different ASTM methods and procedures that apply to specific properties This is a comprehensive, hands-on reference for scientists, engineers, and researchers working with wood-plastic composites in plastics and polymers, materials science, microbiology, rheology, plastic technology, and chemical engineering, as well as an outstanding text for graduate students in these disciplines. It's also an excellent resource for suppliers and WPC manufacturers, and an accessible guide for developers, homebuilders, and landscape architects who want to know more about wood-plastic composites and their performance in the real world.

Silane Coupling Agents

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1489903429
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (899 download)

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Book Synopsis Silane Coupling Agents by : Edwin P. Plueddemann

Download or read book Silane Coupling Agents written by Edwin P. Plueddemann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * It has been rumored that a bumble bee has such aerodynamic deficiencies that it should be incapable of flight. Fiberglass-reinforced polymer com posites, similarly, have two (apparently) insurmountable obstacles to per formance: 1) Water can hydrolyze any conceivable bond between organic and inorganic phase, and 2) Stresses across the interface during temperature cycling (resulting from a mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients) may exceed the strength of one of the phases. Organofunctional silanes are hybrid organic-inorganic compounds that are used as coupling agents across the organic-inorganic interface to help overcome these two obstacles to composite performance. One of their functions is to use the hydrolytic action of water under equilibrium condi tions to relieve thermally induced stresses across the interface. If equilib rium conditions can be maintained, the two problems act to cancel each other out. Coupling agents are defined primarily as materials that improve the practical adhesive bond of polymer to mineral. This may involve an increase in true adhesion, but it may also involve improved wetting, rheology, and other handling properties. The coupling agent may also modify the inter phase region to strengthen the organic and inorganic boundary layers.

Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203492439
Total Pages : 505 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites by : Roger M. Rowell

Download or read book Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites written by Roger M. Rowell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-02-18 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The degradable nature of high-performance, wood-based materials is an attractive advantage when considering environmental factors such as sustainability, recycling, and energy/resource conservation. The Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites provides an excellent guide to the latest concepts and technologies in wood chemistry and bio-based composites. The book analyzes the chemical composition and physical properties of wood cellulose and its response to natural processes of degradation. It describes safe and effective chemical modifications to strengthen wood against biological, chemical, and mechanical degradation without using toxic, leachable, or corrosive chemicals. Expert researchers provide insightful analyses of the types of chemical modifications applied to polymer cell walls in wood, emphasizing the mechanisms of reaction involved and resulting changes in performance properties. These include modifications that increase water repellency, fire retardancy, and resistance to ultraviolet light, heat, moisture, mold, and other biological organisms. The text also explores modifications that increase mechanical strength, such as lumen fill, monomer polymer penetration, and plasticization. The Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites concludes with the latest applications, such as adhesives, geotextiles, and sorbents, and future trends in the use of wood-based composites in terms of sustainable agriculture, biodegradability and recycling, and economics. Incorporating over 30 years of teaching experience, the esteemed editor of this handbook is well-attuned to educational demands as well as industry standards and research trends.

Wood Modification

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 047002173X
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Wood Modification by : Callum A. S. Hill

Download or read book Wood Modification written by Callum A. S. Hill and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-02-06 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is exclusively concerned with wood modification, although many of these processes are generic and can be applied to other lignocellulosic materials. There have been many rapid developments in wood modification over the past decade and, in particular, there has been considerable progress made in the commercialisation of technologies. Topics covered include: The use of timber in the 21st century Modifying the properties of wood Chemical modification of wood: Acetic Anhydride Modification and reaction with other chemicals Thermal modification of wood Surface modification Impregnation modification Commercialisation of wood modification Environmental consideration and future developments This is the first time that a book has covered all wood modification technologies in one text. Although the book covers the main research developments in wood modification, it also puts wood modification into context and additionally deals with aspects of commercialisation and environmental impact. This book is very timely, because wood modification is undergoing huge developments at the present time, driven in part by environmental concerns regarding the use of wood treated with certain preservatives. There has been considerable commercial interest shown in wood modification over the past decade, with products based upon thermal modification, and furfurylation now being actively being marketed. The next few years will see the commercialisation of acetylation and impregnation modification. This is a new industry, but one that has enormous potential. This book will prove useful to all those with an interest in wood modification including researchers, technologists and professionals working in wood science and timber engineering, wood preservation, and well as professionals in the paper and pulp industries, and those with an interest in the development of renewable materials.