Models And Methods In The Philosophy Of Science Selected Essays

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Models and Methods in the Philosophy of Science: Selected Essays

Author : Patrick Suppes
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401723001
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Models and Methods in the Philosophy of Science: Selected Essays by : Patrick Suppes

Download or read book Models and Methods in the Philosophy of Science: Selected Essays written by Patrick Suppes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thirty-one papers collected in this volume represent most of the arti cles that I have published in the philosophy of science and related founda tional areas of science since 1970. The present volume is a natural succes sor to Studies in the Methodology and Foundations of Science, a collection of my articles published in 1969 by Reidel (now a part of Kluwer). The articles are arranged under five main headings. Part I contains six articles on general methodology. The topics range from formal methods to the plurality of science. Part II contains six articles on causality and explanation. The emphasis is almost entirely on probabilistic approaches. Part III contains six articles on probability and measurement. The impor tance of representation theorems for both probability and measurement is stressed. Part IV contains five articles on the foundations of physics. The first three articles are concerned with action at a distance and space and time, the last two with quantum mechanics. Part V contains eight articles on the foundations of psychology. This is the longest part and the articles reflect my continuing strong interest in the nature of learning and perception. Within each part the articles are arranged chronologically. I turn now to a more detailed overview of the content. The first article of Part I concerns the role of formal methods in the philosophy of science. Here I discuss what is the new role for formal methods now that the imperialism of logical positivism has disappeared.

Models for Modalities

Author : Jaakko Hintikka
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401017115
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Models for Modalities by : Jaakko Hintikka

Download or read book Models for Modalities written by Jaakko Hintikka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers collected in this volume were written over a period of some eight or nine years, with some still earlier material incorporated in one of them. Publishing them under the same cover does not make a con tinuous book of them. The papers are thematically connected with each other, however, in a way which has led me to think that they can naturally be grouped together. In any list of philosophically important concepts, those falling within the range of application of modal logic will rank high in interest. They include necessity, possibility, obligation, permission, knowledge, belief, perception, memory, hoping, and striving, to mention just a few of the more obvious ones. When a satisfactory semantics (in the sense of Tarski and Carnap) was first developed for modal logic, a fascinating new set of methods and ideas was thus made available for philosophical studies. The pioneers of this model theory of modality include prominently Stig Kanger and Saul Kripke. Several others were working in the same area independently and more or less concurrently. Some of the older papers in this collection, especially 'Quantification and Modality' and 'Modes of Modality', serve to clarify some of the main possibilities in the semantics of modal logics in general.

Scientific Realism

Author : Mario Bunge
Publisher : Amherst, N.Y. : Prometheus Books
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Realism by : Mario Bunge

Download or read book Scientific Realism written by Mario Bunge and published by Amherst, N.Y. : Prometheus Books. This book was released on 2001 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No Marketing Blurb

Models and Idealizations in Science

Author : Alejandro Cassini
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030658023
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Models and Idealizations in Science by : Alejandro Cassini

Download or read book Models and Idealizations in Science written by Alejandro Cassini and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-27 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides both an introduction to the philosophy of scientific modeling and a contribution to the discussion and clarification of two recent philosophical conceptions of models: artifactualism and fictionalism. These can be viewed as different stances concerning the standard representationalist account of scientific models. By better understanding these two alternative views, readers will gain a deeper insight into what a model is as well as how models function in different sciences. Fictionalism has been a traditional epistemological stance related to antirealist construals of laws and theories, such as instrumentalism and inferentialism. By contrast, the more recent fictional view of models holds that scientific models must be conceived of as the same kind of entities as literary characters and places. This approach is essentially an answer to the ontological question concerning the nature of models, which in principle is not incompatible with a representationalist account of the function of models. The artifactual view of models is an approach according to which scientific models are epistemic artifacts, whose main function is not to represent the phenomena but rather to provide epistemic access to them. It can be conceived of as a non-representationalist and pragmatic account of modeling, which does not intend to focus on the ontology of models but rather on the ways they are built and used for different purposes. The different essays address questions such as the artifactual view of idealization, the use of information theory to elucidate the concepts of abstraction and idealization, the deidealization of models, the nature of scientific fictions, the structural account of representation and the ontological status of structures, the role of surrogative reasoning with models, and the use of models for explaining and predicting physical phenomena.

Explanation

Author : Giora Hon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401597316
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Explanation by : Giora Hon

Download or read book Explanation written by Giora Hon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For some years we have been conducting at the University of Haifa an interdisciplinary seminar on explanation in philosophy and psychology. We habitually begin the seminar with some philosophical reflections on explanation - an analysis of the concept and its metaphysical underpinnings. We discuss the various models and proceed to examine explanation in the setting of psychology. Thus, from the outset, we have focused not only on the concept itself but also on its application. The objective that we have set for the seminar, attended by students from both departments, Philosophy and Psychology, has been a critical understanding of the concept of explanation, its use and limitations. We were keen on deepening our understanding of the concept and on exploring its applications in fields of knowledge other than psychology. This was the motivation for convening an international conference on explanation and its application. The conference took place in the spring of 1998 under the auspices of the University of Haifa. The present book is the fruit of this meeting. The reader should note that the second part of the Introduction presents a detailed analytical account of the book. We hope that this overview will facilitate efficient use of the book by directing the reader's attention to those issues that might be of interest to him or her.

Logic and Scientific Methods

Author : Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792343837
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (438 download)

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Book Synopsis Logic and Scientific Methods by : Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara

Download or read book Logic and Scientific Methods written by Maria Luisa Dalla Chiara and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1996-12-31 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first of two volumes comprising the papers submitted for publication by the invited participants to the Tenth International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, held in Florence, August 1995. The Congress was held under the auspices of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science, Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. The invited lectures published in the two volumes demonstrate much of what goes on in the fields of the Congress and give the state of the art of current research. The two volumes cover the traditional subdisciplines of mathematical logic and philosophical logic, as well as their interfaces with computer science, linguistics and philosophy. Philosophy of science is broadly represented, too, including general issues of natural sciences, social sciences and humanities. The papers in Volume One are concerned with logic, mathematical logic, the philosophy of logic and mathematics, and computer science.

A Model-Theoretic Realist Interpretation of Science

Author : E.B. Ruttkamp
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401705836
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis A Model-Theoretic Realist Interpretation of Science by : E.B. Ruttkamp

Download or read book A Model-Theoretic Realist Interpretation of Science written by E.B. Ruttkamp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book Emma Ruttkamp demonstrates the power of the full-blown employment of the model-theoretic paradigm in the philosophy of science. Within this paradigm she gives an account of sciences as process and product. She expounds the "received statement" and the "non-statement" views of science, and shows how the model-theoretic approach resolves the spurious tension between these views. In this endeavour she also engages the views of a number of contemporary philosophers of science with affinity to model theory. This text can be read by specialists working in philosophy of science or formal semantics, by logicians working on the structure of theories, and by students in philosophy of science - this text offers a thorough introduction to non-statement accounts of sciences as well as a discussion of the traditional statement account of science.

Conceptual Tools For Understanding Nature - Proceedings Of The 3rd International Symposium

Author : Giacomo Costa
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814545988
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)

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Book Synopsis Conceptual Tools For Understanding Nature - Proceedings Of The 3rd International Symposium by : Giacomo Costa

Download or read book Conceptual Tools For Understanding Nature - Proceedings Of The 3rd International Symposium written by Giacomo Costa and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1997-05-27 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers new perspectives and paradigms in science, specifically to point out novel characteristics in natural processes. The issues are discussed by outstanding scientists from among the most advanced fields of science, who bring with them various points of the scientific horizon and widely different new experimental evidence.

The Philosophy of Michael Dummett

Author : Brian McGuinness
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792328049
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis The Philosophy of Michael Dummett by : Brian McGuinness

Download or read book The Philosophy of Michael Dummett written by Brian McGuinness and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1994-04-30 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains seminal discussions of central issues in the philosophy of language, mathematics, mind, religion and time. Is common language conceptually prior to idiolectics? What is a theory of meaning? Does constructivism provide a satisfactory account of mathematics? What are indefinitely extensible concepts? Can we change the past? These are only some of the very important questions addressed here. Both the papers written by the contributors and Dummett's replies provide a great wealth of stimulating ideas for those who currently do research in the respective areas touched upon without making the reading exceedingly tedious. This feature, common to most of the papers in this book, makes it possible to use the material presented in undergraduate courses at university level.

Denying Existence

Author : A. Chakrabarti
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401712239
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Denying Existence by : A. Chakrabarti

Download or read book Denying Existence written by A. Chakrabarti and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book tries to explore, in language as non-technical as possible, the deepest philosophical problems regarding the logical status of empty (singular) terms such as `Pegasus', `Batman', `The impossible staircase departs in Escher's painting `Ascending-Descending'+ etc., and regarding sentences which deny the existence of singled-out fictional entities. It will be fascinating for literary theorists with a flair for logic, to students of metaphysics and philosophy of language, and for historians of philosophy interested in the fate of the Russell-Meinong debate. For teachers of these aspects of analytic philosophy this will provide a textbook which goes beyond the Western tradition (without plunging into any mystical Eastern `Emptiness', which is what some previous comparative philosophers did!).

In the Scope of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science

Author : Peter Gärdenfors
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402009297
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis In the Scope of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science by : Peter Gärdenfors

Download or read book In the Scope of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science written by Peter Gärdenfors and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-12-31 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first of two volumes containing papers submitted by the invited speakers to the 11th International Congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, held in Cracow in 1999, under the auspices of the International Union of History and Philosophy of Science, Division of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science. The invited speakers are the leading researchers and accordingly the book presents the current state of the intellectual discourse in the respective fields. The papers delivered at the congress were divided into 17 sections. Thus the structure of the volume corresponds to the very schedule of the congress. Volume one contains the opening lecture by Andrzej K. Wróblewski as well as invited papers in sections of Proof Theory, Model Theory, Recursion Theory, Axiomatic Set Theory, Logic and Computation, Logic, Language and Cognition, Methodology, Probability, Induction, and Decision Theory, Philosophy of Logic, Mathematics, and Computer Science, and Philosophy of the Physical Sciences.

Patrick Suppes: Scientific Philosopher

Author : P. Humphreys
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401107742
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Patrick Suppes: Scientific Philosopher by : P. Humphreys

Download or read book Patrick Suppes: Scientific Philosopher written by P. Humphreys and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Patrick Suppes is a philosopher and scientist whose contributions range over probability and statistics, mathematical and experimental psychology, the foundations of physics, education theory, the philosophy of language, measurement theory, and the philosophy of science. He has also been a pioneer in the area of computer assisted instruction. In each of these areas, Suppes has provided seminal ideas that in some cases led to shaping the direction of research in the field. The papers contained in this collection were commissioned with the mandate of advancing research in their respective fields rather than retrospectively surveying the contributions that Suppes himself has made. The authors form an interesting mixture of researchers in both formal philosophy of science and science itself all of whom have been inspired by his ideas. To maintain the spirit of constructive dialogue that characterizes Suppes's intellectual style, he has written individual responses to each article. In Volume 1: Probability and Probabilistic Causality, nineteen distinguished philosophers and scientists focus their attention on probabilistic issues. In Part I the contributors explore axiomatic representations of probability theory including qualitative and interval valued probabilities as well as traditional point valued probabilities. Belief structures and the dynamics of belief are also treated in detail. In Part II the rapidly growing field of probabilistic causation is assessed from both formal and empirical viewpoints. For probability theorists, statisticians, economists, philosophers of science, psychologists and those interested in the foundations of mathematical social science. In Volume 2: Philosophy of Physics, Theory Structure, and Measurement Theory, fifteen distinguished philosophers and scientists cover a wide variety of topics. Part III covers issues in quantum theory, geometry, classical mechanics, and computational physics. Part IV explores Suppes's well known set-theoretic account of scientific theories which has served him well throughout his career. Suppes's contributions to measurement theory have been widely used in mathematical psychology and elsewhere, and this material is the subject of Part V. For physicists, logicians, workers in mathematical social sicence, and philosophers of science. In Volume 3: Philosophy of Language and Logic, Learning and Action Theory, fourteen distinguished philosophers and scientists explore issues in the philosophy of language, logic, and philosophical psychology. Suppes's suggestions that quantum theory requires a rethinking of classical logic form a particularly sharp account of that controversial thesis, and Part VI deals with this issue together with topics in the philosophy of language and logic, including relational grammars and anaphora. Part VII deals with issues in psychology, action theory, and robotics, while Part VIII concludes with a general survey of Suppes's views in the philosophy of science. A comprehensive chronological and topical bibliography of Suppes's writings is included in this volume. For philosophers of language, theoretical linguists, logicians, workers in mathematical social sciences, and philosophers of science.

Intensionality and Truth

Author : Philip Hugly
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940090293X
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Intensionality and Truth by : Philip Hugly

Download or read book Intensionality and Truth written by Philip Hugly and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior's view on intensionality and truth is based on the principle that sentences never name, that what sentences say cannot be otherwise signified, that a sentence says what it says whatever the type of its occurrence, and that sentential quantification is neither eliminable, substitutional, nor referential. The text defends each of these principles.

Talking Wolves

Author : A. Biletzki
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401588872
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Talking Wolves by : A. Biletzki

Download or read book Talking Wolves written by A. Biletzki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Talking Wolves advances an analysis of Hobbes which takes language seriously (as seriously as Hobbes took it). It presents a reading of Hobbes's view of society at large, and political society in particular, through a comprehensive discussion based on, and intimately linked to, his philosophy of language. This philosophy, in turn, is seen in a new light as being a pragmatic theory of language in use, language in action.

A Collection of Polish Works on Philosophical Problems of Time and Spacetime

Author : Helena Eilstein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401700974
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis A Collection of Polish Works on Philosophical Problems of Time and Spacetime by : Helena Eilstein

Download or read book A Collection of Polish Works on Philosophical Problems of Time and Spacetime written by Helena Eilstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a collection of some works of Polish philosophers and physicists on philosophical problems of time and spacetime. Without restricting the thematic scope of the papers, the issue conceming objectivity of time flow runs as a uniting thread through most of them. Partly it is discussed directIy, and partly the authors focus on themes which are of paramount importance for one's attitude to that question. In the first six papers the authors deal with their topics against the background of contemporary physics, its theories, its difficulties and discussed conjectures. For the paper of S. Snihur that background is provided by everyday worId-outlook, and the author discusses the problem of existence and character of the future in the light of basic principles of cIassical logic. The paper of A. P61tawski, about the views of the outstanding polish philosopher Roman Ingarden, enriches the thematic scope of the coIIection introducing into it some questions from philosophical anthropology and ethics. JERZY GOLOSZ MOTION, SPACE, TIME*. Abstract. The paper discusses the properties of spacetime we study by analyzing the phenomenon of motion. Of special interest are the spacetime symmetries. the spacetime structures and the ontological status of spacetime. These problems are considered on the grounds of the c1assical theories of motion contained in Newtonian physics, special and general theory of relativity. The controversy between an absolute and a relational conception of motion and its ontological implications are also analyzed.

Explanatory Translation

Author : V. Rantala
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401715211
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis Explanatory Translation by : V. Rantala

Download or read book Explanatory Translation written by V. Rantala and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the author makes a systematic attempt to understand cognitive characteristics of translation by bringing its logical, pragmatic and hermeneutic features together and examining a number of scientific, logical, and philosophical applications. The book is for philosophers of science, linguists, logicians, historians of science, and scientists interested in philosophical questions of scientific change.

The Logic of Intentional Objects

Author : Jacek Pasniczek
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401589968
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis The Logic of Intentional Objects by : Jacek Pasniczek

Download or read book The Logic of Intentional Objects written by Jacek Pasniczek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intentionality is one of the most frequently discussed topics in contemporary phenomenology and analytic philosophy. This book investigates intentionality from the point of view of intentional objects. According to the classical approach to this concept, whatever can be consciously experienced is regarded as an intentional object. Thus, not only ordinary existing individuals but also various kinds of non-existents and non-individuals are considered as intentional (including such bizarre entities as quantifier objects: `some dog', `every dog'). Alexius Meinong, an Austrian philosopher, is particularly well-known as the `inventor' of an abundant ontology of objects among which even incomplete and impossible ones, like `the round square', find their place. Drawing inspirations from Meinong's ideas, the author develops a simple logic of intentional objects, M-logic. M-logic closely resembles classical first-order logic and, as opposed to the formally complicated contemporary theories of non-existent objects, it is much more friendly in apprehending and applications. However, despite this resemblance, the ontological content of M-logic far exceeds that of classical logic. In this book formal investigations are intertwined with philosophical analyses. On the one hand, M-logic is used as a tool for investigating formal features of intentional objects. On the other hand, the study of intentionality phenomena suggests further ways of extending and modifying M-logic. Audience: The book is addressed to logicians, cognitive scientists, philosophers of language and metaphysics with either a phenomenological or an analytic background.