Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Modeling The Hydrologic Effects Of Urbanization On The Warm Spring Creek Watershed
Download Modeling The Hydrologic Effects Of Urbanization On The Warm Spring Creek Watershed full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Modeling The Hydrologic Effects Of Urbanization On The Warm Spring Creek Watershed ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Modeling the Hydrologic Effects of Urbanization on the Warm Spring Creek Watershed by : Michael Jay Klinefelter
Download or read book Modeling the Hydrologic Effects of Urbanization on the Warm Spring Creek Watershed written by Michael Jay Klinefelter and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Hydrology for Urban Land Planning by : Luna Bergere Leopold
Download or read book Hydrology for Urban Land Planning written by Luna Bergere Leopold and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impact of Urbanization on the Hydrology of Pocono Creek Watershed by : Mohamed M. Hantush
Download or read book Impact of Urbanization on the Hydrology of Pocono Creek Watershed written by Mohamed M. Hantush and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Distributed Modeling Approach for Evaluating Hydrological Effects of Rain Gardens in Urban Watersheds by : Waleska Echevarria
Download or read book A Distributed Modeling Approach for Evaluating Hydrological Effects of Rain Gardens in Urban Watersheds written by Waleska Echevarria and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Best management practices (BMPs) and low impact development (LID) are sustainable stormwater management practices used to mitigate the effects of urbanization such as excess runoff and water quality issues. Implementation of BMPs and LID have been limited and sometimes restricted because of the lack of recognized methodologies to estimate their hydrologic effects in urban watersheds under a continuous rainfall period. It is expected that rain gardens will have a significant effect in the reduction of peak discharge and volume for a range of different storms magnitudes including less frequent events. Rain gardens are small depressions covered by native vegetation, which receive the runoff coming from impervious areas. These practices are part of the sustainable LID and BMPs approach with the goal of reducing runoff coming from urban areas, promoting evapotranspiration and restoring some of the infiltration capability of the predevelopment site. These distributed stormwater management practices modifies the urban watershed0́9s hydrologic response by varying the size and quantity of these distributed stormwater practices. Hydrologic processes of BMPs can be complex and non linear. Uncertainty could arise when commonly simplified models are use to simulates the effects of BMPs on the hydrologic response of the watershed. This research used a methodology developed to understand the hydrologic effects of rain gardens at different quantities distributed in an urban watershed for a continuous rainfall period. The methodology used in this research tries to improve the estimation of hydrologic process of rain gardens by using a physically distributed model, Mike SHE. Mike SHE, distributed by DHI, Inc. is a fully distributed model that is able to estimate a range of hydrological processes occurring in a rain garden. This model provides an improvement over simplified models, which cannot estimates relevant hydrologic processes. The Mike SHE model simulates evapotranspiration, subsurface flow and overland flow by coupling a finite difference method in two dimensions and the Richard0́9s equation for the unsaturated zone calculations. As part of the methodology used in this research, two rain garden scenarios with different quantities of rain gardens simulated are implemented in an urban watershed. Data from rain garden sites monitored by the U.S. Geological Survey Wisconsin Water Science Center were used to build and calibrate single rain garden models. The calibrated rain gardens were incorporated to an urban watershed with an area of 13 acres and 86 houses. The urban watershed model was calibrated by using observed data monitored in the 1960s without rain gardens. Rain garden scenarios were simulated under a continuous rainfall period. Results from this research showed that simulated rain gardens are able to reduce the peak discharge and volume among different return periods. The reduction of peak discharge and volume increased when the quantity of rain gardens increased. The hydrologic effects of rain gardens decreased when the magnitude of the storm increased. The reduction of peak discharge and volume ranged from 5% to 80% depending on the magnitude of the storm. It was found that the antecedent moisture conditions of rain gardens affected their capacity for runoff retention. The results found in this research show that physically distributed models are able to estimate hydrologic effects of rain gardens inside urban watersheds. This modeling approach provides the flexibility to estimate hydrologic effects of different rain gardens layouts under continuous rainfall periods. This modeling approach could be used by engineers and planners to examine hydrologic effects in urban watershed for design purposes.
Book Synopsis Methodology for Analyzing Effects of Urbanization on Water Resource Systems by : Larry W. Mays
Download or read book Methodology for Analyzing Effects of Urbanization on Water Resource Systems written by Larry W. Mays and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Urban Stormwater Management in the United States by : National Research Council
Download or read book Urban Stormwater Management in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-17 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapid conversion of land to urban and suburban areas has profoundly altered how water flows during and following storm events, putting higher volumes of water and more pollutants into the nation's rivers, lakes, and estuaries. These changes have degraded water quality and habitat in virtually every urban stream system. The Clean Water Act regulatory framework for addressing sewage and industrial wastes is not well suited to the more difficult problem of stormwater discharges. This book calls for an entirely new permitting structure that would put authority and accountability for stormwater discharges at the municipal level. A number of additional actions, such as conserving natural areas, reducing hard surface cover (e.g., roads and parking lots), and retrofitting urban areas with features that hold and treat stormwater, are recommended.
Book Synopsis Hydrologic and Ecological Effects of Watershed Urbanization by : Chan Yong Sung
Download or read book Hydrologic and Ecological Effects of Watershed Urbanization written by Chan Yong Sung and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, I examined the effect of watershed urbanization on the invasion of alien woody species in riparian forests. This study was conducted in three major steps: 1) estimating the degree of watershed urbanization using impervious surface maps extracted from remote sensing images; 2) examining the effect of urbanization on hydrologic regime; and 3) investigating a relationship between watershed urbanization and ecosystem invasibility of a riparian forest. I studied twelve riparian forests along urban-rural gradients in Austin, Texas. Hydrologic regimes were quantified by transfer function (TF) models using four-year daily rainfall-streamflow data in two study periods (10/1988-09/1992 and 10/2004-09/2008) between which Austin had experienced rapid urbanization. For each study period, an impervious surface map was generated from Landsat TM image by a support vector machine (SVM) with pairwise coupling. SVM more accurately estimated impervious surface than other subpixel mapping methods. Ecosystem invasibilities were assessed by relative alien cover (RAC) of riparian woody species communities. The results showed that the effects of urbanization differ by hydrogeologic conditions. Of the study watersheds, seven located in a hillslope region experienced the diminishing peakflows between the two study periods, which are contrary to current urban hydrologic model. I attributed the decreased peakflows to land grading that transformed a hillslope into a stair-stepped landscape. In the rest of the watersheds, peakflow diminished between the two study periods perhaps due to the decrease in stormwater infiltration and groundwater pumpage that lowered groundwater level. In both types of watersheds, streamflow rising during a storm event more quickly receded as watershed became more urbanized. This study found a positive relationship between RAC and watershed impervious surface percentage. RAC was also significantly related to flow recession and canopy gap percentages, both of which are indicators of hydrologic disturbance. These results suggest that urbanization facilitated the invasion of alien species in riparian forests by intensifying hydrologic disturbance. The effects of urbanization on ecosystems are complex and vary by local hydrologeologic conditions. These results imply that protection of urban ecosystems should be based on a comprehensive and large-scale management plan.
Book Synopsis Urban Hydrology by : Timothy R. Lazaro
Download or read book Urban Hydrology written by Timothy R. Lazaro and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1979 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development and Its Impact on the Water Balance of an Urban Watershed by : Benjamin Chenevey
Download or read book Development and Its Impact on the Water Balance of an Urban Watershed written by Benjamin Chenevey and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urbanization affects the local hydrologic cycle. Accurate methods for quantifying and analyzing the hydrologic effects of urbanization are vital for sustainability research. In this study, continuous annual water balances are constructed for the Mill Creek Watershed, a highly developed catchment in the Cincinnati, Ohio metropolitan area. Annual urban water fluxes are gathered for a period of 41 consecutive years (1970--2010) and compared against predevelopment hydrologic conditions. Findings show that urbanization has increased the annual average volume of water entering and leaving the Mill Creek Watershed by nearly 30 percent; concurrently annual average evapotranspiration has decreased about 20 percent. The computer program Aquacycle is used to simulate the evolution of the local water balance in the Mill Creek catchment from predevelopment to current conditions. Simulations were used to reconstitute over 100-years of water balance data. Results found a significant overall change in the water balance throughout historic development including a reversal of the dominant water output from atmospheric (evapotranspiration) to overland (streamflow/wastewater) in the 1920s. Looking to the future, Aquacycle forecasts through the year 2050 were created for two scenarios: [i] with and [ii] without widespread green infrastructure (i.e., rain barrels, green roofs, porous pavement). The green infrastructure options were tested to explore the effectiveness of decentralized stormwater management for mitigating the hydrologic impacts of urbanization. Results show that widespread implementation of rain barrels has relatively little impact on the overall catchment water balance while green roofs have the greatest impact on the catchment's hydrologic cycle. The combined effect of all three green infrastructure options show a combined reduction in streamflow and wastewater (10 percent) and a significant rise in evapotranspiration (20 percent) in the Mill Creek Watershed.
Book Synopsis Scaling Issues in Watershed Modeling for Water Quality by : Thomas Schmitz
Download or read book Scaling Issues in Watershed Modeling for Water Quality written by Thomas Schmitz and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A hydrologic model of the Spring Creek watershed was developed using Hydrologic Simulation Program Fortran (HSPF). The objective of the modeling effort was to develop a high resolution hydrologic model capable of modeling water quality. The goal of the model was to represent contaminant loading on a smaller scale than previous modeling efforts in order to identify the most effective areas for implementation of Best Management Practices (BMP) and the most effective types of BMPs to employ.
Book Synopsis Hydroecologic Effects of Urban Development Decisions in Residential Areas by : Carolyn Breden Voter
Download or read book Hydroecologic Effects of Urban Development Decisions in Residential Areas written by Carolyn Breden Voter and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As our urban areas grow, so too do these unintended hydrologic consequences of both urban development and traditional stormwater management systems. To combat these issues, cities are increasingly turning to stormwater management practices that better mimic natural hydrology by capturing, infiltrating, or evapotranspiring water in a distributed fashion throughout the watershed. These low impact development (LID) practices have proven effective at locally altering the water balance, but quantitative performance can vary widely across studies and it can be difficult to untangle which site-specific characteristics (e.g., climate, soil, vegetation, microtopography, impervious connectivity) are the most important drivers of observed differences in hydrologic behavior. In order to increase the adoption and reliability of LID, there is a continued need to improve our scientific understanding of how site-specific characteristics affect urban hydrologic processes and the performance of LID practices. In this dissertation, I use a physically-based hydrologic model, ParFlow.CLM, to simulate surface and subsurface hydrology at a high (0.5m) spatial resolution on single-family parcels and explore the effects of LID practices on parcel-scale runoff, deep drainage, and evapotranspiration. First, I examine how three "impervious-centric" practices (disconnecting downspouts, disconnecting sidewalks, and adding a transverse slope to the driveway and front walk), two "pervious-centric" practices (decompacting soil and adding microtopography), and all possible "holistic" combinations affect parcel-scale hydrology. Second, I systematically explore how climate moderates the effects of these LID practices on the water balance by forcing a baseline parcel with no LID practices and a parcel with all five LID practices with one year of hourly meteorological records from the 50 largest U.S. cities plus Madison, WI. Third, I more closely examine the potential of soil amendment as a LID practice by comparing targeting soil amendment a) disconnected impervious features, b) by drainage area, c) by topographic wetness index (TWI), and d) randomly. Lastly, I determine which attributes of residential single-family parcels best predict changes in hydrologic fluxes due to infiltration-based LID practices by 1) developing a suite of typical single-family lot layouts based on property assessor data for tax parcels in Madison, WI, 2) simulating baseline and low impact versions of these lots using ParFlow.CLM, and 3) building statistical models that relate single-family lot attributes to changes in runoff and deep drainage. This research demonstrates the crucial role of impervious-pervious interfaces on urban hydrology. While these sub-parcel features are rarely captured in urban hydrologic models, they have the potential to substantially alter the urban hydrologic water balance. LID interventions which both disconnect impervious surfaces and increase the infiltration capacity of soil adjacent to these features can efficiently and effectively alter the water balance at the parcel scale. The degree of hydrologic change possible from these LID practices is largely driven by the size of all impervious surfaces, the size of the house, and the size of the street plus alley; lot attributes which can be easily identified by water resources managers as a "first-cut" for determining where to encourage LID practices on private property. When evaluating which types of LID practices to promote, it is critical to consider climate characteristics like the aridity index and, to a lesser extent, rainfall intensity and the relative timing of energy and water availability. Overall, this research offers new insights into how site-specific, subparcel characteristics interact to affect larger-scale urban hydrologic processes.
Book Synopsis Selected Water Resources Abstracts by :
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 1124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impacts of Urbanization and Climate Change on the Hydrological Cycle by : Lele Shu
Download or read book Impacts of Urbanization and Climate Change on the Hydrological Cycle written by Lele Shu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past one hundred years have seen a tremendous migration to towns and cities worldwide. This population movement exerts serious impacts on surface and ground- water supplies, soil health, and the sustainability of ecosystems. At the same time, climate change has become a decisive influence on water systems as land conversion continues. Historically, urbanization and climate change were two important determinants in the sustainability of water, food and energy supplies, as well as the increasing risk of environmental hazards.At the watershed scale the evolving land use change in urban areas does not only change the flood risk because of increasing impervious areas or by directly reducing the consumption of water by trees and plants, but also fundamentally alters the local water balance and the partitioning of water within the land-atmosphere- ecological system. Both land use change and climate change may influence the urban watershed in ways that reinforce or compensate sustainable management.In this study we applied two spatially explicit models to the problem. One is the Penn State Integrated Hydrologic Model (PIHM), a hydrologic model that partitions the water balance in space and time over the urban catchment. The other is the Cellular Automata Land Use Change Model (CALUC), a land use change model, which simulates the evolution of land use classes based on physical measures associated with population change and land use demand factors.We selected two study sites, one modern and one ancient, to highlight the capability of coupling catchment hydrology with land use change models. The goal is to assess the role of hydrologic change in urbanizing watersheds and to evaluate the contemporaneous impacts of climate change. The modern sites are the Conestoga watershed and the Lancaster PA urban center; the historical site is the ancient Maya city of Tikal in Peten region of Guatemala. In each setting, the essential data was developed and the models were used to evaluate how urbanization and land use change gradually altered the entire water balance often in unexpected ways.Chapter 1 introduces the overall problem and carries out a comprehensive literature review for each of the following chapters. Chapter 2 discusses the relevant models used in the study, and the role of model parameterization, particularly the important role that macropores have on maintaining a healthy soil and supporting soil moisture and recharge to groundwater. Chapter 2 also describes the Cellular Automata Land Use Change model, which is adopted here to simulate land use conditions. Chapter 3 then evaluates the past, present and future land use conditions in the Conestoga watershed and develops quantitative metrics of evaluation. Chapter 4 extends the Conestoga case study to evaluate hydrologic performance when dynamic land use and future climate change scenarios from IPCC are the drivers. An evaluation of the relative importance of land use and climate to hydrologic change is presented. Chapter 5 implements the models in a retrospective scenario of the water history of the ancient Maya city of Tikal and discusses the problem of urbanization-deforestation-agriculture land conversion, and the likely sensitivity of their water supply to extreme climate events. Chapter 6 summarizes the two case studies and makes inferences on the resilience and elasticity of the two study sites to climate and land use change.
Book Synopsis A study of some effects of urbanization on the Barton Creek watershed by : Espey, Huston & Associates
Download or read book A study of some effects of urbanization on the Barton Creek watershed written by Espey, Huston & Associates and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of urban development on stream ecosystems in nine metropolitan study areas across the United States by : James F. Coles
Download or read book Effects of urban development on stream ecosystems in nine metropolitan study areas across the United States written by James F. Coles and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spring Meeting by : American Geophysical Union. Meeting
Download or read book Spring Meeting written by American Geophysical Union. Meeting and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Water Resources Research Catalog by : United States. Office of Water Research and Technology
Download or read book Water Resources Research Catalog written by United States. Office of Water Research and Technology and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 1536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with vol. 9, only new and continuing but modified projects are listed. Vols. 8- should be kept as a record of continuing but unchanged projects.
