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Mirrors For Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines
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Book Synopsis Mirrors for Synchrotron-radiation Beamlines by :
Download or read book Mirrors for Synchrotron-radiation Beamlines written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors consider the role of mirrors in synchrotron-radiation beamlines and discuss the optical considerations involved in their design. They discuss toroidal, spherical, elliptical, and paraboloidal mirrors in detail with particular attention to their aberration properties. They give a treatment of the sine condition and describe its role in correcting the coma of axisymmetric systems. They show in detail how coma is inevitable in single-reflection, grazing-incidence systems but correctable in two-reflection systems such as those of the Wolter type. In an appendix, they give the theory of point aberrations of reflectors of a general shape and discuss the question of correct naming of aberrations. In particular, a strict definition of coma is required if attempts at correction are to be based on the sine condition.
Book Synopsis Gratings, Mirrors and Slits by : WB Peatman
Download or read book Gratings, Mirrors and Slits written by WB Peatman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended to provide scientists and engineers at synchrotron radiation facilities with a sound and convenient basis for designing beamlines for monochromatic soft x-ray radiation, this text will also be helpful to the users of synchrotron radiation who want to help ensure that beamlines being built are optimized for the experiments to be performed on them. The primary purpose of a beamline is to capture as much of the light of the source as possible and then to transfer the desired portion of that light as completely as possible to the experiment. With the development of dedicated, brilliant synchrotron radiation sources, the first half of the task has been greatly simplified. The beamline designer must contend with the second half of the problem -- conserving the brilliance of the source through an optical system which monochromatizes and focuses the radiation.
Book Synopsis Gratings, Mirrors and Slits by : W B Peatman
Download or read book Gratings, Mirrors and Slits written by W B Peatman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-05-22 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended to provide scientists and engineers at synchrotron radiation facilities with a sound and convenient basis for designing beamlines for monochromatic soft x-ray radiation, this text will also be helpful to the users of synchrotron radiation who want to help ensure that beamlines being built are optimized for the experiments to be performed on them. The primary purpose of a beamline is to capture as much of the light of the source as possible and then to transfer the desired portion of that light as completely as possible to the experiment. With the development of dedicated, brilliant synchrotron radiation sources, the first half of the task has been greatly simplified. The beamline designer must contend with the second half of the problem -- conserving the brilliance of the source through an optical system which monochromatizes and focuses the radiation.
Author :Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers Publisher :SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering ISBN 13 : Total Pages :282 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Materials, Manufacturing, and Measurement for Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors by : Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers
Download or read book Materials, Manufacturing, and Measurement for Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors written by Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1997 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis VUV and soft x-ray mirrors for synchrotron radiation by : Victor Rehn
Download or read book VUV and soft x-ray mirrors for synchrotron radiation written by Victor Rehn and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Multilayer-coated Mirrors as Power Filters in Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines by :
Download or read book Multilayer-coated Mirrors as Power Filters in Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multilayer-coated mirrors, rather than conventional total-reflection mirrors, have been proposed as a means to reduce power incident on the first optical element of high resolution monochromators. We have designed, fabricated, installed and characterized a multilayer pre-mirror specifically for the 800 to 4000 eV range for the X24-A bending magnet beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source. Various aspects of this application are discussed, including power and thermal considerations, beamline layout considerations and constraints, choice of multilayer materials and substrate, and techniques to ensure lateral uniformity of the multilayer. Results of a preliminary characterization of a mirror coated with a SiC/V multilayer and installed in the beamline are also discussed. 9 refs., 5 figs.
Book Synopsis Optical Systems for Synchrotron Radiation. Lecture 2. Mirror Systems by :
Download or read book Optical Systems for Synchrotron Radiation. Lecture 2. Mirror Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of reflection of VUV and x-radiation is summarized. The functions of mirrors in synchrotron beamlines are described, which include deflection, filtration, power absorption, formation of a real image, focusing, and collimation. Fabrication of optical surfaces for synchrotron radiation beamlines are described, and include polishing of a near spherical surface as well as bending a cylindrical surface to toroidal shape. The imperfections present in mirrors, aberrations and surface figure inaccuracy, are discussed. Calculation of the thermal load of a mirror in a synchrotron radiation beam and the cooling of the mirror are covered briefly. 50 refs., 7 figs. (LEW).
Book Synopsis Mirror and Grating Surface Figure Requirements for Grazing Incidence Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines by :
Download or read book Mirror and Grating Surface Figure Requirements for Grazing Incidence Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At present, grazing incidence mirrors are used almost exclusively as the first optical element in VUV and soft x-ray synchrotron radiation beamlines. The performance of these mirrors is determined by thermal and mechanical stress-induced figure errors as well as by figure errors remaining from the grinding and polishing process. With the advent of VUV and soft x-ray undulators and wigglers has come a new set of thermal stress problems related to both the magnitude and the spatial distribution of power from these devices. In many cases the power load on the entrance slits and gratings in these beamlines is no longer negligible. The dependence of thermally-induced front-end mirror figure errors on various storage ring and insertion device parameters (especially those at the National Synchrotron Light Source) and the effects of these figure errors on two classes of soft x-ray beamlines are presented.
Book Synopsis Optics for High-brightness Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines by :
Download or read book Optics for High-brightness Synchrotron Radiation Beamlines written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Development of Highly Polished, Grazing Incidence Mirrors for Synchrotron Radiation Beam Lines at SSRL. by :
Download or read book Development of Highly Polished, Grazing Incidence Mirrors for Synchrotron Radiation Beam Lines at SSRL. written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New platinum-coated grazing incidence mirrors with low surface roughnesses have been developed to focus bending magnet radiation from the SSRL/SLAC SPEAR storage ring on the entrance slits of two Beam Line VIII grating monochromators. The first mirror in the toroidal grating monochromator (TGM) branch is a cooled SiC cylinder capable of absorbing synchrotron radiation power levels of up to 260 watts without excessive distortion. This mirror deflects the beam vertically through a 12° angle and focuses it sagitally on the TGM entrance slit plane. The second TGM optical element is a fused-silica spherical mirror with a large radius of curvature that deflects the beam vertically through an additional 12° and focuses it tangentially with 3/1 demagnification. The first mirror in our spherical grating branch is a 5/degree/-vertically deflecting, cooled SiC toroid designed to focus tangentially on the monochromator entrance slits and sagitally in the exit slits. A 4/degree/-deflecting fused silica mirror is used after the exit sites in each beam line to refocus on to the sample. For this application a thin cylinder is bent to approximate an ellipsoid. The mirrors are now installed at SSRL and performance measurements are planned. Qualitatively the focus of the TGM optics at the entrance slit plane appears very good. In this paper we discuss considerations leading to the choice of SiC for each of the two first mirrors. We present highlights of the development of these mirrors with some emphasis on SiC polishing techniques. In addition, the specialized metrology developed to produce the more difficult figure of the toroid will be described. Measured surface roughness and figure results will be presented. 19 refs., 11 figs.
Book Synopsis Thermal Loading Considerations for Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors by :
Download or read book Thermal Loading Considerations for Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grazing incidence mirrors used to focus synchrotron radiation beams through small distant apertures have severe optical requirements. The surface distortion due to heat loading of the first mirror in a bending magnet beam line is of particular concern when a large fraction of the incident beam is absorbed. In this paper we discuss mirror design considerations involved in minimizing the thermal/mechanical loading on vertically deflecting first surface mirrors required for SPEAR synchrotron radiation beam lines. Topics include selection of mirror material and cooling method, the choice of SiC for the substrate, optimization of the thickness, and the design of the mirror holder and cooling mechanism. Results obtained using two-dimensional, finite-element thermal/mechanical distortion analysis are presented for the case of a 6° grazing incidence SiC mirror absorbing up to 260 W at Beam Line VIII on the SPEAR ring. Test descriptions and results are given for the material used to thermally couple this SiC mirror to a water-cooled block. The interface material is limited to applications for which the equivalent normal heat load is less than 20 W/cm2.
Book Synopsis A Water-cooled Mirror System for Synchrotron Radiation by :
Download or read book A Water-cooled Mirror System for Synchrotron Radiation written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes the design and performance of a directly-cooled soft x-ray mirror system which has been developed at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory for synchrotron radiation beam lines in which mirror thermal distortion must be minimized for acceptable optical performance. Two similar mirror systems are being built: the first mirror has been installed and operated at the National Synchrotron Light Source on the X-17T mini-undulator beam line and will be moved to the permanent X-1 beam line when a new, more powerful undulator is installed there. The second system is being built for installation at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory on Beam Line VI, where the total absorbed power on the mirror may be as high as 2400 W with peak absorbed power density of 520 W/cm2. Direct cooling by convection is achieved using internal water channels in a brazed, dispersion-strengthened copper and OFHC copper substrate with a polished electroless-nickel surface. A simple kinematic linkage and flexural pivot mounting provide for mirror positioning about two rotational axes that coincide with the optical surface. Surface figure metrology, optical configurations, and tolerancing are also discussed. 11 refs., 8 figs.
Book Synopsis 3-D Surface Profile Measurements of Large X-ray Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors Using Stitching Interferometry by :
Download or read book 3-D Surface Profile Measurements of Large X-ray Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors Using Stitching Interferometry written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stitching interferometry, using small-aperture, high-resolution, phase-measuring interferometry, has been proposed for quite some time now as a metrology technique to obtain 3-dimensional profiles of surfaces of oversized optical components and substrates. The aim of this work is to apply this method to the specific case of long grazing-incidence x-ray mirrors, such as those used in beamlines at synchrotron radiation facilities around the world. Both fabrication and characterization of these mirrors would greatly benefit from this technique because it offers the potential for providing measurements with accuracy and resolution better than those obtained using existing noncontact laser profilers, such as the long trace profiler (LTP). Measurement data can be used as feedback for computer-controlled fabrication processes to correct for possible topography errors. The data can also be used for simulating and predicting mirror performance under realistic conditions. A semiautomated stitching system was built and tested at the X-ray Optics Metrology Laboratory of the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory. The initial objective was to achieve a measurement sensitivity on the order of 1[micro]rad rms. Preliminary tests on a 1 m-long x-ray mirror showed system repeatability of less than 0.6[micro]rad rms. This value is comparable to that of a conventional LTP. The measurement accuracy was mostly affected by environmental perturbations and system calibration effects. With a fully automated and improved system (to be built in the near future), we expect to achieve measurement sensitivity on the order of 0.0[micro]rad rms or better. In this paper, after a brief review of basic principles and general technical difficulties and challenges of the stitching technique, a detailed description of the measurement setup is given and preliminary results obtained with it are analyzed and discussed.
Book Synopsis Comparison of Technology for High-power Laser Mirrors and Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors by :
Download or read book Comparison of Technology for High-power Laser Mirrors and Synchrotron Radiation Mirrors written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are obvious differences but some surprising similarities between high-power laser mirrors designed for use in the visible and infrared wavelengths and synchrotron mirrors designed for use at x-ray wavelengths. The use of synchrotron mirrors at grazing incidence results in a relaxation of figure, surface microroughness, and thermal heating tolerances relative to the wavelength of nearly two orders of magnitude. As a result, the tolerances become roughly comparable to those desired for high-power laser mirrors for the visible region of the spectrum. Experience gained over the years by laser mirror designers in substrate design, the influence of metallic coatings on thermal and optical performance and limiting values for surface microroughness may be helpful to designers of synchrotron systems, but exploitation of the promise of the new synchrotron systems still represents a challenging problem for researchers. The specifications and operational approaches to meeting them for the new Advanced Photon Source at Argonne National Laboratory are given.
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Radiation and Precision Mirror Metrology with a Long Trace Profiler by :
Download or read book Synchrotron Radiation and Precision Mirror Metrology with a Long Trace Profiler written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Long Trace Profiler (LTP) is in use at several synchrotron radiation (SR) laboratories throughout the world and by a number of manufacturers who specialize in making grazing incidence mirrors for SR customers. Recent improvements in the design and operation of the LTP system have reduced the slope profile error bar to the level of 0.3 microradians RMS over measurement lengths of 0.5 meter. This corresponds to a height error bar on the order of 20 nanometers. This level of performance allows one to measure with confidence the shape of large cylinders and spheres that have kilometer radii of curvature in the axial direction. The LTP is versatile enough to make measurements of a mirror in the face up, sideways, and face down configurations. The authors will illustrate the versatility of the current version of the instrument, the LTP II, and present results from two new versions of the instrument: the in-situ LTP (ISLTP) and the Vertical Scan LTP (VSLTP). Both of them are based on the penta-prism LTP (ppLTP) principle with a stationary optical head and moving penta-prism. The ISLTP is designed to measure the distortion of high heat load mirrors during actual operation in SR beam lines. The VSLTP is designed to measure the complete 3-dimensional shape of x-ray telescope cylinder mirrors and mandrels in a vertical configuration. Scans are done both in the axial direction and in the azimuthal direction.
Book Synopsis Metrology of Reflection Optics for Synchrotron Radiation by :
Download or read book Metrology of Reflection Optics for Synchrotron Radiation written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen an almost explosive growth in the number of beam lines on new and existing synchrotron radiation facilities throughout the world. The need for optical components to utilize the unique characteristics of synchrotron radiation has increased accordingly. Unfortunately, the technology to manufacture and measure the large, smooth, exotic optical surfaces required to focus and steer the synchrotron radiation beam has not progressed as rapidly as the operational demands on these components. Most companies do not wish to become involved with a project that requires producing a single, very expensive, aspheric optic with surface roughness and figure tolerances that are beyond their capabilities to measure. This paper will review some of the experiences of the National Synchrotron Light Source in procuring grazing incidence optical components over the past several years. We will review the specification process - how it is related to the function of the optic, and how it relates to the metrology available during the manufacturing process and after delivery to the user's laboratory. We will also discuss practical aspects of our experience with new technologies, such as single point diamond turning of metal mirrors and the use of SiC as a mirror material. Recent advances in metrology instrumentation have the potential to move the measurement of surface figure and finish from the research laboratory into the optical shop, which should stimulate growth and interest in the manufacturing of optics to meet the needs of the synchrotron radiation user community.
Book Synopsis Micromachined Mirrors for Raster-scanning Displays and Optical Fiber Switches by : Paul Merritt Hagelin
Download or read book Micromachined Mirrors for Raster-scanning Displays and Optical Fiber Switches written by Paul Merritt Hagelin and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
