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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780726223327
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (233 download)
Download or read book Microscopical Determination of the Reflectance of Coal Macerals written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (138 download)
Download or read book Methods for microscopical determination of the reflectance of coal macerals written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alan Davis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Measurement of Reflectance of Coal Macerals written by Alan Davis and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (138 download)
Download or read book Methods for microscopical determination of the reflectance of coal macerals written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Alan Davis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book The Measurement of Reflectance of Coal Macerals written by Alan Davis and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A prime objective of the Pennsylvania State University's DOE program is the characterization of 1,300 samples of U.S. coals. Reflectance determination plays a major role in meeting this objective, because it is used as an accurate rank index both to select coals for testing and to investigate property-behavior interrelationships using the Penn State/DOE Coal Data Base. Reflectances of coal macerals are related to their refractive and absorptive indices by the Beer equation; the refractive index of the medium and the wavelength of light need to be specified. Determinations usually are made in immersion oil at 546 nm. Properties of vitrinite make it the most suitable maceral for these measurements, but the variety of vitrinite selected may depend upon the intended application. Vitrinite reflectance is considered to be dependent upon the degree of aromatization of its structural units. Although some of the earlier investigators believed that the reflectance of coals increased in a discontinuous, stepped manner as their rank increased, the bulk of assembled data suggests that the change is continuous. Some recent results indicate that there may be more than one coalification track for coals with different geological histories, resulting in displacement from the general trend. Several techniques have been employed to determine the optical properties of coal constituents. Usual comparative method involves the use of a microscope photometer to compare the intensity of light reflected by particles within a polished pellet of coal to that of a glass or synthetic mineral standard. Because coal is anisotropic it is common to measure either maximum reflectance in polarized light or random reflectance in non-polarized light. Various eqipment modifications and accessories have been used to improve the ease of measuring maximum reflectance.
Download or read book Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Vitrinite Reflectance of Coal written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : D. S. Hoover
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book The Development and Evaluation of an Automated Reflectance Microscope System for the Petrographic Characterization of Bituminous Coals written by D. S. Hoover and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Bern Porter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (243 download)
Download or read book A Microscope System Using Automated Reflectance Scanning to Study Coal Components written by Bern Porter and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : James G. Speight
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471718505
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (717 download)
Download or read book Handbook of Coal Analysis written by James G. Speight and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-05-13 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All the guidance needed to test coal and analyze the results With the skyrocketing costs of most fuel sources, government, industry, and consumers are taking a greater interest in coal, an abundant and inexpensive alternative, which has been made more environmentally friendly through new technology. Published in response to this renewed interest, Handbook of Coal Analysis provides readers with everything they need to know about testing and analyzing coal. Moreover, it explains the meaning of test results and how these results can predict coal behavior and its corresponding environmental impact during use. The thorough coverage of coal analysis includes: * Detailed presentation of necessary standard tests and procedures * Explanation of coal behavior relative to its usage alongside the corresponding environmental issues * Coverage of nomenclature, terminology, sampling, and accuracy and precision of analysis * Step-by-step test method protocols for proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, mineral matter, physical and electrical properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties, spectroscopic properties, and solvent properties * Emphasis on relevant American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards and test methods, including corresponding International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and British Standards Institution (BSI) test method numbers To assist readers in understanding the material, a glossary of terms is provided. Each term is defined in straightforward language that enables readers to better grasp complex concepts and theory. References at the end of each chapter lead readers to more in-depth discussions of specialized topics. This is an essential reference for analytical chemists, process chemists, and engineers in the coal industry as well as other professionals and researchers who are looking to coal as a means to decrease dependence on foreign oil sources and devise more efficient, cleaner methods of energy production.
Author : ASTM International
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 6 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Standard Test Method for Microscopical Determination of the Maceral Compositions of Coal written by ASTM International and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dave Osborne
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 085709730X
Total Pages : 787 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)
Download or read book The Coal Handbook: Towards Cleaner Production written by Dave Osborne and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-31 with total page 787 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal is an important fossil fuel resource for many nations due to its large remaining resources, relatively low production and processing cost and potential high energy intensity. Certain issues surround its utilisation, however, including emissions of pollutants and growing concern about climate change. The coal handbook: Towards cleaner production Volume 1 reviews the coal production supply chain from analysis to extraction and distribution.Part one explores coal characterisation and introduces the industrial use of coal as well as coal formation, petrography, reserves, sampling and analysis. Part two moves on to review coal extraction and preparation. Chapters highlight advances in coal mining technology, underground coal gas extraction, coal sizing, comminution and cleaning, and solid-liquid separation technologies for coal. Further chapters focus on economic factors affecting coal preparation, post-treatment of coal, coal tailings treatment, and the optimisation, simulation and control of coal preparation plants. Finally, part three considers aspects of the coal supply chain including the management approach and individual functions such as coal blending and homogenisation, transportation and handling along the entire supply chain.With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, The coal handbook Volumes 1 and 2 is a comprehensive and invaluable resource for professionals in the coal mining, preparation, and utilisation industry, those in the power sector, including plant operators and engineers, and researchers and academics interested in this field. - Reviews the coal production supply chain from analysis to extraction and distribution - Explores coal characterisation, formation, petrography, reserves, sampling and analysis - Examines coal extraction and preparation and highlights advances in coal mining technology, underground coal gas extraction, coal sizing, comminution and cleaning, and solid-liquid separation technologies
Download or read book Development and Evaluation of an Automated Reflectance Microscope System for the Petrographic Characterization of Bituminous Coals written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of automated coal petrographic techniques will lessen the demands on skilled personnel to do routine work. This project is concerned with the development and successful testing of an instrument which will meet these needs. The fundamental differences in reflectance of the three primary maceral groups should enable their differentiation in an automated-reflectance frequency histogram (reflectogram). Consequently, reflected light photometry was chosen as the method for automating coal petrographic analysis. Three generations of an automated system (called Rapid Scan Versions I, II and III) were developed and evaluated for petrographic analysis. Their basic design was that of a reflected-light microscope photometer with an automatic stage, interfaced with a minicomputer. The hardware elements used in the Rapid Scan Version I limited the system's flexibility and presented problems with signal digitization and measurement precision. Rapid Scan Version II was designed to incorporate a new microscope photometer and computer system. A digital stepping stage was incorporated into the Rapid Scan Version III system. The precision of reflectance determination of this system was found to be +- 0.02 percent reflectance. The limiting factor in quantitative interpretation of Rapid Scan reflectograms is the resolution of reflectance populations of the individual maceral groups. Statistical testing indicated that reflectograms were highly reproducible, and a new computer program, PETAN, was written to interpret the curves for vitrinite reflectance parameters ad petrographic.
Author : Erich Stach
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 460 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (41 download)
Download or read book Stach's Textbook of Coal Petrology written by Erich Stach and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rafael Kandiyoti
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080463606
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Solid Fuels and Heavy Hydrocarbon Liquids: Thermal Characterization and Analysis written by Rafael Kandiyoti and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-04-06 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first strand involves a critical overview of the design of experimental methods used for examining the thermal behaviour of solid fuels [pyrolysis, liquefaction and gasification], while the second will emphasise chemical structures and molecular mass distributions of coal derived tars, extracts and pitches, petroleum-derived asphaltenes, and biomass derived heavy hydrocarbon liquids.Two major, interdependent strands in the study of fossil and renewable fuel utilisation are focused on within this text:(i) Thermal characterisation of solid fuels including various ranks of coals, biomass and waste, and, (ii) The analytical characterisation of heavy hydrocarbon liquids, covering coal, petroleum and biomass derived heavy fractions.Two major, interdependent strands in the study of fossil and renewable fuel utilisation are focused on within this text: (i) Thermal characterisation of solid fuels including various ranks of coals, biomass and waste, and, (ii) The analytical characterisation of heavy hydrocarbon liquids, covering coal, petroleum and biomass derived heavy fractions.
Author : Isabel Suárez-Ruiz
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 9780080450513
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (55 download)
Download or read book Applied Coal Petrology written by Isabel Suárez-Ruiz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An understanding of basic coal properties is important for achieving reductions in trace element emissions and improving the efficiency of combustion and combined-cycle gasification. The production of methane from coal beds is related to the properties of the in situ coal. Similarly, coal bed sequestration of carbon dioxide produced from combustion is dependent on the reservoir properties. Environmental problems accompany coal on its way from the mine to the point of utilization and beyond. Health aspects related with coal mining and coal utilization are also included because, in planning for coal use, it is impossible to separate environmental and health issues from the discussion of coal utilization. The book is aimed at a wide audience, ranging from researchers, lecturers and students to professionals in industry and discusses issues (such as the environmental, and health) that are of concern to the general public as a whole.-
Author : Randall E. Winans
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (44 download)
Download or read book Chemistry and Characterization of Coal Macerals written by Randall E. Winans and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Canadian Society for Coal Science and Organic Petrology
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (562 download)
Download or read book Petrographic Atlas of Canadian Coal Macerals and Dispersed Organic Matter written by Canadian Society for Coal Science and Organic Petrology and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
