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Microcirculation As Related To Shock
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Book Synopsis Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition by : Roland N. Pittman
Download or read book Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition written by Roland N. Pittman and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved.
Book Synopsis Microcirculation as Related to Shock by : David Shepro
Download or read book Microcirculation as Related to Shock written by David Shepro and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microcirculation as Related to Shock contains the proceedings of the 1967 Conference on the Microcirculation as Related to Shock held at Boston University. Contributors address reduced blood flow in the microcirculation and microcirculatory hypoperfusion as the focal point of shock. They also review significant progress in shock research, basic cardiovascular physiology, and cognate interdisciplinary fields. This volume is organized into four sections encompassing 26 chapters and begins with an overview of organs and systems involved in shock, including splanchnic circulation, regulatory mechanisms in shock, and microcirculatory studies in hypotension. The next chapters explore the causative factors that produce the state of low blood flow as found in shock, and whether microcirculatory hypoperfusion in humans can be prevented and treated. The book also discusses whether microcirculatory hypoperfusion can be measured in the patient and concludes with an assessment of promising avenues for further research, emphasizing the measurement of blood viscosity, shear stress, and rheological factors as indices of the degree of hypotension. This book is a valuable source of information for physiologists, biologists, and pathologists, as well as those involved in the medical sciences.
Book Synopsis Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2013 by : Jean-Louis Vincent
Download or read book Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2013 written by Jean-Louis Vincent and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-08 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Yearbook compiles the most recent developments in experimental andclinical research and practice in one comprehensive reference book. Thechapters are written by well recognized experts in the field of intensive care and emergency medicine. It is addressed to everyone involved in internal medicine, anesthesia, surgery, pediatrics, intensive care and emergency medicine.
Book Synopsis Monitoring Tissue Perfusion in Shock by : Alexandre Augusto Pinto Lima
Download or read book Monitoring Tissue Perfusion in Shock written by Alexandre Augusto Pinto Lima and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-04 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes various aspects of the basic physiological processes critical to tissue perfusion and cellular oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, blood flow distribution and microcirculation. In the context of monitoring critically ill patients in the early hours of circulatory shock, it is essential to recognize changes in traditional parameters such as mean arterial pressure and cardiac output, and to assess the need for active intervention. However, even if global macrocirculatory variables are restored, abnormalities in tissue oxygenation may persist. Tissue hypoperfusion is connected to the development of organ failure and, if it goes unrecognized, may worsen the prognosis. As a result, there is a growing interest in methods for monitoring regional perfusion in peripheral tissues to predict or diagnose ongoing hypoperfusion. In this work, eminent experts from a range of disciplines convey a working knowledge of how regional monitoring in shock can complement the conventional global parameters of oxygen transport, and demonstrate that real-time bedside assessment of tissue oxygenation is readily achievable using noninvasive monitoring techniques. Accordingly, the book offers a valuable, easy-to-use guide for the entire ICU team and other clinicians.
Book Synopsis Fluid Resuscitation by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Fluid Resuscitation written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-10-05 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historically, 20% of all injured combatants die on the battlefield before they can be evacuated to a field hospital. Blood lossâ€"hemorrhageâ€"is the single major cause of death among those killed in action whose lives might otherwise be saved. Fluid resuscitation and the treatment of hypovolemia (the abnormally decreased volume of circulating fluid in the body) offer the greatest opportunity for reducing mortality and morbidity associated with battlefield casualties. In Fluid Resuscitation, a committee of experts assess current resuscitation fluids and protocols for the treatment of combat casualties and make recommendations for future research. Chapters focus on the pathophysiology of acute hemorrhagic shock, experience with and complications of fluid resuscitation, novel approaches to the treatment of shock, protocols of care at the site of injury, and future directions for research. The committee explicitly describes the similarities and differences between acute medical care during combat and civilian emergency trauma care. Fluid Resuscitation should help energize and focus research in both civilian and military emergency care and help save the lives of citizens and soldiers alike.
Book Synopsis Hemodynamic Monitoring by : Michael R. Pinsky
Download or read book Hemodynamic Monitoring written by Michael R. Pinsky and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-21 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, part of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine textbook series, teaches readers how to use hemodynamic monitoring, an essential skill for today’s intensivists. It offers a valuable guide for beginners, as well as for experienced intensivists who want to hone their skills, helping both groups detect an inadequacy of perfusion and make the right choices to achieve the main goal of hemodynamic monitoring in the critically ill, i.e., to correctly assess the cardiovascular system and its response to tissue oxygen demands. The book is divided into distinguished sections: from physiology to pathophysiology; clinical assessment and measurements; and clinical practice achievements including techniques, the basic goals in clinical practice as well as the more appropriate hemodynamic therapy to be applied in different conditions. All chapters use a learning-oriented style, with practical examples, key points and take home messages, helping readers quickly absorb the content and, at the same time, apply what they have learned in the clinical setting. The European Society of Intensive Care Medicine has developed the Lessons from the ICU series with the vision of providing focused and state-of-the-art overviews of central topics in Intensive Care and optimal resources for clinicians working in Intensive Care.
Book Synopsis ABC of Hypertension by : D. Gareth Beevers
Download or read book ABC of Hypertension written by D. Gareth Beevers and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypertension is a condition which affects millions of peopleworldwide and its treatment greatly reduces the risk of strokes andheart attacks. This fully revised and updated edition of the ABCof Hypertension is an established guide providing all thenon-specialist needs to know about the measurement of bloodpressure and the investigation and management of hypertensivepatients. This new edition provides comprehensively updated andrevised information on how and whom to treat. The ABC of Hypertension will prove invaluable to generalpractitioners who may be screening large numbers of patients forhypertension, as well as nurse practitioners, midwives and otherhealthcare professionals.
Book Synopsis Oxford Textbook of Critical Care by : Webb
Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Critical Care written by Webb and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-01-10 with total page 1961 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in paperback, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Care is a comprehensive multi-disciplinary text covering all aspects of adult intensive care management. Uniquely this text takes a problem-orientated approach providing a key resource for daily clinical issues in the intensive care unit. The text is organized into short topics allowing readers to rapidly access authoritative information on specific clinical problems. Each topic refers to basic physiological principles and provides up-to-date treatment advice supported by references to the most vital literature. Where international differences exist in clinical practice, authors cover alternative views. Key messages summarise each topic in order to aid quick review and decision making. Edited and written by an international group of recognized experts from many disciplines, the second edition of the Oxford Textbook of Critical Careprovides an up-to-date reference that is relevant for intensive care units and emergency departments globally. This volume is the definitive text for all health care providers, including physicians, nurses, respiratory therapists, and other allied health professionals who take care of critically ill patients.
Book Synopsis Advanced Perioperative Crisis Management by : Matthew D. McEvoy
Download or read book Advanced Perioperative Crisis Management written by Matthew D. McEvoy and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-07-25 with total page 729 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Perioperative Crisis Management is a high-yield, clinically-relevant resource for understanding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, assessment, and management of a wide variety of perioperative emergencies. Three introductory chapters review a critical thinking approach to the unstable or pulseless patient, crisis resource management principles to improve team performance and the importance of cognitive aids in adhering to guidelines during perioperative crises. The remaining sections cover six major areas of patient instability: cardiac, pulmonary, neurologic, metabolic/endocrine, and toxin-related disorders, and shock states, as well as specific emergencies for obstetrical and pediatric patients. Each chapter opens with a clinical case, followed by a discussion of the relevant evidence. Case-based learning discussion questions, which can be used for self-assessment or in the classroom, round out each chapter. Advanced Perioperative Crisis Management is an ideal resource for trainees, clinicians, and nurses who work in the perioperative arena, from the operating room to the postoperative surgical ward.
Book Synopsis Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction by : Filippo Crea
Download or read book Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction written by Filippo Crea and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-08-15 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past two decades a number of studies have shown that abnormalities in the function and structure of coronary microcirculation can be detected in several cardiovascular diseases. On the basis of the clinical setting in which it occurs, coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) can be classified into four types: CMD in the absence of any other cardiac disease; CMD in myocardial diseases; CMD in obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease; and iatrogenic CMD. In some instances CMD represents an epiphenomenon, whereas in others it represents an important marker of risk or may contribute to the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia, thus becoming a possible therapeutic target. This book provides an update on coronary physiology and a systematic assessment of microvascular abnormalities in cardiovascular diseases, in the hope that it will assist clinicians in prevention, detection and management of CMD in their everyday activity.
Book Synopsis Skeletal Muscle Circulation by : Ronald J. Korthuis
Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Circulation written by Ronald J. Korthuis and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this treatise is to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms for blood flow control to skeletal muscle under resting conditions, how perfusion is elevated (exercise hyperemia) to meet the increased demand for oxygen and other substrates during exercise, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health, the regulation of transcapillary fluid filtration and protein flux across the microvascular exchange vessels, and the role of changes in the skeletal muscle circulation in pathologic states. Skeletal muscle is unique among organs in that its blood flow can change over a remarkably large range. Compared to blood flow at rest, muscle blood flow can increase by more than 20-fold on average during intense exercise, while perfusion of certain individual white muscles or portions of those muscles can increase by as much as 80-fold. This is compared to maximal increases of 4- to 6-fold in the coronary circulation during exercise. These increases in muscle perfusion are required to meet the enormous demands for oxygen and nutrients by the active muscles. Because of its large mass and the fact that skeletal muscles receive 25% of the cardiac output at rest, sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in vessels supplying this tissue allows central hemodynamic variables (e.g., blood pressure) to be spared during stresses such as hypovolemic shock. Sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle in such pathologic conditions also effectively shunts blood flow away from muscles to tissues that are more sensitive to reductions in their blood supply that might otherwise occur. Again, because of its large mass and percentage of cardiac output directed to skeletal muscle, alterations in blood vessel structure and function with chronic disease (e.g., hypertension) contribute significantly to the pathology of such disorders. Alterations in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and/or in the exchange properties of this vascular bed also modify transcapillary fluid filtration and solute movement across the microvascular barrier to influence muscle function and contribute to disease pathology. Finally, it is clear that exercise training induces an adaptive transformation to a protected phenotype in the vasculature supplying skeletal muscle and other tissues to promote overall cardiovascular health. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle and Its Vascular Supply / Regulation of Vascular Tone in Skeletal Muscle / Exercise Hyperemia and Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation During Muscular Activity / Microvascular Fluid and Solute Exchange in Skeletal Muscle / Skeletal Muscle Circulation in Aging and Disease States: Protective Effects of Exercise / References
Book Synopsis Coronary Microvascular Obstruction in Acute Myocardial Infarction by : Giampaolo Niccoli
Download or read book Coronary Microvascular Obstruction in Acute Myocardial Infarction written by Giampaolo Niccoli and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-07-07 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coronary Microvascular Obstruction in Acute Myocardial Infarction: From Mechanisms to Treatment provides a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of coronary microvascular obstruction (CMVO) that is the main limitation of reperfusion therapies in ST-elevation myocardial infarction. It provides in-depth coverage of the phenomenon of CMVO which heavily affects prognosis by increasing the risk of death and heart failure at follow-up. A first of its kind reference dedicated solely to this topic, it is appropriate for a wide audience, from researchers, to those who aid in the management, prevention and treatment of CMVO. - Provides in-depth coverage of coronary microvascular obstruction (CMVO), spanning research, management, prevention and treatment - Includes the most up-to-date information on CMVO as presented from top experts around the word - Provides access to a companion website with extra material, including tables, additional references and instructional videos - Gives extensive coverage on how to measure CMVO, including in-depth indexes that can be used to detect and quantify the phenomenon
Book Synopsis Dynamic Aspects of Dental Pulp by : Reizo Inoki
Download or read book Dynamic Aspects of Dental Pulp written by Reizo Inoki and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a circumspective overview and update of the present existing knowledge of the biology, chemistry and pathophysiology of the dental pulp. It details numerous observations of a group of highly specialized investigators who have united in the common purpose of presenting their observations for the benefit of clinicians, teachers, researchers and students. Fortunately, the dental literature presents abundant research findings about pulp biology and the pulp's responses to various stimuli. This abundance has resulted in an increased interest and expansion of research on this subject. For example, publications abound on the response of pulp tissue to various medications and to a variety of types of dental materials which may be placed near to or at some distance from the pulp through the medium of dentine. One of the reasons the pulp is of such interest is that it not only provides the vitality to the teeth but also produces the dentine - both the primary and secondary, as well as reparative. The latter-type dentine is a result of the pulp's functions in response to disease as the former dentine is in response to health. As an example, some investigators have reported the effects of cutting of dentine and the placement of restorations in dentine which in turn reflect changes on the pulp tissue. These reports have raised a number of questions, which in turn have created a need for answers.
Book Synopsis Inflammation and the Microcirculation by : D. Neil Granger
Download or read book Inflammation and the Microcirculation written by D. Neil Granger and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The microcirculation is highly responsive to, and a vital participant in, the inflammatory response. All segments of the microvasculature (arterioles, capillaries, and venules) exhibit characteristic phenotypic changes during inflammation that appear to be directed toward enhancing the delivery of inflammatory cells to the injured/infected tissue, isolating the region from healthy tissue and the systemic circulation, and setting the stage for tissue repair and regeneration. The best characterized responses of the microcirculation to inflammation include impaired vasomotor function, reduced capillary perfusion, adhesion of leukocytes and platelets, activation of the coagulation cascade, and enhanced thrombosis, increased vascular permeability, and an increase in the rate of proliferation of blood and lymphatic vessels. A variety of cells that normally circulate in blood (leukocytes, platelets) or reside within the vessel wall (endothelial cells, pericytes) or in the perivascular space (mast cells, macrophages) are activated in response to inflammation. The activation products and chemical mediators released from these cells act through different well-characterized signaling pathways to induce the phenotypic changes in microvessel function that accompany inflammation. Drugs that target a specific microvascular response to inflammation, such as leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion or angiogenesis, have shown promise in both the preclinical and clinical studies of inflammatory disease. Future research efforts in this area will likely identify new avenues for therapeutic intervention in inflammation. Table of Contents: Introduction / Historical Perspectives / Anatomical Considerations / Impaired Vasomotor Responses / Capillary Perfusion / Angiogenesis / Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Adhesion / Platelet-Vessel Wall Interactions / Coagulation and Thrombosis / Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction / Epilogue / References
Book Synopsis Brain Disorders in Critical Illness by : Robert D. Stevens
Download or read book Brain Disorders in Critical Illness written by Robert D. Stevens and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-19 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain dysfunction is a major clinical problem in intensive care, with potentially debilitating long-term consequences for post-ICU patients of any age. The resulting extended length of stay in the ICU and post-discharge cognitive dysfunction are now recognized as major healthcare burdens. This comprehensive clinical text provides intensivists and neurologists with a practical review of the pathophysiology of brain dysfunction and a thorough account of the diagnostic and therapeutic options available. Initial sections review the epidemiology, outcomes, relevant behavioral neurology and biological mechanisms of brain dysfunction. Subsequent sections evaluate the available diagnostic options and preventative and therapeutic interventions, with a final section on clinical encephalopathy syndromes encountered in the ICU. Each chapter is rich in illustrations, with an executive summary and a helpful glossary of terms. Brain Disorders in Critical Illness is a seminal reference for all physicians and neuroscientists interested in the care and outcome of severely ill patients.
Book Synopsis Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow by : Michitoshi Inoue
Download or read book Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow written by Michitoshi Inoue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow.
Book Synopsis Clinical Management of Shock by : David J. Kreis
Download or read book Clinical Management of Shock written by David J. Kreis and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
