Microbial Fuel Cell

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Microbial Fuel Cell Technology for Bioelectricity

Author : Venkataraman Sivasankar
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319929046
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Fuel Cell Technology for Bioelectricity by : Venkataraman Sivasankar

Download or read book Microbial Fuel Cell Technology for Bioelectricity written by Venkataraman Sivasankar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-02 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In view of the increased consumption of energy due to the proliferation of electronic devices, this book addresses the trends, similarities, differences and advances in fuel cells of both chemical and biological composition. Fundamentals of microbial fuel cells are described, accompanied by details surrounding their uses and limitations. Chapters on electricigens, microbial group investigations and performance, Rumen Fluid microbes and state-of-the-art advances in microbial fuel cell technology are discussed. The book elaborates upon analytical techniques used for biofilm characterization. It also includes chapters on MFC models that include plant-based MFCs, Algal/Fungi MFCs, MDCs and MFCs using animal waste. A critical review on the performance of MFC technology in field trials is offered in an exclusively dedicated section. By addressing one of the most promising sources for clean and renewable energy, this book fills a pressing need to understand a possible solution for meeting the energy demands in our highly advanced technical world.

Microbial Fuel Cell

Author : Debabrata Das
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319667939
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Fuel Cell by : Debabrata Das

Download or read book Microbial Fuel Cell written by Debabrata Das and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a novel attempt to describe microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as a renewable energy source derived from organic wastes. Bioelectricity is usually produced through MFCs in oxygen-deficient environments, where a series of microorganisms convert the complex wastes into electrons via liquefaction through a cascade of enzymes in a bioelectrochemical process. The book provides a detailed description of MFC technologies and their applications, along with the theories underlying the electron transfer mechanisms, the biochemistry and the microbiology involved, and the material characteristics of the anode, cathode and separator. It is intended for a broad audience, mainly undergraduates, postgraduates, energy researchers, scientists working in industry and at research organizations, energy specialists, policymakers, and anyone else interested in the latest developments concerning MFCs.

Integrated Microbial Fuel Cells for Wastewater Treatment

Author : Rouzbeh Abbassi
Publisher : Butterworth-Heinemann
ISBN 13 : 0128174935
Total Pages : 390 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Integrated Microbial Fuel Cells for Wastewater Treatment by : Rouzbeh Abbassi

Download or read book Integrated Microbial Fuel Cells for Wastewater Treatment written by Rouzbeh Abbassi and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2020-04-13 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current wastewater treatment technologies are not sustainable simply due to their high operational costs and process inefficiency. Integrated Microbial Fuel Cells for Wastewater Treatment is intended for professionals who are searching for an innovative method to improve the efficiencies of wastewater treatment processes by exploiting the potential of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) technology. The book is broadly divided into four sections. It begins with an overview of the "state of the art" bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) as well as the fundamentals of MFC technology and its potential to enhance wastewater treatment efficiencies and reduce electricity generation cost. In section two, discusses the integration, installation, and optimization of MFC into conventional wastewater treatment processes such as activated sludge process, lagoons, constructed wetlands, and membrane bioreactors. Section three outlines integrations of MFCs into other wastewater processes. The final section provides explorative studies of MFC integrated systems for large scale wastewater treatment and the challenges which are inherent in the upscaling process.

Microbial Fuel Cells

Author : Bruce E. Logan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470258586
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Fuel Cells by : Bruce E. Logan

Download or read book Microbial Fuel Cells written by Bruce E. Logan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-08 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory, design, construction, and operation of microbial fuel cells Microbial fuel cells (MFCs), devices in which bacteria create electrical power by oxidizing simple compounds such as glucose or complex organic matter in wastewater, represent a new and promising approach for generating power. Not only do MFCs clean wastewater, but they also convert organics in these wastewaters into usable energy. Given the world's limited supply of fossil fuels and fossil fuels' impact on climate change, MFC technology's ability to create renewable, carbon-neutral energy has generated tremendous interest around the world. This timely book is the first dedicated to MFCs. It not only serves as an introduction to the theory underlying the development and functioning of MFCs, it also serves as a manual for ongoing research. In addition, author Bruce Logan, a leading pioneer in MFC research and development, provides practical guidance for the effective design and operation of MFCs based on his own firsthand experience. This reference covers everything you need to fully understand MFCs, including: * Key topics such as voltage and power generation, MFC materials and architecture, mass transfer to bacteria and biofilms, bioreactor design, and fundamentals of electron transfer * Applications across a wide variety of scales, from power generation in the laboratory to approaches for using MFCs for wastewater treatment * The role of MFCs in the climate change debate * Detailed illustrations of bacterial and electrochemical concepts * Charts, graphs, and tables summarizing key design and operation variables * Practice problems and step-by-step examples Microbial Fuel Cells, with its easy-to-follow explanations, is recommended as both a textbook for students and professionals interested in entering the field and as a complete reference for more experienced practitioners.

Bioelectrochemical Systems

Author : Korneel Rabaey
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 184339233X
Total Pages : 525 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (433 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioelectrochemical Systems by : Korneel Rabaey

Download or read book Bioelectrochemical Systems written by Korneel Rabaey and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 525 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the context of wastewater treatment, Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) have gained considerable interest in the past few years, and several BES processes are on the brink of application to this area. This book, written by a large number of world experts in the different sub-topics, describes the different aspects and processes relevant to their development. Bioelectrochemical Systems (BESs) use micro-organisms to catalyze an oxidation and/or reduction reaction at an anodic and cathodic electrode respectively. Briefly, at an anode oxidation of organic and inorganic electron donors can occur. Prime examples of such electron donors are waste organics and sulfides. At the cathode, an electron acceptor such as oxygen or nitrate can be reduced. The anode and the cathode are connected through an electrical circuit. If electrical power is harvested from this circuit, the system is called a Microbial Fuel Cell; if electrical power is invested, the system is called a Microbial Electrolysis Cell. The overall framework of bio-energy and bio-fuels is discussed. A number of chapters discuss the basics – microbiology, microbial ecology, electrochemistry, technology and materials development. The book continues by highlighting the plurality of processes based on BES technology already in existence, going from wastewater based reactors to sediment based bio-batteries. The integration of BESs into existing water or process lines is discussed. Finally, an outlook is provided of how BES will fit within the emerging biorefinery area.

Enzymatic Fuel Cells

Author : Heather R. Luckarift
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118869737
Total Pages : 540 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

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Book Synopsis Enzymatic Fuel Cells by : Heather R. Luckarift

Download or read book Enzymatic Fuel Cells written by Heather R. Luckarift and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-05-06 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes research encompassing all of the aspects required to understand, fabricate and integrate enzymatic fuel cells Contributions span the fields of bio-electrochemistry and biological fuel cell research Teaches the reader to optimize fuel cell performance to achieve long-term operation and realize commercial applicability Introduces the reader to the scientific aspects of bioelectrochemistry including electrical wiring of enzymes and charge transfer in enzyme fuel cell electrodes Covers unique engineering problems of enzyme fuel cells such as design and optimization

Biofuel Cells

Author : Inamuddin
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119724694
Total Pages : 530 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Biofuel Cells by : Inamuddin

Download or read book Biofuel Cells written by Inamuddin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-03 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid industrialization and urbanization associated with the environment changes calls for reduced pollution and thereby least use of fossil fuels. Biofuel cells are bioenergy resources and biocompatible alternatives to conventional fuel cells. Biofuel cells are one of the new sustainable renewable energy sources that are based on the direct conversion of chemical matters to electricity with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes as biocatalysts. The gradual depletion of fossil fuels, increasing energy needs, and the pressing problem of environmental pollution have stimulated a wide range of research and development efforts for renewable and environmentally friendly energy. Energy generation from biomass resources by employing biofuel cells is crucial for sustainable development. Biofuel cells have attracted considerable attention as micro- or even nano-power sources for implantable biomedical devices, such as cardiac pacemakers, implantable self-powered sensors, and biosensors for monitoring physiological parameters. This book covers the most recent developments and offers a detailed overview of fundamentals, principles, mechanisms, properties, optimizing parameters, analytical characterization tools, various types of biofuel cells, all-category of materials, catalysts, engineering architectures, implantable biofuel cells, applications and novel innovations and challenges in this sector. This book is a reference guide for anyone working in the areas of energy and the environment.

Microbial Cell Factories Engineering for Production of Biomolecules

Author : Vijai Singh
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128214783
Total Pages : 490 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Cell Factories Engineering for Production of Biomolecules by : Vijai Singh

Download or read book Microbial Cell Factories Engineering for Production of Biomolecules written by Vijai Singh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-02-13 with total page 490 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial Cell Factories Engineering for Production of Biomolecules presents a compilation of chapters written by eminent scientists worldwide. Sections cover major tools and technologies for DNA synthesis, design of biosynthetic pathways, synthetic biology tools, biosensors, cell-free systems, computer-aided design, OMICS tools, CRISPR/Cas systems, and many more. Although it is not easy to find relevant information collated in a single volume, the book covers the production of a wide range of biomolecules from several MCFs, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas putida, Streptomyces, Corynebacterium, Cyanobacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris and Yarrowia lipolytica, and algae, among many others. This will be an excellent platform from which scientific knowledge can grow and widen in MCF engineering research for the production of biomolecules. Needless to say, the book is a valuable source of information not only for researchers designing cell factories, but also for students, metabolic engineers, synthetic biologists, genome engineers, industrialists, stakeholders and policymakers interested in harnessing the potential of MCFs in several fields. - Offers basic understanding and a clear picture of various MCFs - Explains several tools and technologies, including DNA synthesis, synthetic biology tools, genome editing, biosensors, computer-aided design, and OMICS tools, among others - Harnesses the potential of engineered MCFs to produce a wide range of biomolecules for industrial, therapeutic, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and biotechnological applications - Highlights the advances, challenges, and future opportunities in designing MCFs

Microbial Electrochemical Technologies

Author : Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429944993
Total Pages : 515 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Electrochemical Technologies by : Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro

Download or read book Microbial Electrochemical Technologies written by Sonia M. Tiquia-Arashiro and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-06 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book encompasses the most updated and recent account of research and implementation of Microbial Electrochemical Technologies (METs) from pioneers and experienced researchers in the field who have been working on the interface between electrochemistry and microbiology/biotechnology for many years. It provides a holistic view of the METs, detailing the functional mechanisms, operational configurations, influencing factors governing the reaction process and integration strategies. The book not only provides historical perspectives of the technology and its evolution over the years but also the most recent examples of up-scaling and near future commercialization, making it a must-read for researchers, students, industry practitioners and science enthusiasts. Key Features: Introduces novel technologies that can impact the future infrastructure at the water-energy nexus. Outlines methodologies development and application of microbial electrochemical technologies and details out the illustrations of microbial and electrochemical concepts. Reviews applications across a wide variety of scales, from power generation in the laboratory to approaches. Discusses techniques such as molecular biology and mathematical modeling; the future development of this promising technology; and the role of the system components for the implementation of bioelectrochemical technologies for practical utility. Explores key challenges for implementing these systems and compares them to similar renewable energy technologies, including their efficiency, scalability, system lifetimes, and reliability.

Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology

Author : Ghasem Najafpour
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444633774
Total Pages : 669 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

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Book Synopsis Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology by : Ghasem Najafpour

Download or read book Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology written by Ghasem Najafpour and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-02-24 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, outlines the principles of biochemical processes and explains their use in the manufacturing of every day products. The author uses a diirect approach that should be very useful for students in following the concepts and practical applications. This book is unique in having many solved problems, case studies, examples and demonstrations of detailed experiments, with simple design equations and required calculations. - Covers major concepts of biochemical engineering and biotechnology, including applications in bioprocesses, fermentation technologies, enzymatic processes, and membrane separations, amongst others - Accessible to chemical engineering students who need to both learn, and apply, biological knowledge in engineering principals - Includes solved problems, examples, and demonstrations of detailed experiments with simple design equations and all required calculations - Offers many graphs that present actual experimental data, figures, and tables, along with explanations

Microbial Applications Vol.1

Author : Vipin Chandra Kalia
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319526669
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Applications Vol.1 by : Vipin Chandra Kalia

Download or read book Microbial Applications Vol.1 written by Vipin Chandra Kalia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-04-04 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This contributed volume sheds new light on waste management and the production of biofuels. The authors share insights into microbial applications to meet the challenges of environmental pollution and the ever- growing need for renewable energy. They also explain how healthy and balanced ecosystems can be created and maintained using strategies ranging from oil biodegration and detoxification of azo dyes to biofouling. In addition, the book illustrates how the metabolic abilities of microorganisms can be used in microbial fuel-cell technologies or for the production of biohydrogen. It inspires young researchers and experienced scientists in the field of microbiology to explore the application of green biotechnology for bioremediation and the production of energy, which will be one of the central topics for future generations.

Microbial Fuel Cells

Author : Inamuddin
Publisher : Materials Research Forum LLC
ISBN 13 : 1644900106
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (449 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Fuel Cells by : Inamuddin

Download or read book Microbial Fuel Cells written by Inamuddin and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbial fuel cells are very promising as renewable energy sources. They are based on the direct conversion of organic or inorganic materials to electricity by utilizing microorganisms as catalysts. These cells are well suited for applications that require only low power, e.g. ultracapacitors, toys, electronic gadgets, meteorological buoys, remote sensors, digital wristwatches, smartphones and hardware in space and robots. In addition to electricity generation, microbial fuel cells can be used for wastewater treatment, desalination and biofuel production. The book addresses characterization techniques and operating conditions of microbial fuel cells, as well as the usefulness of various types of anode and cathode materials.

Comprehensive Biotechnology

Author :
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0080885047
Total Pages : 5304 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Comprehensive Biotechnology by :

Download or read book Comprehensive Biotechnology written by and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2011-08-26 with total page 5304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Comprehensive Biotechnology, Six Volume Set continues the tradition of the first inclusive work on this dynamic field with up-to-date and essential entries on the principles and practice of biotechnology. The integration of the latest relevant science and industry practice with fundamental biotechnology concepts is presented with entries from internationally recognized world leaders in their given fields. With two volumes covering basic fundamentals, and four volumes of applications, from environmental biotechnology and safety to medical biotechnology and healthcare, this work serves the needs of newcomers as well as established experts combining the latest relevant science and industry practice in a manageable format. It is a multi-authored work, written by experts and vetted by a prestigious advisory board and group of volume editors who are biotechnology innovators and educators with international influence. All six volumes are published at the same time, not as a series; this is not a conventional encyclopedia but a symbiotic integration of brief articles on established topics and longer chapters on new emerging areas. Hyperlinks provide sources of extensive additional related information; material authored and edited by world-renown experts in all aspects of the broad multidisciplinary field of biotechnology Scope and nature of the work are vetted by a prestigious International Advisory Board including three Nobel laureates Each article carries a glossary and a professional summary of the authors indicating their appropriate credentials An extensive index for the entire publication gives a complete list of the many topics treated in the increasingly expanding field

Biofilms in Bioelectrochemical Systems

Author : Haluk Beyenal
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111909738X
Total Pages : 429 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Biofilms in Bioelectrochemical Systems by : Haluk Beyenal

Download or read book Biofilms in Bioelectrochemical Systems written by Haluk Beyenal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-09-08 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as a manual of research techniques for electrochemically active biofilm research. Using examples from real biofilm research to illustrate the techniques used for electrochemically active biofilms, this book is of most use to researchers and educators studying microbial fuel cell and bioelectrochemical systems. The book emphasizes the theoretical principles of bioelectrochemistry, experimental procedures and tools useful in quantifying electron transfer processes in biofilms, and mathematical modeling of electron transfer in biofilms. It is divided into three sections: Biofilms: Microbiology and microbioelectrochemistry - Focuses on the microbiologic aspect of electrochemically active biofilms and details the key points of biofilm preparation and electrochemical measurement Electrochemical techniques to study electron transfer processes - Focuses on electrochemical characterization and data interpretation, highlighting key factors in the experimental procedures that affect reproducibility Applications - Focuses on applications of electrochemically active biofilms and development of custom tools to study electrochemically active biofilms. Chapters detail how to build the reactors for applications and measure parameters

Physiology, Genomics, and Biotechnological Applications of Extremophiles

Author : Gunjal, Aparna B.
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799891461
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Physiology, Genomics, and Biotechnological Applications of Extremophiles by : Gunjal, Aparna B.

Download or read book Physiology, Genomics, and Biotechnological Applications of Extremophiles written by Gunjal, Aparna B. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-12-10 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extremophiles are organisms that are able to live in extreme conditions due to their unique physiological and genetic adaptations. Extremophiles are harnessed for their extremozymes that have wide applications in biotechnology, pharmaceutics, and industry. Recent developments in genomics and proteomics have helped unravel the mechanism of survival, physiological adaptation, and genomics structure of extremophiles. Physiology, Genomics, and Biotechnological Applications of Extremophiles covers innovative developments in understanding the physiology and biochemistry of extremophiles using the -omics perspective, focuses on the advancement in mechanisms of the extremophiles that makes them able to survive under extreme conditions, and discusses the applications of extremophiles in astrobiology. Covering topics such as genomics and the history and identification of extremophiles, it is ideal for students, professors, researchers, academicians, microbiologists, agricultural scientists, and biotechnologists.

3D Printing for Energy Applications

Author : Albert Tarancón
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119560764
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis 3D Printing for Energy Applications by : Albert Tarancón

Download or read book 3D Printing for Energy Applications written by Albert Tarancón and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-03-03 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3D PRINTING FOR ENERGY APPLICATIONS Explore current and future perspectives of 3D printing for the fabrication of high value-added complex devices 3D Printing for Energy Applications delivers an insightful and cutting-edge exploration of the applications of 3D printing to the fabrication of complex devices in the energy sector. The book covers aspects related to additive manufacturing of functional materials with applicability in the energy sector. It reviews both the technology of printable materials and 3D printing strategies itself, and its use in energy devices or systems. Split into three sections, the book covers the 3D printing of functional materials before delving into the 3D printing of energy devices. It closes with printing challenges in the production of complex objects. It also presents an interesting perspective on the future of 3D printing of complex devices. Readers will also benefit from the inclusion of: A thorough introduction to 3D printing of functional materials, including metals, ceramics, and composites An exploration of 3D printing challenges for production of complex objects, including computational design, multimaterials, tailoring AM components, and volumetric additive manufacturing Practical discussions of 3D printing of energy devices, including batteries, supercaps, solar panels, fuel cells, turbomachinery, thermoelectrics, and CCUS Perfect for materials scientists, 3D Printing for Energy Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of graduate students in engineering, chemistry, and material sciences seeking a one-stop reference for current and future perspectives on 3D printing of high value-added complex devices.

Energy

Author : Pardeep Singh
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119741556
Total Pages : 356 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy by : Pardeep Singh

Download or read book Energy written by Pardeep Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-09-06 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy Global energy demand has more than doubled since 1970. The use of energy is strongly related to almost every conceivable aspect of development: wealth, health, nutrition, water, infrastructure, education and even life expectancy itself are strongly and significantly related to the consumption of energy per capita. Many development indicators are strongly related to per-capita energy consumption. Fossil fuel is the most conventional source of energy but also increases greenhouse gas emissions. The economic development of many countries has come at the cost of the environment. However, it should not be presumed that a reconciliation of the two is not possible. The nexus concept is the interconnection between the resource energy, water, food, land, and climate. Such interconnections enable us to address trade-offs and seek synergies among them. Energy, water, food, land, and climate are essential resources of our natural environment and support our quality of life. Competition between these resources is increasing globally and is exacerbated by climate change. Improving resilience and securing resource availability would require improving resource efficiency. Many policies and programs are announced nationally and internationally for replacing the conventional mode and also emphasizing on conservation of fossil fuels and reuse of exhausted energy, so a gap in implications and outcomes can be broadly traced by comparing the data. This book aims to highlight problems and solutions related to conventional energy utilization, formation, and multitudes of ecological impacts and tools for the conservation of fossil fuels. The book also discusses modern energy services as one of the sustainable development goals and how the pressure on resource energy disturbs the natural flows. The recent advances in alternative energy sources and their possible future growth are discussed and on how conventional energy leads to greenhouse gas formation, which reduces energy use efficiency. The different policies and models operating is also addressed, and the gaps that remained between them. Climate change poses a challenge for renewable energy, and thus it is essential to identify the factors that would reduce the possibility of relying on sustainable energy sources. This book will be of interest to researchers and stakeholders, students, industries, NGOs, and governmental agencies directly or indirectly associated with energy research.