Introduction to Urban Science

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262366436
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Urban Science by : Luis M. A. Bettencourt

Download or read book Introduction to Urban Science written by Luis M. A. Bettencourt and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-08-17 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel, integrative approach to cities as complex adaptive systems, applicable to issues ranging from innovation to economic prosperity to settlement patterns. Human beings around the world increasingly live in urban environments. In Introduction to Urban Science, Luis Bettencourt takes a novel, integrative approach to understanding cities as complex adaptive systems, claiming that they require us to frame the field of urban science in a way that goes beyond existing theory in such traditional disciplines as sociology, geography, and economics. He explores the processes facilitated by and, in many cases, unleashed for the first time by urban life through the lenses of social heterogeneity, complex networks, scaling, circular causality, and information. Though the idea that cities are complex adaptive systems has become mainstream, until now those who study cities have lacked a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding cities and urbanization, for generating useful and falsifiable predictions, and for constructing a solid body of empirical evidence so that the discipline of urban science can continue to develop. Bettencourt applies his framework to such issues as innovation and development across scales, human reasoning and strategic decision-making, patterns of settlement and mobility and their influence on socioeconomic life and resource use, inequality and inequity, biodiversity, and the challenges of sustainable development in both high- and low-income nations. It is crucial, says Bettencourt, to realize that cities are not "zero-sum games" and that knowledge, human cooperation, and collective action can build a better future.

Metropolitan Development as a Complex System

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 520 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Metropolitan Development as a Complex System by : Judith Eleanor Innes

Download or read book Metropolitan Development as a Complex System written by Judith Eleanor Innes and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Metropolitan Development as a Complex System

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (6 download)

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Book Synopsis Metropolitan Development as a Complex System by : Judith Eleanor Innes

Download or read book Metropolitan Development as a Complex System written by Judith Eleanor Innes and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Planning within Complex Urban Systems

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 100020622X
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Planning within Complex Urban Systems by : Shih-Kung Lai

Download or read book Planning within Complex Urban Systems written by Shih-Kung Lai and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-18 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imagine living in a city where people could move freely and buildings could be replaced at minimal cost. Reality cannot be further from such. Despite this imperfect world in which we live, urban planning has become integral and critical especially in the face of rapid urbanization in many developing and developed countries. This book introduces the axiomatic/experimental approach to urban planning and addresses the criticism of the lack of a theoretical foundation in urban planning. With the rise of the complexity movement, the book is timely in its depiction of cities as complex systems and explains why planning from within is useful in the face of urban complexity. It also includes policy implications for the Chinese cities in the context of axiomatic/experimental planning theory.

Modeling Cities and Regions as Complex Systems

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Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262029561
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Modeling Cities and Regions as Complex Systems by : Roger White

Download or read book Modeling Cities and Regions as Complex Systems written by Roger White and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2015-09-11 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theory and practice of modeling cities and regions as complex, self-organizing systems, presenting widely used cellular automata-based models, theoretical discussions, and applications. Cities and regions grow (or occasionally decline), and continuously transform themselves as they do so. This book describes the theory and practice of modeling the spatial dynamics of urban growth and transformation. As cities are complex, adaptive, self-organizing systems, the most appropriate modeling framework is one based on the theory of self-organizing systems—an approach already used in such fields as physics and ecology. The book presents a series of models, most of them developed using cellular automata (CA), which are inherently spatial and computationally efficient. It also provides discussions of the theoretical, methodological, and philosophical issues that arise from the models. A case study illustrates the use of these models in urban and regional planning. Finally, the book presents a new, dynamic theory of urban spatial structure that emerges from the models and their applications. The models are primarily land use models, but the more advanced ones also show the dynamics of population and economic activities, and are integrated with models in other domains such as economics, demography, and transportation. The result is a rich and realistic representation of the spatial dynamics of a variety of urban phenomena. The book is unique in its coverage of both the general issues associated with complex self-organizing systems and the specifics of designing and implementing models of such systems.

Understanding Complex Urban Systems: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Modeling

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319029967
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Complex Urban Systems: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Modeling by : Christian Walloth

Download or read book Understanding Complex Urban Systems: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Modeling written by Christian Walloth and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-14 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding Complex Urban Systems takes as its point of departure the insight that the challenges of global urbanization and the complexity of urban systems cannot be understood – let alone ‘managed’ – by sectoral and disciplinary approaches alone. But while there has recently been significant progress in broadening and refining the methodologies for the quantitative modeling of complex urban systems, in deepening the theoretical understanding of cities as complex systems, or in illuminating the implications for urban planning, there is still a lack of well-founded conceptual thinking on the methodological foundations and the strategies of modeling urban complexity across the disciplines. Bringing together experts from the fields of urban and spatial planning, ecology, urban geography, real estate analysis, organizational cybernetics, stochastic optimization, and literary studies, as well as specialists in various systems approaches and in transdisciplinary methodologies of urban analysis, the volume seeks to advance the discussion on multidisciplinary approaches to urban modeling. While engaging with the ‘state of the art’ in their respective fields, the contributions are specifically written for both experts from a broad range of disciplines as well as for urban practitioners who feel the need for new approaches given the uncertainty of current developments.

Social Sustainability, Past and Future

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108498698
Total Pages : 533 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Social Sustainability, Past and Future by : Sander van der Leeuw

Download or read book Social Sustainability, Past and Future written by Sander van der Leeuw and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-13 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel, integrated approach to understanding long-term human history, viewing it as the long-term evolution of human information-processing. This title is also available as Open Access.

Emergent Nested Systems

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331927550X
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis Emergent Nested Systems by : Christian Walloth

Download or read book Emergent Nested Systems written by Christian Walloth and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-03-02 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a theory as well as methods to understand and to purposively influence complex systems. It suggests a theory of complex systems as nested systems, i. e. systems that enclose other systems and that are simultaneously enclosed by even other systems. According to the theory presented, each enclosing system emerges through time from the generative activities of the systems they enclose. Systems are nested and often emerge unplanned, and every system of high dynamics is enclosed by a system of slower dynamics. An understanding of systems with faster dynamics, which are always guided by systems of slower dynamics, opens up not only new ways to understanding systems, but also to effectively influence them. The aim and subject of this book is to lay out these thoughts and explain their relevance to the purposive development of complex systems, which are exemplified in case studies from an urban system. The interested reader, who is not required to be familiar with system-theoretical concepts or with theories of emergence, will be guided through the development of a theory of emergent nested systems. The reader will also learn about new ways to influence the course of events - even though the course of events is, in principle, unpredictable, due to the ever-new emergence of real novelty.

The Dynamics of Complex Urban Systems

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3790819379
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (98 download)

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Book Synopsis The Dynamics of Complex Urban Systems by : Sergio Albeverio

Download or read book The Dynamics of Complex Urban Systems written by Sergio Albeverio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-16 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the contributions presented at the international workshop "The Dynamics of Complex Urban Systems: an interdisciplinary approach" held in Ascona, Switzerland in November 2004. Experts from several disciplines outline a conceptual framework for modeling and forecasting the dynamics of both growth-limited cities and megacities. Coverage reflects the various interdependencies between structural and social development.

Applying the Systems Approach to Urban Development

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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Applying the Systems Approach to Urban Development by : Jack W. LaPatra

Download or read book Applying the Systems Approach to Urban Development written by Jack W. LaPatra and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Introduction to Urban Science

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262046008
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Introduction to Urban Science by : Luis M. A. Bettencourt

Download or read book Introduction to Urban Science written by Luis M. A. Bettencourt and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-08-17 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel, integrative approach to cities as complex adaptive systems, applicable to issues ranging from innovation to economic prosperity to settlement patterns. Human beings around the world increasingly live in urban environments. In Introduction to Urban Science, Luis Bettencourt takes a novel, integrative approach to understanding cities as complex adaptive systems, claiming that they require us to frame the field of urban science in a way that goes beyond existing theory in such traditional disciplines as sociology, geography, and economics. He explores the processes facilitated by and, in many cases, unleashed for the first time by urban life through the lenses of social heterogeneity, complex networks, scaling, circular causality, and information. Though the idea that cities are complex adaptive systems has become mainstream, until now those who study cities have lacked a comprehensive theoretical framework for understanding cities and urbanization, for generating useful and falsifiable predictions, and for constructing a solid body of empirical evidence so that the discipline of urban science can continue to develop. Bettencourt applies his framework to such issues as innovation and development across scales, human reasoning and strategic decision-making, patterns of settlement and mobility and their influence on socioeconomic life and resource use, inequality and inequity, biodiversity, and the challenges of sustainable development in both high- and low-income nations. It is crucial, says Bettencourt, to realize that cities are not "zero-sum games" and that knowledge, human cooperation, and collective action can build a better future.

Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642245439
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age by : Juval Portugali

Download or read book Complexity Theories of Cities Have Come of Age written by Juval Portugali and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-04 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, our cities are an embodiment of the complex, historical evolution of knowledge, desires and technology. Our planned and designed activities co-evolve with our aspirations, mediated by the existing technologies and social structures. The city represents the accretion and accumulation of successive layers of collective activity, structuring and being structured by other, increasingly distant cities, reaching now right around the globe. This historical and structural development cannot therefore be understood or captured by any set of fixed quantitative relations. Structural changes imply that the patterns of growth, and their underlying reasons change over time, and therefore that any attempt to control the morphology of cities and their patterns of flow by means of planning and design, must be dynamical, based on the mechanisms that drive the changes occurring at a given moment. This carefully edited post-proceedings volume gathers a snapshot view by leading researchers in field, of current complexity theories of cities. In it, the achievements, criticisms and potentials yet to be realized are reviewed and the implications to planning and urban design are assessed.

A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System

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Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030930783X
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System by : National Research Council

Download or read book A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How we produce and consume food has a bigger impact on Americans' well-being than any other human activity. The food industry is the largest sector of our economy; food touches everything from our health to the environment, climate change, economic inequality, and the federal budget. From the earliest developments of agriculture, a major goal has been to attain sufficient foods that provide the energy and the nutrients needed for a healthy, active life. Over time, food production, processing, marketing, and consumption have evolved and become highly complex. The challenges of improving the food system in the 21st century will require systemic approaches that take full account of social, economic, ecological, and evolutionary factors. Policy or business interventions involving a segment of the food system often have consequences beyond the original issue the intervention was meant to address. A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System develops an analytical framework for assessing effects associated with the ways in which food is grown, processed, distributed, marketed, retailed, and consumed in the United States. The framework will allow users to recognize effects across the full food system, consider all domains and dimensions of effects, account for systems dynamics and complexities, and choose appropriate methods for analysis. This report provides example applications of the framework based on complex questions that are currently under debate: consumption of a healthy and safe diet, food security, animal welfare, and preserving the environment and its resources. A Framework for Assessing Effects of the Food System describes the U.S. food system and provides a brief history of its evolution into the current system. This report identifies some of the real and potential implications of the current system in terms of its health, environmental, and socioeconomic effects along with a sense for the complexities of the system, potential metrics, and some of the data needs that are required to assess the effects. The overview of the food system and the framework described in this report will be an essential resource for decision makers, researchers, and others to examine the possible impacts of alternative policies or agricultural or food processing practices.

Complexity and Planning

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317162765
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (171 download)

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Book Synopsis Complexity and Planning by : Gert de Roo

Download or read book Complexity and Planning written by Gert de Roo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-23 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complexity, complex systems and complexity theories are becoming increasingly important within a variety disciplines. While these issues are less well known within the discipline of spatial planning, there has been a recent growing awareness and interest. As planners grapple with how to consider the vagaries of the real world when putting together proposals for future development, they question how complexity, complex systems and complexity theories might prove useful with regard to spatial planning and the physical environment. This book provides a readable overview, presenting and relating a range of understandings and characteristics of complexity and complex systems as they are relevant to planning. It recognizes multiple, relational approaches of dynamic complexity which enhance understandings of, and facilitate working with, contingencies of place, time and the various participants' behaviours. In doing so, it should contribute to a better understanding of processes with regard to our physical and social worlds.

Mathematical Analysis of Urban Spatial Networks

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540878297
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Mathematical Analysis of Urban Spatial Networks by : Philippe Blanchard

Download or read book Mathematical Analysis of Urban Spatial Networks written by Philippe Blanchard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-10-23 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cities can be considered to be among the largest and most complex artificial networks created by human beings. Due to the numerous and diverse human-driven activities, urban network topology and dynamics can differ quite substantially from that of natural networks and so call for an alternative method of analysis. The intent of the present monograph is to lay down the theoretical foundations for studying the topology of compact urban patterns, using methods from spectral graph theory and statistical physics. These methods are demonstrated as tools to investigate the structure of a number of real cities with widely differing properties: medieval German cities, the webs of city canals in Amsterdam and Venice, and a modern urban structure such as found in Manhattan. Last but not least, the book concludes by providing a brief overview of possible applications that will eventually lead to a useful body of knowledge for architects, urban planners and civil engineers.

Why Society is a Complex Matter

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642290000
Total Pages : 71 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (422 download)

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Book Synopsis Why Society is a Complex Matter by : Philip Ball

Download or read book Why Society is a Complex Matter written by Philip Ball and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-06-09 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Society is complicated. But this book argues that this does not place it beyond the reach of a science that can help to explain and perhaps even to predict social behaviour. As a system made up of many interacting agents – people, groups, institutions and governments, as well as physical and technological structures such as roads and computer networks – society can be regarded as a complex system. In recent years, scientists have made great progress in understanding how such complex systems operate, ranging from animal populations to earthquakes and weather. These systems show behaviours that cannot be predicted or intuited by focusing on the individual components, but which emerge spontaneously as a consequence of their interactions: they are said to be ‘self-organized’. Attempts to direct or manage such emergent properties generally reveal that ‘top-down’ approaches, which try to dictate a particular outcome, are ineffectual, and that what is needed instead is a ‘bottom-up’ approach that aims to guide self-organization towards desirable states. This book shows how some of these ideas from the science of complexity can be applied to the study and management of social phenomena, including traffic flow, economic markets, opinion formation and the growth and structure of cities. Building on these successes, the book argues that the complex-systems view of the social sciences has now matured sufficiently for it to be possible, desirable and perhaps essential to attempt a grander objective: to integrate these efforts into a unified scheme for studying, understanding and ultimately predicting what happens in the world we have made. Such a scheme would require the mobilization and collaboration of many different research communities, and would allow society and its interactions with the physical environment to be explored through realistic models and large-scale data collection and analysis. It should enable us to find new and effective solutions to major global problems such as conflict, disease, financial instability, environmental despoliation and poverty, while avoiding unintended policy consequences. It could give us the foresight to anticipate and ameliorate crises, and to begin tackling some of the most intractable problems of the twenty-first century.

Cities and Complexity

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Author :
Publisher : MIT Press (MA)
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 598 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Cities and Complexity by : Michael Batty

Download or read book Cities and Complexity written by Michael Batty and published by MIT Press (MA). This book was released on 2005 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Michael Batty offers a comprehensive view of urban dynamics in the context of complexity theory, presenting models that demonstrate how complexity theory can embrace a myriad of processes and elements that combine into organic wholes.