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Methodology For Flammable Gas Evaluations
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Book Synopsis Methodology for Flammable Gas Evaluations by :
Download or read book Methodology for Flammable Gas Evaluations written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are 177 radioactive waste storage tanks at the Hanford Site. The waste generates flammable gases. The waste releases gas continuously, but in some tanks the waste has shown a tendency to trap these flammable gases. When enough gas is trapped in a tank's waste matrix, it may be released in a way that renders part or all of the tank atmosphere flammable for a period of time. Tanks must be evaluated against previously defined criteria to determine whether they can present a flammable gas hazard. This document presents the methodology for evaluating tanks in two areas of concern in the tank headspace:steady-state flammable-gas concentration resulting from continuous release, and concentration resulting from an episodic gas release.
Book Synopsis Flammability Assessment Methodology Program Phase I: Final Report by :
Download or read book Flammability Assessment Methodology Program Phase I: Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Flammability Assessment Methodology Program (FAMP) was established to investigate the flammability of gas mixtures found in transuranic (TRU) waste containers. The FAMP results provide a basis for increasing the permissible concentrations of flammable volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in TRU waste containers. The FAMP results will be used to modify the ''Safety Analysis Report for the TRUPACT-II Shipping Package'' (TRUPACT-II SARP) upon acceptance of the methodology by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Implementation of the methodology would substantially increase the number of drums that can be shipped to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) without repackaging or treatment. Central to the program was experimental testing and modeling to predict the gas mixture lower explosive limit (MLEL) of gases observed in TRU waste containers. The experimental data supported selection of an MLEL model that was used in constructing screening limits for flammable VOC and flammable gas concentrations. The MLEL values predicted by the model for individual drums will be utilized to assess flammability for drums that do not meet the screening criteria. Finally, the predicted MLEL values will be used to derive acceptable gas generation rates, decay heat limits, and aspiration time requirements for drums that do not pass the screening limits. The results of the program demonstrate that an increased number of waste containers can be shipped to WIPP within the flammability safety envelope established in the TRUPACT-II SARP.
Book Synopsis An Approximate-reasoning-based Method for Screening Flammable Gas Tanks by :
Download or read book An Approximate-reasoning-based Method for Screening Flammable Gas Tanks written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-level waste (HLW) produces flammable gases as a result of radiolysis and thermal decomposition of organics. Under certain conditions, these gases can accumulate within the waste for extended periods and then be released quickly into the dome space of the storage tank. As part of the effort to reduce the safety concerns associated with flammable gas in HLW tanks at Hanford, a flammable gas watch list (FGWL) has been established. Inclusion on the FGWL is based on criteria intended to measure the risk associated with the presence of flammable gas. It is important that all high-risk tanks be identified with high confidence so that they may be controlled. Conversely, to minimize operational complexity, the number of tanks on the watchlist should be reduced as near to the true number of flammable risk tanks as the current state of knowledge will support. This report presents an alternative to existing approaches for FGWL screening based on the theory of approximate reasoning (AR) (Zadeh 1976). The AR-based model emulates the inference process used by an expert when asked to make an evaluation. The FGWL model described here was exercised by performing two evaluations. (1) A complete tank evaluation where the entire algorithm is used. This was done for two tanks, U-106 and AW-104. U-106 is a single shell tank with large sludge and saltcake layers. AW-104 is a double shell tank with over one million gallons of supernate. Both of these tanks had failed the screening performed by Hodgson et al. (2) Partial evaluations using a submodule for the predictor likelihood for all of the tanks on the FGWL that had been flagged previously by Whitney (1995).
Book Synopsis Challenges and Methodology for Safety Analysis of a High-level Waste Tank with Large Periodic Releases of Flammable Gas by :
Download or read book Challenges and Methodology for Safety Analysis of a High-level Waste Tank with Large Periodic Releases of Flammable Gas written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tank 241-SY-101, located at the Department of Energy Hanford Site, has periodically released up to 10,000 ft3 of flammable gas. This release has been one of the highest-priority DOE operational safety problems. The gases include hydrogen and ammonia (fuels) and nitrous oxide (oxidizer). There have been many opinions regarding the controlling mechanisms for these releases, but demonstrating an adequate understanding of the problem, selecting a mitigation methodology, and preparing the safety analysis have presented numerous new challenges. The mitigation method selected for the tank was to install a pump that would mix the tank contents and eliminate the sludge layer believed to be responsible for the gas retention and periodic releases. This report will describe the principal analysis methodologies used to prepare the safety assessment for the installation and operation of the pump, and because this activity has been completed, it will describe the results of pump operation.
Book Synopsis STEADY-STATE FLAMMABLE GAS RELEASE RATE CALCULATION AND LOWER FLAMMABILITY LEVEL EVALUATION FOR HANFORD TANK WASTE. by :
Download or read book STEADY-STATE FLAMMABLE GAS RELEASE RATE CALCULATION AND LOWER FLAMMABILITY LEVEL EVALUATION FOR HANFORD TANK WASTE. written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assess the steady-state flammability level at normal and off-normal ventilation conditions. The methodology of flammability analysis for Hanford tank waste is developed. The hydrogen generation rate model was applied to calculate the gas generation rate for 177 tanks. Flammability concentrations and the time to reach 25% and 100% of the lower flammability limit, and the minimum ventilation rate to keep from 100 of the LFL are calculated for 177 tanks at various scenarios.
Book Synopsis Development and Evaluation of Methods for the Elimination of Waste Anesthetic Gases and Vapors in Hospitals by :
Download or read book Development and Evaluation of Methods for the Elimination of Waste Anesthetic Gases and Vapors in Hospitals written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety) Publisher :John Wiley & Sons ISBN 13 :0470938048 Total Pages :240 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (79 download)
Book Synopsis Guidelines for Chemical Reactivity Evaluation and Application to Process Design by : CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety)
Download or read book Guidelines for Chemical Reactivity Evaluation and Application to Process Design written by CCPS (Center for Chemical Process Safety) and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-09-09 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawn from international sources, this book provides principles and strategies for the evaluation of chemical reactions, and for using this information in process design and management. A useful resource for engineers who design, start-up, operate, and manage chemical and petrochemical plants, the book places special emphasis on the use of state-of-the-art technology in theory, testing methods, and applications in design and operations.
Book Synopsis Test Method for the Evaluation of the Penetration Resistance of High-security Glazing Subjected to a Combined Attack of Heat and Mechanical Impact by : Sidney Fischler
Download or read book Test Method for the Evaluation of the Penetration Resistance of High-security Glazing Subjected to a Combined Attack of Heat and Mechanical Impact written by Sidney Fischler and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Flammable Gas Data Evaluation Progress Report by :
Download or read book Flammable Gas Data Evaluation Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis FLAMMABLE GAS TECHNICAL BASIS DOCUMENT. by :
Download or read book FLAMMABLE GAS TECHNICAL BASIS DOCUMENT. written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document describes the qualitative evaluation of frequency and consequences for DST and SST representative flammable gas accidents and associated hazardous conditions without controls. The evaluation indicated that safety-significant structures, systems and components (SSCs) and/or technical safety requirements (TSRs) were required to prevent or mitigate flammable gas accidents. Discussion on the resulting control decisions is included. This technical basis document was developed to support WP-13033, Tank Farms Documented Safety Analysis (DSA), and describes the risk binning process for the flammable gas representative accidents and associated represented hazardous conditions. The purpose of the risk binning process is to determine the need for safety-significant structures, systems, and components (SSC) and technical safety requirement (TSR)-level controls for a given representative accident or represented hazardous condition based on an evaluation of the event frequency and consequence.
Book Synopsis Development and Evaluation of Nonincendive Detonating Cord by : Charles M. Mason
Download or read book Development and Evaluation of Nonincendive Detonating Cord written by Charles M. Mason and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessment of Gas Flammability in Transuranic Waste Container by :
Download or read book Assessment of Gas Flammability in Transuranic Waste Container written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Safety Analysis Report for the TRUPACT-II Shipping Package [Transuranic Package Transporter-II (TRUPACT-II) SARP] set limits for gas generation rates, wattage limits, and flammable volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations in transuranic (TRU) waste containers that would be shipped to the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Based on existing headspace gas data for drums stored at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) and the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site (RFETS), over 30 percent of the contact-handled TRU waste drums contain flammable VOC concentrations greater than the limit. Additional requirements may be imposed for emplacement of waste in the WIPP facility. The conditional no-migration determination (NMD) for the test phase of the facility required that flame tests be performed if significant levels of flammable VOCs were present in TRU waste containers. This paper describes an approach for investigating the potential flammability of TRU waste drums, which would increase the allowable concentrations of flammable VOCS. A flammability assessment methodology is presented that will allow more drums to be shipped to WIPP without treatment or repackaging and reduce the need for flame testing on drums. The approach includes experimental work to determine mixture lower explosive limits (MLEL) for the types of gas mixtures observed in TRU waste, a model for predicting the MLEL for mixtures of VOCS, hydrogen, and methane, and revised screening limits for total flammable VOCs concentrations and concentrations of hydrogen and methane using existing drum headspace gas data and the model predictions.
Book Synopsis Building Vulnerability Assessments by : Martha J. Boss
Download or read book Building Vulnerability Assessments written by Martha J. Boss and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-06-26 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All too often the assessment of structural vulnerability is thought of only in terms of security upgrades, guards, and entrance barriers. However, in order to fully ensure that a building is secure, the process of design and construction must also be considered. Building Vulnerability Assessments: Industrial Hygiene and Engineering Concepts focuses
Book Synopsis Economic Evaluation of a Method to Regenerate Waste Chromic Acid-sulfuric Acid Etchants by : Deborah A. Spotts
Download or read book Economic Evaluation of a Method to Regenerate Waste Chromic Acid-sulfuric Acid Etchants written by Deborah A. Spotts and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ludwig's Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants Incorporating Process Safety Incidents by : A. Kayode Coker
Download or read book Ludwig's Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants Incorporating Process Safety Incidents written by A. Kayode Coker and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-07-10 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ludwig's Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants Incorporating Process Safety Incidents is ever evolving starting with the first edition some 60 years ago. The volumes in this fifth edition provide improved techniques and fundamental design methodologies to guide the practicing engineer in designing process equipment and applying chemical processes to the properly detailed hardware. As indicative of the new title, process safety incidents are incorporated in many of the chapters, reviewing the root causes, and how these could be mitigated in future. Like its predecessor, this new edition continues to present updated information for achieving optimum operational and process conditions and to avoid problems caused by inadequate sizing and lack of internally detailed hardware. The volumes provide both fundamental theories where applicable and direct application of these theories to applied equations essential in the design effort. This approach in presenting design information is essential for troubleshooting process equipment and in executing system performance analysis. Volume 1B continues to cover mixing of liquids, process safety and pressure[1]relieving devices, metallurgy and corrosion, and process optimization. It builds upon Ernest E. Ludwig's classic text to further enhance its use as a chemical engineering process design manual of methods and proven fundamentals. This new edition includes new content on three-phase separation, mixing of liquids, ejectors, and mechanical vacuum systems, process safety and pressure-relieving devices, metallurgy and corrosion, and optimization of chemical process/blending. Some chapters review pressure-relieving devices and provide case studies for process safety incidents, which are well illustrated from US Chemical Safety Hazard Investigation Board (www.csb.gov). Finally, this book contains a glossary of Petroleum and Petrochemical Terminologies and Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Major Hydrocarbons.? Provides improved design manual for methods and proven fundamentals of process design with related data and charts? Covers complete range of basic day-to-day petrochemical operation topics? Extensively revised with new material added on three-phase separation, metallurgy, and corrosion? Process safety management/HAZOP and hazard analyses, and optimization of chemical process/blending? Presents many examples using Honeywell UniSim Design software, developed and executable computer programs, and Excel spreadsheet programs? Includes case studies of process safety incidents, guidance for troubleshooting, and checklists? Includes Software of Conversion Table and 30+ process data sheets in excel format
Book Synopsis A Safety Assessment of Rotary Mode Core Sampling in Flammable Gas Single Shell Tanks by :
Download or read book A Safety Assessment of Rotary Mode Core Sampling in Flammable Gas Single Shell Tanks written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This safety assessment (SA) addresses each of the required elements associated with the installation, operation, and removal of a rotary-mode core sampling (RMCS) device in flammable-gas single-shell tanks (SSTs). The RMCS operations are needed in order to retrieve waste samples from SSTs with hard layers of waste for which push-mode sampling is not adequate for sampling. In this SA, potential hazards associated with the proposed action were identified and evaluated systematically. Several potential accident cases that could result in radiological or toxicological gas releases were identified and analyzed and their consequences assessed. Administrative controls, procedures and design changes required to eliminate or reduce the potential of hazards were identified. The accidents were analyzed under nine categories, four of which were burn scenarios. In SSTS, burn accidents result in unacceptable consequences because of a potential dome collapse. The accidents in which an aboveground burn propagates into the dome space were shown to be in the ''beyond extremely unlikely'' frequency category. Given the unknown nature of the gas-release behavior in the SSTS, a number of design changes and administrative controls were implemented to achieve these low frequencies. Likewise, drill string fires and dome space fires were shown to be very low frequency accidents by taking credit for the design changes, controls, and available experimental and analytical data. However, a number of Bureau of Mines (BOM) tests must be completed before some of the burn accidents can be dismissed with high confidence. Under the category of waste fires, the possibility of igniting the entrapped gases and the waste itself were analyzed. Experiments are being conducted at the BOM to demonstrate that the drill bit is not capable of igniting the trapped gas in the waste. Laboratory testing and thermal analysis demonstrated that, under normal operating conditions, the drill bit will not create high enough temperatures to initiate a propagating reaction in the waste. However, system failure that coincides in a waste layer with high organic content and low moisture may initiate an exothermic reaction in the waste. Consequently, a conservative approach based on the current state of the knowledge resulted in limiting the drilling process to a subset of the flammable-gas tanks. Accidents from the chemical reactions and criticality category are shown to result in acceptable risk. A number of accidents are shown to potentially result in containment (tank liner) breach below the waste level. Mitigative features are provided for these accidents. Gas-release events without burn also are analyzed, and radiological and toxicological consequences are shown to be within risk guidelines. Finally, the consequences of potential spills are shown to be within the risk guidelines.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of Fire Safety by : D. Rasbash
Download or read book Evaluation of Fire Safety written by D. Rasbash and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-04-21 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fire safety is a major concern in many industries, particularly as there have been significant increases in recent years in the quantities of hazardous materials in process, storage or transport. Plants are becoming larger and are often situated in or close to densely populated areas, and the hazards are continually highlighted with incidents such as the fires and explosions at the Piper Alpha oil and gas platform, and the Enschede firework factory. As a result, greater attention than ever before is now being given to the evaluation and control of these hazards. In a comprehensive treatment of the subject unavailable elsewhere, this book describes in detail the applications of hazard and risk analysis to fire safety, going on to develop and apply quantification methods. It also gives an explanation in quantitative terms of improvements in fire safety in association with the costs that are expended in their achievement. Furthermore, a quantitative approach is applied to major fire and explosion disasters to demonstrate crucial faults and events. Featuring: Full international coverage and a review of several major fires and explosion disasters. Presentation of the properties and science of fire including the latest research. Detailed coverage of the performance of fire safety measures. This is an essential book for practitioners in fire safety engineering, loss prevention professionals, technical personnel in insurance companies as well as academics involved in fire science and postgraduate students. This book is also a useful reference for fire safety officers, building designers, engineers in the process industries, safety practitioners and risk assessment consultants.
