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Metaphor And Gesture
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Book Synopsis Metaphor and Gesture by : Alan Cienki
Download or read book Metaphor and Gesture written by Alan Cienki and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2008-06-04 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the first to offer an overview on metaphor and gesture — a new multi-disciplinary area of research. Scholars of metaphor have been paying increasing attention to spontaneous gestures with speech; meanwhile, researchers in gesture studies have been focussing on the abstract ideas which receive physical representation through metaphors when speakers gesture. This book presents a snapshot of the state of the art in these converging fields, offering research papers as well as commentaries from multiple perspectives. In addition to conceptual metaphor theory it includes different theoretical approaches to semiotics, and the methods used range from controlled experimentation, to cognitive ethnography, to lexical semantic analysis. The use of metaphor in gesture is shown to reflect idiosyncracies of thought in the moment of speaking as well as structural, cultural, and interactional patterns. The series of commentaries discusses the potential importance of studying metaphor and gesture from the perspectives of such fields as anthropology, cognitive linguistics, conversation analysis, psychology, and semiotics.
Book Synopsis The Interaction of Syntax and Metaphor in Gesture by : Elise Stickles
Download or read book The Interaction of Syntax and Metaphor in Gesture written by Elise Stickles and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is a study of metaphor in usage: metaphor in language, metaphor in gesture, and how they interact. Gesture provides a route to study both the cognition associated with language and the domain-generality of cognitive processes. While English speakers may be producing metaphoric manner verbs due to the lexicalization patterns of their language, are they necessarily thinking in terms of metaphoric manner? This is difficult to judge when looking at language alone. To answer this question, we turn to metaphoric gesture. Metaphoric gestures, in which the gesture represents the source domain of a conceptual metaphor, are well-known but under-studied (Cienki and Müller, 2008b). Iconic gestures conveying information about a motion event are known to interact with the syntactic and semantic structure of speech; speakers of languages that express manner of motion in the verb gesture differently than speakers of languages that primarily express path of motion in the verb. Metaphoric usages of motion in language - prices falling, hopes rising, time flying - also interact with the grammatical patterns of language. However, we know little about how metaphoric motion in gesture interacts with grammar. In Part One of the dissertation, I focus on metaphor in language. In Chapter 2 I propose to represent metaphors as a complex network of frames, mappings, and bindings as implemented in the MetaNet Metaphor Repository (Dodge et al., 2015). This advances the representation of conceptual metaphors to a level that interfaces more accurately with representations of frames and constructions in FrameNet (Ruppenhofer et al., 2006) and Embodied Construction Grammar (Bergen and Chang, 2005). In turn, this enables the detailed analysis of metaphors and metaphor systems, as exemplified by the Location Event Structure Metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson, 1999) case study in Chapter 3. This corpus-based study is one of the first to make use of the MetaNet method for large-scale automatic metaphor identification and annotation. This approach reveals not only how the metaphor system is evoked in language, but further illustrates the conceptual structure of the metaphor. I demonstrate that although English, as a satellite-framed language, privileges manner in its lexicalization of motion events, metaphoric English motion backgrounds manner and foregrounds path. The foregrounding of path information in linguistic realization of metaphoric motion runs counter to the privileging of manner in English lexicalization patterns. This finding lays the groundwork for the investigation of the same metaphor system in gesture. In Part Two, I focus on metaphor in co-speech gesture. I investigate metaphoric motion-evoking metaphoric gestures using two complementary approaches. Chapter 4 uses a corpus approach; I analyze a parallel corpus of video gesture data in which speakers use a motion verb either literally or metaphorically in their speech while producing a co-expressive representational gesture. To analyze the corpora, I develop a set of annotation guidelines and then demonstrate the benefits of taking an image-schematic approach to gesture analysis. I argue that the image schema is the most appropriate level of structure in analyzing the form and meaning of metaphoric gestures. Results of this image schema analysis suggest that, reflecting the English language data in Chapter 3, these metaphoric gestures emphasize path and do not represent the manner of motion. Chapter 5 is the first study to take an experimental approach to metaphoric gesture that uses non-metaphoric stimuli. Participants were given short stories about state change, such as prices decreasing or grades improving, to read and re-tell to a friend; half of the stimuli contained metaphoric language and half did not. Results from this study demonstrated the viability of this methodology in eliciting both metaphoric speech and gesture, and supported those of Chapter 4. I find that speakers are more likely produce metaphoric gestures if they are also producing metaphoric language - even if the gesture evokes a different metaphor than the speech does. I unify my analyses of metaphoric motion in speech and gesture in a multi-modal Embodied Construction Grammar analysis of both co-expressive and complementary metaphoric co-speech gestures. I represent both the meaning and form of the gesture and the meaning and form of the speech including frame structure, argument structure, and metaphoric structure. This analysis provides the first formal representation of a multi-modal utterance in a construction grammar and an innovative approach to the unification of the construction of multi-modal meaning.
Book Synopsis Intelligent Virtual Agents by : Timothy Bickmore
Download or read book Intelligent Virtual Agents written by Timothy Bickmore and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-12 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, IVA 2014, held in Boston, MA, USA, in August 2014. The 14 full and 24 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 78 submissions. In addition, the volume includes 25 demo and poster papers which were on display during the conference. The papers cover many aspects of intelligent virtual agent theory and application with a special focus on their use in healthcare.
Book Synopsis Multimodal Metaphor by : Charles Forceville
Download or read book Multimodal Metaphor written by Charles Forceville and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2009 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaphor pervades discourse and may govern how we think and act. But most studies only discuss its verbal varieties. This book examines metaphors drawing on combinations of visuals, language, gestures, sound, and music. Investigated texts include ad
Book Synopsis Gesture and Thought by : David McNeill
Download or read book Gesture and Thought written by David McNeill and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gesturing is such an integral yet unconscious part of communication that we are mostly oblivious to it. But if you observe anyone in conversation, you are likely to see his or her fingers, hands, and arms in some form of spontaneous motion. Why? David McNeill, a pioneer in the ongoing study of the relationship between gesture and language, set about answering this question over twenty-five years ago. In Gesture and Thought he brings together years of this research, arguing that gesturing, an act which has been popularly understood as an accessory to speech, is actually a dialectical component of language. Gesture and Thought expands on McNeill’s acclaimed classic Hand and Mind. While that earlier work demonstrated what gestures reveal about thought, here gestures are shown to be active participants in both speaking and thinking. Expanding on an approach introduced by Lev Vygotsky in the 1930s, McNeill posits that gestures are key ingredients in an “imagery-language dialectic” that fuels both speech and thought. Gestures are both the “imagery” and components of “language.” The smallest element of this dialectic is the “growth point,” a snapshot of an utterance at its beginning psychological stage. Utilizing several innovative experiments he created and administered with subjects spanning several different age, gender, and language groups, McNeill shows how growth points organize themselves into utterances and extend to discourse at the moment of speaking. An ambitious project in the ongoing study of the relationship of human communication and thought, Gesture and Thought is a work of such consequence that it will influence all subsequent theory on the subject.
Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Metaphor and Language by : Elena Semino
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Metaphor and Language written by Elena Semino and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Metaphor and Language provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art interdisciplinary research on metaphor and language. Featuring 35 chapters written by leading scholars from around the world, the volume takes a broad view of the field of metaphor and language, and brings together diverse and distinct theoretical and applied perspectives to cover six key areas: Theoretical approaches to metaphor and language, covering Conceptual Metaphor Theory, Relevance Theory, Blending Theory and Dynamical Systems Theory; Methodological approaches to metaphor and language, discussing ways of identifying metaphors in verbal texts, images and gestures, as well as the use of corpus linguistics; Formal variation in patterns of metaphor use across text types, historical periods and languages; Functional variation of metaphor, in contexts including educational, commercial, scientific and political discourse, as well as online trolling; The applications of metaphor for problem solving, in business, education, healthcare and conflict situations; Language, metaphor, and cognitive development, examining the processing and comprehension of metaphors. The Routledge Handbook of Language and Metaphor is a must-have survey of this key field, and is essential reading for those interested in language and metaphor.
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought by : Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr.
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Metaphor and Thought written by Raymond W. Gibbs, Jr. and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-09-22 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive collection of essays in multidisciplinary metaphor scholarship that has been written in response to the growing interest among scholars and students from a variety of disciplines such as linguistics, philosophy, anthropology, music and psychology. These essays explore the significance of metaphor in language, thought, culture and artistic expression. There are five main themes of the book: the roots of metaphor, metaphor understanding, metaphor in language and culture, metaphor in reasoning and feeling, and metaphor in non-verbal expression. Contributors come from a variety of academic disciplines, including psychology, linguistics, philosophy, cognitive science, literature, education, music, and law.
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics by : Barbara Dancygier
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Linguistics written by Barbara Dancygier and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 1427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The best survey of cognitive linguistics available, this Handbook provides a thorough explanation of its rich methodology, key results, and interdisciplinary context. With in-depth coverage of the research questions, basic concepts, and various theoretical approaches, the Handbook addresses newly emerging subfields and shows their contribution to the discipline. The Handbook introduces fields of study that have become central to cognitive linguistics, such as conceptual mappings and construction grammar. It explains all the main areas of linguistic analysis traditionally expected in a full linguistics framework, and includes fields of study such as language acquisition, sociolinguistics, diachronic studies, and corpus linguistics. Setting linguistic facts within the context of many other disciplines, the Handbook will be welcomed by researchers and students in a broad range of disciplines, including linguistics, cognitive science, neuroscience, gesture studies, computational linguistics, and multimodal studies.
Book Synopsis Metaphors Dead and Alive, Sleeping and Waking by : Cornelia Müller
Download or read book Metaphors Dead and Alive, Sleeping and Waking written by Cornelia Müller and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2009-10-15 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional thinking on metaphors has divided them into two camps: dead and alive. Conventional expressions from everyday language are classified as dead, while much rarer novel or poetic metaphors are alive. In the 1980s, new theories on the cognitive processes involved with the use of metaphor challenged these assumptions, but with little empirical support. Drawing on the latest research in linguistics, semiotics, philosophy, and psychology, Cornelia Müller here unveils a new approach that refutes the rigid dead/alive dichotomy, offering in its place a more dynamic model: sleeping and waking. To build this model, Müller presents an overview of notions of metaphor from the classical period to the present; studies in detail how metaphors function in speech, text, gesture, and images; and examines the way mixed metaphors sometimes make sense and sometimes do not. This analysis leads her to conclude that metaphors may oscillate between various degrees of sleeping and waking as their status changes depending on context and intention. Bridging the gap between conceptual metaphor theory and more traditional linguistic theories, this book is a major advance for the field and will be vital to novices and initiates alike.
Book Synopsis Expression of Metaphor in Speech and Gesture by : Yu Tung Chang
Download or read book Expression of Metaphor in Speech and Gesture written by Yu Tung Chang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Elements of Meaning in Gesture by : Geneviève Calbris
Download or read book Elements of Meaning in Gesture written by Geneviève Calbris and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizing her pioneering work on the semiotic analysis of gestures in conversational settings, Geneviève Calbris offers a comprehensive account of her unique perspective on the relationship between gesture, speech, and thought. She highlights the various functions of gesture and especially shows how various gestural signs can be created in the same gesture by analogical links between physical and semantic elements. Originating in our world experience via mimetic and metonymic processes, these analogical links are activated by contexts of use and thus lead to a diverse range of semantic constructions rather as, from the components of a Meccano kit, many different objects can be assembled. By (re)presenting perceptual schemata that mediate between the concrete and the abstract, gesture may frequently anticipate verbal formulation. Arguing for gesture as a symbolic system in its own right that interfaces with thought and speech production, Calbris' book brings a challenging new perspective to gesture studies and will be seminal for generations of gesture researchers.
Book Synopsis Visual Metaphor by : Gerard J. Steen
Download or read book Visual Metaphor written by Gerard J. Steen and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2018-12-15 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaphor has recently been reconceptualised as a fundamental part of the human conceptual system. It can hence be expressed in language but also in other modalities and media of communication, including gesture and body language, sound and music, and film and visuals. In spite of this theoretical landslide, however, the wide range of nonverbal metaphor and its processing has neither been empirically investigated on the same scale nor with the same rigour as metaphor in language. The overarching goal of this book is to report on the findings of a research program aimed at exploiting the vast cognitive linguistic and psycholinguistic expertise on metaphor in language for a new, behaviourally founded approach to the structure and processes of metaphor in one of these nonverbal manifestations, namely static visuals. The book presents concepts and methods for the identification and analysis of metaphor in document structure as well as new approaches to the study of visual metaphor processing. Its results are intended to further the development of an encompassing and robust cognitive-scientific theory of metaphor by including visual metaphor while also enriching our understanding of the communicative possibilities and effects of visual metaphor in multimodal discourse.
Download or read book Metaphor Wars written by Raymond W. Gibbs and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-04 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of metaphor is now firmly established as a central topic within cognitive science and the humanities. This book explores the critical role that conceptual metaphors play in language, thought, cultural and expressive actions. It evaluates the arguments and evidence for and against conceptual metaphors across academic disciplines.
Book Synopsis Metaphor in Use by : Fiona MacArthur
Download or read book Metaphor in Use written by Fiona MacArthur and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metaphor is a fascinating phenomenon, but it is also complex and multi-faceted, varying in how it is manifested in different modes of expression, languages, cultures, or time-scales. How then can we reliably identify metaphors in different contexts? How does the language or culture of speakers and hearers affect the way metaphors are produced or interpreted? Are the methods employed to explore metaphors in one context applicable in others? The sixteen chapters that make up this volume offer not only detailed studies of the situated use of metaphor in language, gesture, and visuals around the world providing important insights into the different factors that produce variation but also careful explication and discussion of the methodological issues that arise when researchers approach metaphor in diverse 'real world' contexts. The book constitutes an important contribution to applied metaphor studies, and will prove an invaluable resource for the novice and experienced metaphor researcher alike.
Book Synopsis Ten Lectures on Spoken Language and Gesture from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics by : Alan Cienki
Download or read book Ten Lectures on Spoken Language and Gesture from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics written by Alan Cienki and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-04-11 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive linguistics is purported to be a usage-based approach, yet only recently has research in some of its subfields turned to spontaneous spoken (versus written) language data. The collection of Alan Cienki’s Ten Lectures on Spoken Language and Gesture from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics considers what it means to apply different approaches from within this field to the dynamic, multimodal combination of speech and gesture. The lectures encompass such main paradigms as blending and mental space theory, conceptual metaphor and metonymy, construction and cognitive grammars, image schemas, and mental simulation in relation to semantics. Overall, Alan Cienki shows that taking the usage-based commitment seriously with audio-visual data raises new issues and questions for theoretical models in cognitive linguistics. The lectures for this book were given at The China International Forum on Cognitive Linguistics in May 2013.
Book Synopsis Metaphors and Gestures in Music Teaching by : Ya-Chin Chuang
Download or read book Metaphors and Gestures in Music Teaching written by Ya-Chin Chuang and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2011-12 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In cognitive metaphor theory, metaphor is a conceptual and experiential process that structures our world. This book, taking an applied linguistic view on CMT, examines how metaphor is manifested in speech and via gestures by music teachers in classrooms where Mandarin Chinese is the main language employed. Thirteen music sessions by, and interviews with, six teachers in six junior high schools in Taiwan constitute the data. The three-stage analysis focuses on the nature of verbal and gestural metaphors, the relations between verbal and gestural metaphors, their functions, and the educational implications. The study represents an original and exploratory empirical contribution to the field, and the results further support CMT by providing empirical data on how native speakers of Chinese express metaphor via the two modalities. It also contributes to metaphor identification procedures for identifying metaphorically-used words in Chinese, and coding metaphoric gestures.
Book Synopsis Metaphorical Stories in Discourse by : L. David Ritchie
Download or read book Metaphorical Stories in Discourse written by L. David Ritchie and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book defines and explains, in straightforward language, metaphorical stories using examples from sources such as conversations, speeches, and editorial cartoons.
