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Mereology In Medieval Logic And Metaphysics Proceedings Of The 21st European Symposium Of Medieval Logic And Semantics
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Download or read book Mereology written by A. J. Cotnoir and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-22 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is a whole something more than the sum of its parts? Are there things composed of the same parts? If you divide an object into parts, and divide those parts into smaller parts, will this process ever come to an end? Can something lose parts or gain new ones without ceasing to be the thing it is? Does any multitude of things (including disparate things such as you, this book, and the tail of a cat) compose a whole of some sort? Questions such as these have occupied us for at least as long as philosophy has existed. They define the field that has come to be known as mereology-the study of all relations of part to whole and of part to part within a whole-and have deep and far-reaching ramifications in metaphysics as well as in logic, the foundations of mathematics, the philosophy of language, the philosophy of science, and beyond. In Mereology, A. J. Cotnoir and Achille C. Varzi have compiled decades of advanced research into a comprehensive, up-to-date, and formally rigorous picture. The early chapters cover the more classical aspects of mereology; the rest of the book deals with variants and extensions. Whether you are an established professional philosopher, an interested student, or a newcomer, inside you will find all the tools you need to join this ever-evolving field of inquiry and theorize about all things mereological.
Book Synopsis The Rules of Logic by : Najm al-Dīn al-Kātibī
Download or read book The Rules of Logic written by Najm al-Dīn al-Kātibī and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2024-05-07 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A classic textbook on the study of logic In the Muslim East, logic was an integral part of the syllabus of schools and found to be especially helpful for legal studies. It was at this time that The Rules of Logic was composed by Najm al-Dīn al-Kātibī, a scholar of the Shāfiʿī school of law. The Rules of Logic is the most widely read introduction to logic in the Arabic-speaking world. It has probably enjoyed a longer shelf-life than any other logic textbook ever written, having been in use by madrasah students from the early eighth/fourteenth century up until the present day. Building on the theories of Avicenna, al-Rāzī, and other pioneers of logic, al-Kātibī discusses the many pitfalls of building arguments and setting out unambiguous claims in natural language. The enduring nature of the text is a testament to al-Kātibī and his impact on concepts of formal discourse and argument. This new translation of The Rules of Logic brings to both an Arabic and English readership an influential text that has shaped the work of scholars of logic for centuries.
Book Synopsis Philosophy and Language in the Islamic World by : Nadja Germann
Download or read book Philosophy and Language in the Islamic World written by Nadja Germann and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-11-23 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is language? How did it originate and how does it work? What is its relation to thought and, beyond thought, to reality? Questions like these have been at the center of lively debate ever since the rise of scholarly activities in the Islamic world during the 8th/9th century. However, in contrast to contemporary philosophy, they were not tackled by scholars adhering to only one specific discipline. Rather, they were addressed across multiple fields and domains, no less by linguists, legal theorists, and theologians than by Aristotelian philosophers. In response to the different challenges faced by these disciplines, highly sophisticated and more specialized areas emerged, comparable to what nowadays would be referred to as semantics, pragmatics, and hermeneutics, to name but a few – fields of research that are pursued to this day and still flourish in some of the traditional schools. Philosophy of language, thus, has been a major theme throughout Islamic intellectual culture in general; a theme which, probably due to its trans-disciplinary nature, has largely been neglected by modern research. This book brings together for the first time experts from the various fields involved, in order to explore the riches of this tradition and make them accessible to a broader public interested both in philosophy and the history of ideas more generally.
Download or read book Wyclif written by John Wyclif and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-15 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Wyclif is known for translating the Vulgate Bible into English, and for arguing for the royal divestment of the church, the reduction of papal power and the elimination of the friars and against the doctrine of transubstantiation. His thought catalyzed the Lollard movement in England and provided an ideology for the Hussite revolution in Bohemia. Wyclif's Trialogus discusses divine power and knowledge, creation, virtues and vices, the Incarnation, redemption and the sacraments. It consists of a three-way conversation, which Wyclif wrote to familiarize priests and layfolk with the complex issues underlying Christian doctrine, and begins with formal philosophical theology, which moves into moral theology, concluding with a searing critique of the fourteenth-century ecclesiastical status quo. Stephen Lahey provides a complete English translation of all four books, and the 'Supplement to the Trialogue', which will be a valuable resource for scholars and students currently relying on selective translated extracts.
Book Synopsis Artefact Kinds by : Maarten Franssen
Download or read book Artefact Kinds written by Maarten Franssen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is concerned with two intimately related topics of metaphysics: the identity of entities and the foundations of classification. What it adds to previous discussions of these topics is that it addresses them with respect to human-made entities, that is, artefacts. As the chapters in the book show, questions of identity and classification require other treatments and lead to other answers for artefacts than for natural entities. These answers are of interest to philosophers not only for their clarification of artefacts as a category of things but also for the new light they may shed on these issue with respect to to natural entities. This volume is structured in three parts. The contributions in Part I address basic ontological and metaphysical questions in relation to artefact kinds: How should we conceive of artefact kinds? Are they real kinds? How are identity conditions for artefacts and artefact kinds related? The contributions in Part II address meta-ontological questions: What, exactly, should an ontological account of artefact kinds provide us with? What scope can it aim for? Which ways of approaching the ontology of artefact kinds are there, how promising are they, and how should we assess this? In Part III, the essays offer engineering practice rather than theoretical philosophy as a point of reference. The issues addressed here include: How do engineers classify technical artefacts and on what grounds? What makes specific classes of technical artefacts candidates for ontologically real kinds, and by which criteria?
Book Synopsis One Hundred Years of Phenomenology by : D. Zahavi
Download or read book One Hundred Years of Phenomenology written by D. Zahavi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-08-31 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume commemorates the centenary of Logical Investigations by subjecting the work to a comprehensive critical analysis. It contains new contributions by leading scholars addressing some of the most central analyses to be found in the book.
Book Synopsis Everything Flows by : Daniel J. Nicholson
Download or read book Everything Flows written by Daniel J. Nicholson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The majority of the papers herein originated at the workshop 'Process Philosophy of Biology' ... held in Exeter in November 2014."--Page vii.
Book Synopsis Mereology in Medieval Logic and Metaphysics. Proceedings of the 21st European Symposium of Medieval Logic and Semantics by : F. Amerini
Download or read book Mereology in Medieval Logic and Metaphysics. Proceedings of the 21st European Symposium of Medieval Logic and Semantics written by F. Amerini and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Formal Approaches and Natural Language in Medieval Logic by : Laurent Cesalli
Download or read book Formal Approaches and Natural Language in Medieval Logic written by Laurent Cesalli and published by Brepols. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is medieval logic formal? And if yes, in what sense? There are striking affinities between medieval and contemporary theories of language. Authors from the two periods share formal ambitions and maintain complex, and at time uneasy, relations with natural language. However, modern scholars became careful not to overlook the specificities of theories developed more than five hundred years apart, in particular with respect to their 'formal' character. In 1972, Alfonso Maieru noted that the efforts of medieval logicians to identify logical structures in language formal enough to become objects of scientific consideration. He also stressed that the language investigated is a historical one, Latin, so that one can legitimately wonder to which extent ... one is allowed to speak of 'formal logic' in the middle ages. In other words, medieval logic is characterized by a tension between 'formalist ambitions' and constraints proper to natural language. Today, our knowledge of the field has considerably expanded, calling for a new assessment of the question.
Book Synopsis Structural Realism by : Elaine Landry
Download or read book Structural Realism written by Elaine Landry and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Structural realism has rapidly gained in popularity in recent years, but it has splintered into many distinct denominations, often underpinned by diverse motivations. There is, no monolithic position known as ‘structural realism,’ but there is a general convergence on the idea that a central role is to be played by relational aspects over object-based aspects of ontology. What becomes of causality in a world without fundamental objects? In this book, the foremost authorities on structural realism attempt to answer this and related questions: ‘what is structure?’ and ‘what is an object?’ Also featured are the most recent advances in structural realism, including the intersection of mathematical structuralism and structural realism, and the latest treatments of laws and modality in the context of structural realism. The book will be of interest to philosophers of science, philosophers of physics, metaphysicians, and those interested in foundational aspects of science.
Book Synopsis Anyone Who Has a View by : F.H. van Eemeren
Download or read book Anyone Who Has a View written by F.H. van Eemeren and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a selection of papers from the International Conference on Argumentation (Amsterdam, 2002) by prominent international scholars of argumentation theory. It provides an insightful cross-section of the current state of affairs in argumentation research. It will be of interest to all those working in the field of argumentation theory and to all scholars who are interested in recent developments in this field.
Book Synopsis Essential Readings in Biosemiotics by : Donald Favareau
Download or read book Essential Readings in Biosemiotics written by Donald Favareau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-06-10 with total page 882 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesizing the findings from a wide range of disciplines – from biology and anthropology to philosophy and linguistics – the emerging field of Biosemiotics explores the highly complex phenomenon of sign processing in living systems. Seeking to advance a naturalistic understanding of the evolution and development of sign-dependent life processes, contemporary biosemiotic theory offers important new conceptual tools for the scientific understanding of mind and meaning, for the development of artificial intelligence, and for the ongoing research into the rich diversity of non-verbal human, animal and biological communication processes. Donald Favareau’s Essential Readings in Biosemiotics has been designed as a single-source overview of the major works informing this new interdiscipline, and provides scholarly historical and analytical commentary on each of the texts presented. The first of its kind, this book constitutes a valuable resource to both bioscientists and to semioticians interested in this emerging new discipline, and can function as a primary textbook for students in biosemiotics, as well. Moreover, because of its inherently interdisciplinary nature and its focus on the ‘big questions’ of cognition, meaning and evolutionary biology, this volume should be of interest to anyone working in the fields of cognitive science, theoretical biology, philosophy of mind, evolutionary psychology, communication studies or the history and philosophy of science.
Book Synopsis Before and After Wyclif by : Luigi Campi
Download or read book Before and After Wyclif written by Luigi Campi and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the almost twenty years between the two international conferences on John Wyclif organised by the University of Milan, the most recent of which (September 2016) lies to some extent at the origin of the present volume, an increasing number of studies have been devoted to this great English thinker, theologian and reformer. These have enhanced our knowledge of his philosophical, theological and pastoral work, which had long remained in the shadows. The essays collected in the present book take further steps along this path, through the contribution of a range of specialists who have been called to further reconstruct Wyclif's place in his intellectual milieu from the standpoint of his textual and doctrinal dependence and influence: the collected essays deal with the antecedents of Wyclif's thought, his sources, and his role as a source for countless followers and opponents.
Book Synopsis The Neurology of Religion by : Alasdair Coles
Download or read book The Neurology of Religion written by Alasdair Coles and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-11-07 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines what can be learnt about the brain mechanisms underlying religious practice from studying people with neurological disorders.
Book Synopsis Philosophy of Chemistry by : Davis Baird
Download or read book Philosophy of Chemistry written by Davis Baird and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive volume marks a new standard in scholarship in the emerging field of the philosophy of chemistry. Philosophers, chemists, and historians of science ask some fundamental questions about the relationship between philosophy and chemistry.
Book Synopsis Medieval Mereology by : Desmond Paul Henry
Download or read book Medieval Mereology written by Desmond Paul Henry and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1991-01-01 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mereology is the theory which deals with parts and wholes in the concrete sense, and this study follows its varied fortunes during the Middle Ages. Preliminary indications as to its metaphysical situation are followed by a brief sketch of Boethius' contribution. Peter Abelard, Gilbert of Poitiers, Clarembald of Arras, and Joscelin of Soissons are among the twelfth-century authors examined. The effect of the subsequent recovery of Aristotle's Metaphysica on Mereology is typified by sketches of the many and varied uses made of the latter by Aquinas. A brief sample of Buridanian treatment is followed by an account of those applications made under the umbrella of thirteenth-century comment on Aristotle's De Sophisticis Elenchis. The curiously original theories of Wyclif are brought to light, as also also samples from Walter Bruleigh, Nicholas of Paris, William of Ockham, and Paul of Venice. Readers interested in such subjects as logic, metaphysics, philosophy, theology, linguistics, pyschology, and their history, will find the work relevant to their studies. No logical symbolism is used in the main body of the book, but some contemporary background is appended so that those who wish to do so may follow it up.
Book Synopsis The Thirteenth-Century Notion of Signification by : Ana María Mora-Marquez
Download or read book The Thirteenth-Century Notion of Signification written by Ana María Mora-Marquez and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2015-08-25 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Thirteenth-Century Notion of Signification, Ana María Mora-Márquez presents an exhaustive study of the three 13th-century discussions explicitly dealing with the notion of Significatio. Her study aims to show that the three discussions emerge because of apparently opposite claims about the signification of words in the authoritative literature of the period, namely in Aristotle, Boethius and Priscian. It also shows that the three discussions develop in the same direction – towards a unified use of the notion of signification, which keeps its explanatory role in semiotics, but loses its role in grammar and logic. Mora-Márquez offers us the first exhaustive analysis of the scholarly discussions around the notion of signification in the pre-nominalist medieval tradition.
