Sketch of the Revolutions of Medical Science, and Views Relating to Its Reform

Download Sketch of the Revolutions of Medical Science, and Views Relating to Its Reform PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 446 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sketch of the Revolutions of Medical Science, and Views Relating to Its Reform by : Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis

Download or read book Sketch of the Revolutions of Medical Science, and Views Relating to Its Reform written by Pierre Jean Georges Cabanis and published by . This book was released on 1806 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Medical Sciences at a Glance

Download Medical Sciences at a Glance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118360966
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (183 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Medical Sciences at a Glance by : Michael D. Randall

Download or read book Medical Sciences at a Glance written by Michael D. Randall and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-12-30 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical Sciences at a Glance The market-leading at a Glance series is used world-wide by medical students, residents, junior doctors and health professionals for its concise and clear approach and superb illustrations. Each topic is presented in a double-page spread with clear, easy-to-follow diagrams, supported by succinct explanatory text. Covering the whole medical curriculum, the series now includes workbooks and case books, which allow you to put your knowledge to the test. Everything you need to know about Medical Sciences...at a Glance! The definitive companion for medical science study and revision Medical Sciences at a Glance consolidates the scientific knowledge a student needs to provide a solid framework of key facts to build on. Concise, easy to follow, written specifically for medical students, and conveying key concepts through the unique at a Glance style, Medical Sciences at a Glance also demonstrates vital links between different topics and across systems. It is the perfect resource for bridging the gap between A-Level and university, studying a new topic, revising for exams, or refreshing knowledge while on placement. Key features: Fully cross-referenced to Medicine at a Glance – together they cover the core concepts of an entire medical degree Highlights key points and their clinical relevance for quick revision and retention of what’s most important Brings together all the scientific content on a medical course in one easy-to-read, highly-illustrated title Medical Sciences at a Glance provides the vital scientific grounding needed to succeed at medical school. All content reviewed by students for students Wiley-Blackwell Medical Education books are designed exactly for their intended audience. All our books are developed in collaboration with students, which means our books are always published with you, the student, in mind.

Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust

Download Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030921646X
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-16 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in medical, biomedical and health services research have reduced the level of uncertainty in clinical practice. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) complement this progress by establishing standards of care backed by strong scientific evidence. CPGs are statements that include recommendations intended to optimize patient care. These statements are informed by a systematic review of evidence and an assessment of the benefits and costs of alternative care options. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust examines the current state of clinical practice guidelines and how they can be improved to enhance healthcare quality and patient outcomes. Clinical practice guidelines now are ubiquitous in our healthcare system. The Guidelines International Network (GIN) database currently lists more than 3,700 guidelines from 39 countries. Developing guidelines presents a number of challenges including lack of transparent methodological practices, difficulty reconciling conflicting guidelines, and conflicts of interest. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust explores questions surrounding the quality of CPG development processes and the establishment of standards. It proposes eight standards for developing trustworthy clinical practice guidelines emphasizing transparency; management of conflict of interest ; systematic review-guideline development intersection; establishing evidence foundations for and rating strength of guideline recommendations; articulation of recommendations; external review; and updating. Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust shows how clinical practice guidelines can enhance clinician and patient decision-making by translating complex scientific research findings into recommendations for clinical practice that are relevant to the individual patient encounter, instead of implementing a one size fits all approach to patient care. This book contains information directly related to the work of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), as well as various Congressional staff and policymakers. It is a vital resource for medical specialty societies, disease advocacy groups, health professionals, private and international organizations that develop or use clinical practice guidelines, consumers, clinicians, and payers.

How Doctors Think

Download How Doctors Think PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195187121
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis How Doctors Think by : Kathryn Montgomery

Download or read book How Doctors Think written by Kathryn Montgomery and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Although physicians make use of science, this book argues that medicine is not itself a science, but rather an interpretive practice that relies heavily on clinical reasoning." "In How Doctors Think, Kathryn Montgomery contends that assuming medicine is strictly a science can have adverse effects. She suggests these can be significantly reduced by recognizing the vital role of clinical judgment."--BOOK JACKET.

Law, Medecine, Science, and Justice

Download Law, Medecine, Science, and Justice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (143 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Law, Medecine, Science, and Justice by : Larry Alan Bear

Download or read book Law, Medecine, Science, and Justice written by Larry Alan Bear and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Forbidden Knowledge

Download Forbidden Knowledge PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022673661X
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Forbidden Knowledge by : Hannah Marcus

Download or read book Forbidden Knowledge written by Hannah Marcus and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2020-09-25 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Wonderful . . . offers and provokes meditation on the timeless nature of censorship, its practices, its intentions and . . . its (unintended) outcomes.” —Times Higher Education Forbidden Knowledge explores the censorship of medical books from their proliferation in print through the prohibitions placed on them during the Counter-Reformation. How and why did books banned in Italy in the sixteenth century end up back on library shelves in the seventeenth? Historian Hannah Marcus uncovers how early modern physicians evaluated the utility of banned books and facilitated their continued circulation in conversation with Catholic authorities. Through extensive archival research, Marcus highlights how talk of scientific utility, once thought to have begun during the Scientific Revolution, in fact began earlier, emerging from ecclesiastical censorship and the desire to continue to use banned medical books. What’s more, this censorship in medicine, which preceded the Copernican debate in astronomy by sixty years, has had a lasting impact on how we talk about new and controversial developments in scientific knowledge. Beautiful illustrations accompany this masterful, timely book about the interplay between efforts at intellectual control and the utility of knowledge. “Marcus deftly explains the various contradictions that shaped the interactions between Catholic authorities and the medical and scientific communities of early modern Italy, showing how these dynamics defined the role of outside expertise in creating 'Catholic Knowledge' for centuries to come.” —Annals of Science “An important study that all scholars and advanced students of early modern Europe will want to read, especially those interested in early modern medicine, religion, and the history of the book. . . . Highly recommended.” —Choice

The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids

Download The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309453070
Total Pages : 487 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-03-31 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant changes have taken place in the policy landscape surrounding cannabis legalization, production, and use. During the past 20 years, 25 states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis and/or cannabidiol (a component of cannabis) for medical conditions or retail sales at the state level and 4 states have legalized both the medical and recreational use of cannabis. These landmark changes in policy have impacted cannabis use patterns and perceived levels of risk. However, despite this changing landscape, evidence regarding the short- and long-term health effects of cannabis use remains elusive. While a myriad of studies have examined cannabis use in all its various forms, often these research conclusions are not appropriately synthesized, translated for, or communicated to policy makers, health care providers, state health officials, or other stakeholders who have been charged with influencing and enacting policies, procedures, and laws related to cannabis use. Unlike other controlled substances such as alcohol or tobacco, no accepted standards for safe use or appropriate dose are available to help guide individuals as they make choices regarding the issues of if, when, where, and how to use cannabis safely and, in regard to therapeutic uses, effectively. Shifting public sentiment, conflicting and impeded scientific research, and legislative battles have fueled the debate about what, if any, harms or benefits can be attributed to the use of cannabis or its derivatives, and this lack of aggregated knowledge has broad public health implications. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids provides a comprehensive review of scientific evidence related to the health effects and potential therapeutic benefits of cannabis. This report provides a research agendaâ€"outlining gaps in current knowledge and opportunities for providing additional insight into these issuesâ€"that summarizes and prioritizes pressing research needs.

The Laws of Medicine

Download The Laws of Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 147678485X
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (767 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Laws of Medicine by : Siddhartha Mukherjee

Download or read book The Laws of Medicine written by Siddhartha Mukherjee and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2015-10-13 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential, required reading for doctors and patients alike: A Pulitzer Prize-winning author and one of the world’s premiere cancer researchers reveals an urgent philosophy on the little-known principles that govern medicine—and how understanding these principles can empower us all. Over a decade ago, when Siddhartha Mukherjee was a young, exhausted, and isolated medical resident, he discovered a book that would forever change the way he understood the medical profession. The book, The Youngest Science, forced Dr. Mukherjee to ask himself an urgent, fundamental question: Is medicine a “science”? Sciences must have laws—statements of truth based on repeated experiments that describe some universal attribute of nature. But does medicine have laws like other sciences? Dr. Mukherjee has spent his career pondering this question—a question that would ultimately produce some of most serious thinking he would do around the tenets of his discipline—culminating in The Laws of Medicine. In this important treatise, he investigates the most perplexing and illuminating cases of his career that ultimately led him to identify the three key principles that govern medicine. Brimming with fascinating historical details and modern medical wonders, this important book is a fascinating glimpse into the struggles and Eureka! moments that people outside of the medical profession rarely see. Written with Dr. Mukherjee’s signature eloquence and passionate prose, The Laws of Medicine is a critical read, not just for those in the medical profession, but for everyone who is moved to better understand how their health and well-being is being treated. Ultimately, this book lays the groundwork for a new way of understanding medicine, now and into the future.

Modern Medical Science

Download Modern Medical Science PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Modern Medical Science by : William Cowper Conant

Download or read book Modern Medical Science written by William Cowper Conant and published by . This book was released on 1891 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reproducibility and Replicability in Science

Download Reproducibility and Replicability in Science PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309486165
Total Pages : 257 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Reproducibility and Replicability in Science by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Reproducibility and Replicability in Science written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-10-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.

Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

Download Artificial Intelligence in Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 303021642X
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Artificial Intelligence in Medicine by : David Riaño

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence in Medicine written by David Riaño and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-19 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 17th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, AIME 2019, held in Poznan, Poland, in June 2019. The 22 revised full and 31 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 134 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: deep learning; simulation; knowledge representation; probabilistic models; behavior monitoring; clustering, natural language processing, and decision support; feature selection; image processing; general machine learning; and unsupervised learning.

Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science and Medicine

Download Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science and Medicine PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191574880
Total Pages : 620 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science and Medicine by : Michael Kent

Download or read book Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science and Medicine written by Michael Kent and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-12-01 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Dictionary of Sports Science and Medicine provides comprehensive and authoritative definitions of nearly 8000 sports science and sports medicine terms. All major areas are covered, including exercise psychology, sports nutrition, biomechanics, anatomy, sports sociology, training principles and techniques and sports injury and rehabilitation The dictionary will be an invaluable aid to students, coaches, athletes and anyone wanting instant access to the scientific principles, anatomical structures, and physiological, sociological and psychological processes that affect sporting performance. It will also be of interest to the general reader interested in sports science and medicine terminology.

Para-States and Medical Science

Download Para-States and Medical Science PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 082237627X
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Para-States and Medical Science by : Paul Wenzel Geissler

Download or read book Para-States and Medical Science written by Paul Wenzel Geissler and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2015-04-07 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Para-States and Medical Science, P. Wenzel Geissler and the contributors examine how medicine and public health in Africa have been transformed as a result of economic and political liberalization and globalization, intertwined with epidemiological and technological changes. The resulting fragmented medical science landscape is shaped and sustained by transnational flows of expertise and resources. NGOs, universities, pharmaceutical companies and other nonstate actors now play a significant role in medical research and treatment. But as the contributors to this volume argue, these groups have not supplanted the primacy of the nation-state in Africa. Although not necessarily stable or responsive, national governments remain crucial in medical care, both as employers of health care professionals and as sources of regulation, access, and – albeit sometimes counterintuitively - trust for their people. “The state” has morphed into the “para-state” — not a monolithic and predictable source of sovereignty and governance, but a shifting, and at times ephemeral, figure. Tracing the emergence of the “global health” paradigm in Africa in the treatment of HIV, malaria, and leprosy, this book challenges familiar notions of African statehood as weak or illegitimate by elaborating complex new frameworks of governmentality that can be simultaneously functioning and dysfunctional. Contributors. Uli Beisel, Didier Fassin, P. Wenzel Geissler, Rene Gerrets, Ann Kelly, Guillaume Lachenal, John Manton, Lotte Meinert, Vinh-Kim Nguyen, Branwyn Poleykett, Susan Reynolds Whyte

Sheep, Goat, and Cervid Medicine - E-Book

Download Sheep, Goat, and Cervid Medicine - E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323624642
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (236 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sheep, Goat, and Cervid Medicine - E-Book by : David G. Pugh

Download or read book Sheep, Goat, and Cervid Medicine - E-Book written by David G. Pugh and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-01-07 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: **Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 in Veterinary Medicine** Get practical answers from the only guide on the care of sheep, goats, and cervids! Authoritative yet easy to read, Sheep, Goat and Cervid Medicine, 3rd Edition covers all the latest advances in the field, including diseases and medical treatment, surgery, pain management, theriogenology, and nutrition. Clear instructions and hundreds of full-color photographs guide you step by step through common procedures including restraint for examination, administration of drugs, blood collection, and grooming. New to this edition is coverage of deer and elk medicine, reflecting the growing interest in these ruminants. Written by an expert team led by Dr. D.G. Pugh, this comprehensive reference is ideal for veterinarians and also for owners of sheep and goats. - Clear writing style and consistent organization makes the book easy to understand and use, with disease chapters including pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. - Coverage of both surgery and medicine in each body systems chapter makes it easier to choose between treatment options for specific disorders. - Superbly illustrated surgical procedures clearly demonstrate the steps to follow in performing medical and reproductive surgery. - Diverse, expert contributors include the most experienced authorities, each providing current information on the care of valuable breeding stock as well as pets. - Useful appendixes, now including veterinary feed directives, offer convenient access to information on drugs and drug dosages, fluid therapy, and normal values and conversions. - Consistent, logical format in each body systems chapter makes information easy to find by beginning with physical examination and diagnostic procedures, followed by discussions of common diseases that involve the system. - Comprehensive Feeding and Nutrition chapter covers diet evaluation, method of balancing rations, total parenteral nutrition, and examples of nutritious diets. - Explanation of the differences in normal behavior between sheep and goats shows how they are not the same, and require different methods of treatment. - NEW! Coverage of cervids has been added to chapters throughout the book, reflecting the growing popularity of deer and elk. - NEW! Thorough content updates are made throughout the book and reflect the latest research evidence. - NEW! 170 new clinical photos have been added. - NEW! Anesthesia and Pain Management chapter includes a new section on pain management strategies, reflecting the emphasis on controlling pain in small ruminants. - NEW! Expert Consult website offers an online version of the book, making it easy to search the entire book electronically. - NEW! Two new authors are respected and well-known veterinary medicine experts and educators: Dr. Misty Edmondson and Dr. Thomas Passler.

Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice

Download Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309145449
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-09-16 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collaborations of physicians and researchers with industry can provide valuable benefits to society, particularly in the translation of basic scientific discoveries to new therapies and products. Recent reports and news stories have, however, documented disturbing examples of relationships and practices that put at risk the integrity of medical research, the objectivity of professional education, the quality of patient care, the soundness of clinical practice guidelines, and the public's trust in medicine. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice provides a comprehensive look at conflict of interest in medicine. It offers principles to inform the design of policies to identify, limit, and manage conflicts of interest without damaging constructive collaboration with industry. It calls for both short-term actions and long-term commitments by institutions and individuals, including leaders of academic medical centers, professional societies, patient advocacy groups, government agencies, and drug, device, and pharmaceutical companies. Failure of the medical community to take convincing action on conflicts of interest invites additional legislative or regulatory measures that may be overly broad or unduly burdensome. Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice makes several recommendations for strengthening conflict of interest policies and curbing relationships that create risks with little benefit. The book will serve as an invaluable resource for individuals and organizations committed to high ethical standards in all realms of medicine.

Impure Science

Download Impure Science PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520214455
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Impure Science by : Steven Epstein

Download or read book Impure Science written by Steven Epstein and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epstein shows the extent to which AIDS research has been a social and political phenomenon and how the AIDS movement has transformed biomedical research practices through its capacity to garner credibility by novel strategies.

The History of the Development of Medical Science in America as Recorded in the American Journal of the Medical Sciences

Download The History of the Development of Medical Science in America as Recorded in the American Journal of the Medical Sciences PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Forgotten Books
ISBN 13 : 9780331253283
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (532 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The History of the Development of Medical Science in America as Recorded in the American Journal of the Medical Sciences by : Henry Robert Murray Landis

Download or read book The History of the Development of Medical Science in America as Recorded in the American Journal of the Medical Sciences written by Henry Robert Murray Landis and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-12-12 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The History of the Development of Medical Science in America as Recorded in the American Journal of the Medical Sciences: An Historical Study There are few undertakings more pleasant and profitable than the study of. The development of some branch of scientific activity, and in a country so young as ours it is possible in many instances to trace such evolution from its very start, and to observe the sources in other countries from which its original inspiration was de rived. It is so of our medical literature and teaching. The men who subsequently founded the first medical schools of America finished their medical studies under the great teachers in the universities of Leipsic, Leyden, London, and Edinburgh, and upon their return to this country imparted the learning of their masters to those who be came their pupils. There was one drawback, however, to the early progress of medicine in America which retarded its development. For many years, the lack of a medium of expression and communication for its workers, without which no science can thrive and develop. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.